This topic describes how to migrate data from a self-managed Oracle database to an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance by using Data Transmission Service (DTS). DTS supports schema migration, full data migration, and incremental data migration. When you migrate data from a self-managed Oracle database, you can select all of the supported migration types to ensure service continuity.
Prerequisites
The source self-managed Oracle database and the destination ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance are created.
NoteFor more information about how to create an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance, see Create an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance.
For more information about the supported versions of the source database and the destination instance, see Overview of data migration scenarios.
The self-managed Oracle database is running in ARCHIVELOG mode. Archived log files are accessible and a suitable retention period is set for archived log files. For more information, see Managing Archived Redo Log Files.
The supplemental logging feature is enabled for the self-managed Oracle database, and the SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_PK and SUPPLEMENTAL_LOG_DATA_UI parameters are set to Yes. For more information, see Supplemental Logging.
The destination ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance is created. For more information, see Create an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance.
Limits
- During schema migration, DTS migrates foreign keys from the source database to the destination database.
- During full data migration and incremental data migration, DTS temporarily disables the constraint check and cascade operations on foreign keys at the session level. If you perform the cascade and delete operations on the source database during data migration, data inconsistency may occur.
Category | Description |
Limits on the source database |
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Other limits |
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Special cases | If the destination database runs on an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance, take note of the following limits:
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Billing
Migration type | Instance configuration fee | Internet traffic fee |
Schema migration and full data migration | Free of charge. | Charged only when data is migrated from Alibaba Cloud over the Internet. For more information, see Billing overview. |
Incremental data migration | Charged. For more information, see Billing overview. |
Migration types
Migration type | Description |
Schema migration | DTS migrates the schemas of the required objects to the destination database. DTS has the following limits on schema migration for tables and indexes:
Note DTS does not support schema migration for the following types of objects: view, synonym, stored procedure, function, package, and user-defined type. Warning In this topic, the source and destination databases are heterogeneous databases. DTS does not ensure that the schemas of the source and destination databases are consistent after schema migration. We recommend that you evaluate the impact of data type conversion on your business. For more information, see Data type mappings between heterogeneous databases. |
Full data migration | DTS migrates the existing data of the required objects from the self-managed Oracle database to the destination database. |
Incremental data migration | After full data migration is complete, DTS retrieves redo log files from the self-managed Oracle database. Then, DTS migrates incremental data from the self-managed Oracle database to the destination database. Incremental data migration ensures service continuity of self-managed applications during data migration. |
SQL operations that can be incrementally migrated
Operation type | SQL statement |
DML | INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE |
DDL |
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Data type mappings
For more information, see Data type mappings between heterogeneous databases.
Before you begin
Log on to the self-managed Oracle database, create an account that you want to use to collect data, and then grant permissions to the account.
If you have created an account that is granted the permissions listed in the following table, you can skip this step.
Database | Schema migration | Full data migration | Incremental data migration |
Self-managed Oracle database | Permissions of the schema owner | Permissions of the schema owner | Permissions of database administrator (DBA) |
ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance | Write permissions on the destination database |
To create a database account and grant permissions to the database account, perform the following operations:
Self-managed Oracle database: CREATE USER and GRANT.
ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance: Create an account on an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance and Modify the permissions of a standard account on an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
If you need to migrate incremental data from an Oracle database but the database administrator (DBA) permissions cannot be granted to the database account, you can enable archive logging and supplemental logging, and grant fine-grained permissions to the account.
Enable archive logging and supplemental logging.
Type
Procedure
Archive logging
Execute the following statements to enable archive logging:
shutdown immediate; startup mount; alter database archivelog; alter database open; archive log list;
Supplemental logging
Enable supplemental logging at the database or table level based on your business requirements.
NoteYou can enable database-level supplemental logging to ensure the stability of Data Transmission Service (DTS) tasks. You can enable table-level supplemental logging to reduce the disk usage of the source Oracle database.
Enable database-level supplemental logging
Execute the following statement to enable minimal supplemental logging:
alter database add supplemental log data;
Execute the following statement to enable primary key and unique key supplemental logging at the database level:
alter database add supplemental log data (primary key,unique index) columns;
Enable table-level supplemental logging
Execute the following statement to enable minimal supplemental logging:
alter database add supplemental log data;
Enable table-level supplemental logging by using one of the following methods:
Enable primary key supplemental logging at the table level
alter table table_name add supplemental log data (primary key) columns;
Enable table-level supplemental logging for all columns
alter table tb_name add supplemental log data (all) columns;
Force logging
Execute the following statement to enable force logging:
alter database force logging;
Grant fine-grained permissions to an Oracle database account.
