Migrate data from an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance to a Db2 for LUW database - Data Transmission Service

This topic describes how to migrate data from an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance to a Db2 for LUW database by using Data Transmission Service (DTS).

Prerequisites

The destination Db2 for LUW database is created.
The available storage space of the destination Db2 for LUW database is larger than the total size of data in the source ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance.

Limits

Note

During schema migration, DTS migrates foreign keys from the source database to the destination database.
During full data migration and incremental data migration, DTS temporarily disables the constraint check and cascade operations on foreign keys at the session level. If you perform the cascade and delete operations on the source database during data migration, data inconsistency may occur.

Category	Description
Limits on the source database	The tables to be migrated must have PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE constraints, and all fields must be unique. Otherwise, the destination database may contain duplicate data records. If you select tables as the objects to be migrated and you need to edit tables, such as renaming tables or columns in the destination database, you can migrate up to 1,000 tables in a single data migration task. If you run a task to migrate more than 1,000 tables, a request error occurs. In this case, we recommend that you configure multiple tasks to migrate the tables in batches, or configure a task to migrate the entire database. The binary logging feature must be enabled for the ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance. The binlog_format parameter must be set to row and the binlog_row_image parameter must be set to full. For more information, see Modify the parameters of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance. Otherwise, error messages are returned during the precheck and the data migration task cannot be started. For an incremental data migration task, binary logs of the source database must be stored for more than 24 hours. For a full data and incremental data migration task, binary logs of the source database must be stored for at least seven days. Otherwise, DTS may fail to obtain the binary logs and the migration task may fail. In exceptional circumstances, data inconsistency or loss may occur. After full data migration is complete, you can set the retention period to more than 24 hours. Make sure that you set the retention period of binary logs based on the preceding requirements. Otherwise, the service reliability and performance stated in the Service Level Agreement (SLA) of DTS may not be guaranteed. If you perform only full data migration, do not write data to the source database during data migration. Otherwise, data inconsistency between the source and destination databases may occur. To ensure data consistency, we recommend that you select Schema Migration, Full Data Migration, and Incremental Data Migration as the migration types. During schema migration and full data migration, do not perform DDL operations to change the schemas of databases or tables. Otherwise, the data migration task fails.
Other limits	We recommend that you do not use tools such as pt-online-schema-change to perform DDL operations on objects during data migration. Otherwise, data migration may fail. Make sure that the precision settings for columns of the FLOAT or DOUBLE data type meet your business requirements. DTS uses the `ROUND(COLUMN,PRECISION)` function to retrieve values from columns of the FLOAT or DOUBLE data type. If you do not specify a precision, DTS sets the precision for columns of the FLOAT type to 38 digits and the precision for columns of the DOUBLE type to 308 digits. Before you migrate data, evaluate the impact of data migration on the performance of the source and destination databases. We recommend that you migrate data during off-peak hours. During full data migration, DTS uses the read and write resources of the source instance and destination database. This may increase the loads on the database servers. During full data migration, concurrent INSERT operations cause fragmentation in the tables of the destination database. After full data migration is complete, the size of used tablespace of the destination database is larger than that of the source database. DTS attempts to resume data migration tasks that failed within the last seven days. Before you switch workloads to the destination database, stop or release the data migration task. You can also execute the `REVOKE` statement to revoke the write permissions from the accounts used by DTS to access the destination database. Otherwise, the data in the source database will overwrite the data in the destination database after the task is resumed.

Billing

Migration type	Instance configuration fee	Internet traffic fee
Schema migration and full data migration	Free of charge.	Charged only when data is migrated from Alibaba Cloud over the Internet. For more information, see Billing overview.
Incremental data migration	Charged. For more information, see Billing overview.

Migration types

Schema migration
DTS migrates the schemas of objects from the source database to the destination database.
Full data migration
DTS migrates all existing data of objects from the source database to the destination database.
Incremental data migration
After full data migration is complete, DTS migrates incremental data from the source database to the destination database. Incremental data migration ensures service continuity of self-managed applications during data migration.

SQL operations that can be incrementally migrated

Operation type	SQL statement
DML	INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE
DDL	CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE, RENAME TABLE, TRUNCATE TABLE, and DROP TABLE

Permissions required for database accounts

Database	Schema migration	Full data migration	Incremental data migration
ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL	The SELECT permission	The SELECT permission	The SELECT permission on the objects to be migrated, and the REPLICATION SLAVE and REPLICATION CLIENT permissions. DTS automatically grants these permissions to the database account.
Db2 for LUW	Read and write permissions

For more information about how to create and authorize a database account, see the following topics:

ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance: Create an account on an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance and Modify the permissions of a standard account on an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Db2 for LUW database: Creating group and user IDs for a Db2 database installation and Authorities overview

Procedure

In this procedure, a self-managed Db2 for LUW database hosted on an Elastic Compute Service (ECS) instance is configured as the destination database.