# Create a database account named rdsdt_dtsacct and grant permissions to the account. create user rdsdt_dtsacct IDENTIFIED BY rdsdt_dtsacct; grant create session to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant connect to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant resource to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant execute on sys.dbms_logmnr to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on V_$LOGMNR_LOGS to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on all_objects to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on all_tab_cols to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on dba_registry to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select any table to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select any transaction to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$log privileges grant select on v_$log to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$logfile privileges grant select on v_$logfile to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$archived_log privileges grant select on v_$archived_log to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$parameter privileges grant select on v_$parameter to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$database privileges grant select on v_$database to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$active_instances privileges grant select on v_$active_instances to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$instance privileges grant select on v_$instance to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$logmnr_contents privileges grant select on v_$logmnr_contents to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- system tables grant select on sys.USER$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.OBJ$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.COL$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.IND$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.ICOL$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.CDEF$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.CCOL$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.TABPART$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.TABSUBPART$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.TABCOMPART$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select_catalog_role TO rdsdt_dtsacct;
# Switch to the pluggable database (PDB). Create a database account named rdsdt_dtsacct and grant permissions to the account. ALTER SESSION SET container = ORCLPDB1; create user rdsdt_dtsacct IDENTIFIED BY rdsdt_dtsacct; grant create session to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant connect to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant resource to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant execute on sys.dbms_logmnr to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on all_objects to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on all_tab_cols to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on dba_registry to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select any table to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select any transaction to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$log privileges grant select on v_$log to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$logfile privileges grant select on v_$logfile to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$archived_log privileges grant select on v_$archived_log to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$parameter privileges grant select on v_$parameter to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$database privileges grant select on v_$database to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$active_instances privileges grant select on v_$active_instances to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$instance privileges grant select on v_$instance to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$logmnr_contents privileges grant select on v_$logmnr_contents to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on sys.USER$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.OBJ$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.COL$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.IND$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.ICOL$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.CDEF$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.CCOL$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.TABPART$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.TABSUBPART$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.TABCOMPART$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- V$PDBS privileges grant select on V_$PDBS to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on v$database to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on dba_objects to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on DBA_TAB_COMMENTS to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on dba_tab_cols to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select_catalog_role TO rdsdt_dtsacct; # Switch to the CDB$ROOT, which is the root container of the container database (CDB). Create a database account and grant permissions to the account. ALTER SESSION SET container = CDB$ROOT; # Create a database account named rdsdt_dtsacct and grant permissions to the account. You must modify the default parameters of the Oracle database. alter session set "_ORACLE_SCRIPT"=true; create user rdsdt_dtsacct IDENTIFIED BY rdsdt_dtsacct; grant create session to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant connect to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on v_$logmnr_contents to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant LOGMINING TO rdsdt_dtsacct; grant EXECUTE_CATALOG_ROLE to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant execute on sys.dbms_logmnr to rdsdt_dtsacct;
# Create a database account named rdsdt_dtsacct and grant permissions to the account. create user rdsdt_dtsacct IDENTIFIED BY rdsdt_dtsacct; grant create session to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant connect to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant resource to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on V_$LOGMNR_LOGS to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on all_objects to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on all_tab_cols to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on dba_registry to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select any table to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select any transaction to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on v$database to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on dba_objects to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on DBA_TAB_COMMENTS to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on dba_tab_cols to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$log privileges grant select on v_$log to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$logfile privileges grant select on v_$logfile to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$archived_log privileges grant select on v_$archived_log to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$parameter privileges grant select on v_$parameter to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$database privileges grant select on v_$database to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$active_instances privileges grant select on v_$active_instances to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$instance privileges grant select on v_$instance to rdsdt_dtsacct; -- v$logmnr_contents privileges grant select on v_$logmnr_contents to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on sys.USER$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.OBJ$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.COL$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.IND$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.ICOL$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.CDEF$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.CCOL$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.TABPART$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.TABSUBPART$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select on SYS.TABCOMPART$ to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant LOGMINING TO rdsdt_dtsacct; grant EXECUTE_CATALOG_ROLE to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant execute on sys.dbms_logmnr to rdsdt_dtsacct; grant select_catalog_role TO rdsdt_dtsacct;
Procedure
- Go to the Data Migration Tasks page.
- Log on to the Data Management (DMS) console.
- In the top navigation bar, click DTS.
- In the left-side navigation pane, choose .
Note- Operations may vary based on the mode and layout of the DMS console. For more information, see Simple mode and Customize the layout and style of the DMS console.
- You can also go to the Data Migration Tasks page of the new DTS console.
- From the drop-down list next to Data Migration Tasks, select the region in which the data migration instance resides. Note If you use the new DTS console, you must select the region in which the data migration instance resides in the upper-left corner.
Click Create Task. On the page that appears, configure the source and destination databases.
WarningAfter you configure the source and destination databases, we recommend that you read the limits that are displayed in the upper part of the page. Otherwise, the task may fail or data inconsistency may occur.
Section
Parameter
Description
N/A
Task Name
The name of the task. DTS automatically assigns a name to the task. We recommend that you specify a descriptive name that makes it easy to identify the task. You do not need to specify a unique task name.
Source Database
Database Type
The type of the source database. Select Oracle.
Access Method
The access method of the source database. In this example, Public IP Address is selected.
NoteIf you select other access methods, you must set up the environment that is required for the self-managed Oracle database. For more information, see Preparation overview.
Instance Region
The region in which the source Oracle database resides.
Hostname or IP address
The endpoint that is used to connect to the self-managed Oracle database.
Port Number
The service port number of the self-managed Oracle database. Default value: 1521.
NoteIn this example, the service port of the self-managed Oracle database must be accessible over the Internet.
Oracle Type
The architecture of the source Oracle database. If you select Non-RAC Instance, you must configure the SID parameter.
If you select RAC or PDB Instance, you must configure the Service Name parameter.
In this example, Non-RAC Instance is selected.
Database Account
The account of the source Oracle database. For more information about the permissions that are required for the account, see Before you begin.
Database Password
The password of the database account.
Destination Database
Database Type
The type of the destination database. Select MySQL.
Access Method
The access method of the destination database. Select Alibaba Cloud Instance.
Instance Region
The region in which the destination ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance resides.
RDS Instance ID
The ID of the destination ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance.
Database Account
The database account of the destination ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance. For more information about the permissions that are required for the account, see Before you begin.
Database Password
The password of the database account.
Encryption
Specifies whether to encrypt the connection to the source database. You can select Non-encrypted or SSL-encrypted based on your business requirements. If you select SSL-encrypted, you must enable SSL encryption for the ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance before you configure the data migration task. For more information, see Configure the SSL encryption feature.
If an IP address whitelist is configured for your self-managed database, add the CIDR blocks of DTS servers to the IP address whitelist. Then, click Test Connectivity and Proceed.
WarningIf the public CIDR blocks of DTS servers are automatically or manually added to the IP address whitelist of a database instance or to the security group rules of an ECS instance, security risks may arise. Therefore, before you use DTS to migrate data, you must understand and acknowledge the potential risks and take preventive measures, including but not limited to the following measures: enhancing the security of your account and password, limiting the ports that are exposed, authenticating API calls, regularly checking the IP address whitelist or ECS security group rules and forbidding unauthorized CIDR blocks, and connecting the database to DTS by using Express Connect, VPN Gateway, or Smart Access Gateway.
Configure objects to be migrated and advanced settings.
Parameter
Description
Migration Types
To perform only full data migration, select Schema Migration and Full Data Migration.
To ensure service continuity during data migration, select Schema Migration, Full Data Migration, and Incremental Data Migration.
NoteIf you do not select Incremental Data Migration, we recommend that you do not write data to the source database during data migration. This ensures data consistency between the source and destination databases.
Processing Mode of Conflicting Tables
Precheck and Report Errors: checks whether the destination database contains tables that have the same names as tables in the source database. If the source and destination databases do not contain tables that have identical table names, the precheck is passed. Otherwise, an error is returned during the precheck and the data migration task cannot be started.
NoteYou can use the object name mapping feature to rename the tables that are migrated to the destination database. You can use this feature if the source and destination databases contain tables that have identical table names and the tables in the destination database cannot be deleted or renamed. For more information, see Map object names.
Ignore Errors and Proceed: skips the precheck for identical table names in the source and destination databases.
WarningIf you select Ignore Errors and Proceed, data inconsistency may occur and your business may be exposed to the following potential risks:
If the source and destination databases have the same schemas, DTS does not migrate data records that have the same primary key values as data records in the destination database.