Go to the Data Migration Tasks page.
1. Log on to the Data Management (DMS) console.
2. In the top navigation bar, click DTS.
3. In the left-side navigation pane, choose DTS (DTS) > Data Migration.
Note
- Operations may vary based on the mode and layout of the DMS console. For more information, see Simple mode and Configure the DMS console based on your business requirements.
- You can also go to the Data Migration Tasks page of the new DTS console.
From the drop-down list next to Data Migration Tasks, select the region in which the data migration instance resides.
Note If you use the new DTS console, you must select the region in which the data migration instance resides in the upper-left corner.

Click Create Task. On the page that appears, configure the source and destination databases.

Section	Parameter	Description
N/A	Task Name	The name of the task. DTS automatically generates a task name. We recommend that you specify an informative name to identify the task. You do not need to specify a unique task name.
Source Database	Select Instance	Select whether to use an existing instance. If you select an existing instance, DTS automatically applies the parameter settings of the instance. You do not need to configure the corresponding parameters again. If you do not use an existing instance, you must configure parameters for the source database.
	Database Type	The type of the source database. Select MySQL.
	Access Method	The access method of the source database. Select Alibaba Cloud Instance.
	Instance Region	The region in which the source ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance resides.
	Replicate Data Across Alibaba Cloud Accounts	Specifies whether data is migrated across Alibaba Cloud accounts. In this example, No is selected.
	RDS Instance ID	The ID of the source ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance.
	Database Account	The database account of the source ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance. For more information about the permissions that are required for the account, see the Permissions required for database accounts section of this topic.
	Database Password	The password of the database account.
	Encryption	Specifies whether to encrypt the connection to the source database. Select Non-encrypted or SSL-encrypted based on your business requirements. If you select SSL-encrypted, you must enable SSL encryption for the ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance before you configure the data migration task. For more information, see Configure SSL encryption for an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance.
Destination Database	Select Instance	Select whether to use an existing instance. If you select an existing instance, DTS automatically applies the parameter settings of the instance. You do not need to configure the corresponding parameters again. If you do not use an existing instance, you must configure parameters for the source database.
	Database Type	The type of the destination database. Select DB2 for LUW.
	Access Method	The access method of the destination database. Select Express Connect, VPN Gateway, or Smart Access Gateway. Note If your destination database is a self-managed database, you must deploy the network environment for the database. For more information, see Preparation overview.
	Instance Region	The region in which the destination Db2 for LUW database resides.
	Connected VPC	The virtual private cloud (VPC) to which the destination Db2 for LUW database is connected. You can view the VPC in the Network Information section on the Instance Details tab.
	IP Address (domain name is not supported)	The endpoint of the destination Db2 for LUW database. You can obtain the endpoint by viewing the Primary Private IP Address parameter in the Network Information section on the Instance Details tab.
	Port Number	The service port number of the destination Db2 for LUW database. Default value: 50000.
	Database Account	The name of the destination Db2 for LUW database to which the objects are migrated.
	Database Account	The account of the destination Db2 for LUW database.
	Database Password	The password of the database account.

In the lower part of the page, click Test Connectivity and Proceed.
If the source or destination database is an Alibaba Cloud database instance, such as an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL or ApsaraDB for MongoDB instance, DTS automatically adds the CIDR blocks of DTS servers to the whitelist of the instance. If the source or destination database is a self-managed database hosted on an Elastic Compute Service (ECS) instance, DTS automatically adds the CIDR blocks of DTS servers to the security group rules of the ECS instance, and you must make sure that the ECS instance can access the database. If the source or destination database is a self-managed database that is deployed in a data center or provided by a third-party cloud service provider, you must manually add the CIDR blocks of DTS servers to the whitelist of the database to allow DTS to access the database. For more information about the CIDR blocks of DTS servers, see Add the CIDR blocks of DTS servers to the security settings of on-premises databases.
Warning If the CIDR blocks of DTS servers are automatically or manually added to the whitelist of a database or an instance, or to the security group rules of an ECS instance, security risks may arise. Therefore, before you use DTS to migrate data, you must understand and acknowledge the potential risks and take preventive measures, including but not limited to the following measures: enhance the security of your username and password, limit the ports that are exposed, authenticate API calls, regularly check the whitelist or ECS security group rules and forbid unauthorized CIDR blocks, or connect the database to DTS by using Express Connect, VPN Gateway, or Smart Access Gateway.

Configure objects to migrate and advanced settings.