If the source and destination databases have different schemas, only specific columns are migrated or the data migration task fails. Proceed with caution.
Source Objects
Select one or more objects from the Source Objects section and click the
icon to add the objects to the Selected Objects section.
Selected Objects
- To rename an object that you want to migrate to the destination instance, right-click the object in the Selected Objects section. For more information, see Map the name of a single object.
- To rename multiple objects at a time, click Batch Edit in the upper-right corner of the Selected Objects section. For more information, see Map multiple object names at a time.
NoteIf you use the object name mapping feature to rename an object, other objects that are dependent on the object may fail to be migrated.
To specify WHERE conditions to filter data, right-click an object in the Selected Objects section. In the dialog box that appears, specify the conditions. For more information, see Use SQL conditions to filter data.
To incrementally migrate SQL operations performed on a specific database or table, right-click the object in the Selected Objects section. In the dialog box that appears, select the SQL operations that you want to incrementally migrate. For more information about the SQL statements that can be incrementally migrated, see the SQL operations that can be incrementally migrated section of this topic.
Click Next: Advanced Settings to configure advanced settings.
Data Verification Settings
For more information about how to use the data verification feature, see Enable data verification.
Advanced Settings
Parameter
Description
Set Alerts
Specifies whether to configure alerting for the data migration task. If the task fails or the migration latency exceeds the specified threshold, the alert contacts will receive notifications. Valid values:
No: does not configure alerting.
Yes: configures alerting. If you select Yes, you must also specify the alert threshold and alert contacts. For more information, see Configure monitoring and alerting.
Retry Time for Failed Connections
The retry time range for failed connections. If the source or destination database fails to be connected after the data migration task is started, DTS immediately retries a connection within the retry time range. Valid values: 10 to 1440. Unit: minutes. Default value: 720. We recommend that you set the parameter to a value greater than 30. If DTS is reconnected to the source and destination databases within the specified retry time range, DTS resumes the data migration task. Otherwise, the data migration task fails.
NoteIf you specify different retry time ranges for multiple data migration tasks that share the same source or destination database, the value that is specified later takes precedence.
When DTS retries a connection, you are charged for the DTS instance. We recommend that you specify the retry time range based on your business requirements. You can also release the DTS instance at your earliest opportunity after the source and destination instances are released.
The wait time before a retry when other issues occur in the source and destination databases.
The retry time range for other issues. For example, if DDL or DML operations fail to be performed after the data migration task is started, DTS immediately retries the operations within the retry time range. Valid values: 1 to 1440. Unit: minutes. Default value: 10. We recommend that you set the parameter to a value greater than 10. If the failed operations are successfully performed within the specified retry time range, DTS resumes the data migration task. Otherwise, the data migration task fails.
ImportantThe value of the The wait time before a retry when other issues occur in the source and destination databases parameter must be smaller than the value of the Retry Time for Failed Connections parameter.
Configure ETL
Specifies whether to configure the extract, transform, and load (ETL) feature. For more information, see What is ETL?. Valid values:- Yes: configures the ETL feature. You can enter data processing statements in the code editor. For more information, see Configure ETL in a data migration or data synchronization task.
- No: does not configure the ETL feature.
In the lower part of the page, click Next: Save Task Settings and Precheck.
You can move the pointer over Next: Save Task Settings and Precheck and click Preview OpenAPI parameters to view the parameters to be specified when you call the relevant API operation to configure the DTS task.
NoteBefore you can start the data migration task, DTS performs a precheck. You can start the data migration task only after the task passes the precheck.
If the task fails to pass the precheck, click View Details next to each failed item. After you troubleshoot the issues based on the error message, you can run a precheck again.
If an alert is triggered for an item during the precheck:
If the alert item cannot be ignored, click View Details next to the failed item and troubleshoot the issues. Then, run a precheck again.
If the alert item can be ignored, click Confirm Alert Details. In the View Details dialog box, click Ignore. In the message that appears, click OK. Then, click Precheck Again to run a precheck again. If you ignore the alert item, data inconsistency may occur and your business may be exposed to potential risks.
Wait until the success rate becomes 100%. Then, click Next: Purchase Instance.
Read and agree to Data Transmission Service (Pay-as-you-go) Service Terms by selecting the check box.
Click Buy and Start to start the data migration task. You can view the progress of the task in the task list.