Parameter	Description
Migration Type	To perform only full data migration, select Schema Migration and Full Data Migration. To ensure service continuity during data migration, select Schema Migration, Full Data Migration, and Incremental Data Migration. Note If Incremental Data Migration is not selected, we recommend that you do not write data to the source instance during data migration. This ensures data consistency between the source and destination instances.
Processing Mode of Conflicting Tables	Precheck and Report Errors: checks whether the destination database contains tables that have the same names as tables in the source database. If the source and destination databases do not contain tables that have the same names, the precheck is passed. Otherwise, an error is returned during the precheck and the data migration task cannot be started. Note You can use the object name mapping feature to rename the tables that are migrated to the destination database. If the source and destination databases contain tables that have identical names and the tables in the destination database cannot be deleted or renamed, you can use this feature. For more information, see Map object names. Clear Destination Table: clears data from destination tables. Proceed with caution. Ignore Errors and Proceed: skips the precheck for identical table names in the source and destination databases. Warning If you select Ignore Errors and Proceed, data inconsistency may occur and your business may be exposed to potential risks. If the source and destination databases have the same schemas, and a data record has the same primary key value as an existing data record in the destination database: During full data migration, DTS does not migrate the data record to the destination database. The existing data record in the destination database is retained. During incremental data migration, DTS migrates the data record to the destination database. The existing data record in the destination database is overwritten. If the source and destination databases have different schemas, data may fail to be initialized. In this case, only some columns are migrated, or the data migration task fails.
Capitalization of Object Names in Destination Instance	The capitalization of database names, table names, and column names in the destination database. By default, DTS default policy is selected. You can select other options to ensure that the capitalization of object names is consistent with that in the source or destination database. For more information, see Specify the capitalization of object names in the destination instance.
Source Objects	Select one or more objects from the Source Objects section. Click the icon and add the objects to the Selected Objects section. Note You can select columns, tables, or schemas as the objects to be migrated. If you select tables or columns as the objects to be migrated, DTS does not migrate other objects, such as views, triggers, or stored procedures, to the destination database.
Selected Objects	Right-click a database in the Selected Objects. On the Edit Schema page, modify the name of the schema of the selected database to that of the destination Db2 for LUW database. The default value is the same as Database Account. For more information about the object name mapping feature, see Map object names. Note If you use the object name mapping feature to rename an object, other objects that are dependent on the object may fail to be migrated. To specify WHERE conditions to filter data, right-click an object in the Selected Objects section. In the dialog box that appears, specify the conditions. For more information about the procedure, see Use SQL conditions to filter data. To select the SQL operations performed on a specific database or table, right-click an object in the Selected Objects section. In the dialog box that appears, select the SQL operations that you want to migrate. For more information about the SQL operations that can be migrated, see the SQL operations that can be incrementally migrated section of this topic.

Click Next: Advanced Settings.

Parameter	Description
Set Alerts	Specifies whether to set alerts for the data migration task. If the task fails or the migration latency exceeds the threshold, the alert contacts will receive notifications. Valid values: No: does not set alerts. Yes: sets alerts. If you select Yes, you must also set the alert threshold and alert contacts. For more information, see Configure monitoring and alerting when you create a DTS task.
Retry Time for Failed Connections	The retry time range for failed connections. If the source or destination database fails to be connected after the data migration task is started, DTS immediately retries a connection within the time range. Valid values: 10 to 1440. Unit: minutes. Default value: 720. We recommend that you set the parameter to a value greater than 30. If DTS reconnects to the source and destination databases within the specified time range, DTS resumes the data migration task. Otherwise, the data migration task fails. Note If you set different retry time ranges for multiple data migration tasks that have the same source or destination database, the shortest retry time range that is set takes precedence. When DTS retries a connection, you are charged for the DTS instance. We recommend that you specify the retry time range based on your business requirements. You can also release the DTS instance at your earliest opportunity after the source and destination instances are released.
Configure ETL	Specifies whether to configure the extract, transform, and load (ETL) feature. For more information, see What is ETL?. Valid values: Yes: configures the ETL feature. You can enter data processing statements in the code editor. For more information, see Configure ETL in a data migration or data synchronization task. No: does not configure the ETL feature.

In the lower part of the page, click Next: Save Task Settings and Precheck.
Note
- Before you can start the data migration task, DTS performs a precheck. You can start the data migration task only after the task passes the precheck.
- If the task fails to pass the precheck, click View Details next to each failed item. After you troubleshoot the issues based on the causes, run a precheck again.
- If an alert is triggered for an item during the precheck:
  If an alert item cannot be ignored, click View Details next to the failed item and troubleshoot the issues. Then, run a precheck again.
  If an alert item can be ignored, click Confirm Alert Details. In the View Details dialog box, click Ignore. In the message that appears, click OK. Then, click Precheck Again to run a precheck again. If you ignore the alert item, data inconsistency may occur, and your business may be exposed to potential risks.
Wait until the Success Rate value becomes 100%. Then, click Next: Purchase Instance.

On the Purchase Instance page, specify the Instance Class parameter for the data migration instance. The following table describes the parameter.

Section	Parameter	Description
Parameters	Instance Class	DTS provides several instance classes that vary in the migration speed. You can select an instance class based on your business scenario. For more information, see Specifications of data migration instances.

Read and select the check box to agree to Data Transmission Service (Pay-as-you-go) Service Terms.
Click Buy and Start to start the data migration task. You can view the progress of the task in the task list.