How Can You Tackle Network Attacks on CDN Edge Nodes?

By CDN Team

Five Network Attacks Commonly Seen in Today's Grim Network Security Environment

According to Zhao Wei, the security risks faced by online service providers usually come in five forms:

DDoS Attacks

The Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack has a history of more than 20 years. This simple and straightforward cyber-attack is accomplished by directly congesting the victim's uplink bandwidth with forged packets. As the number of terminals such as Internet of Things (IoT) devices increases, so does the frequency of network attacks. According to a report from Alibaba Cloud Security Center, attacks greater than 100 Gbps became commonplace and those reaching 500 Gbps became prevalent in 2019. When an enterprise is under attack, the uplink bandwidth is jammed and normal requests cannot be received, paralyzing the enterprise's online services. Therefore, DDoS protection is the primary issue enterprises need to invest in to deal with.

HTTP Flood Attack

Compared with forged packets launched by a Layer-4 DDoS attack, an HTTP flood attack depletes the resources, such as CPU and memory, of the compromised server by sending a large number of requests. A common approach is to send requests that require the server to perform database queries, so that the server load and resource consumption will surge, slowing down the server response and even rendering services unavailable.

Web Attacks

Typical web attacks include SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and cross-site request forgery (CSRF). Unlike DDoS and HTTP flood attacks that send superfluous requests, web attacks exploit the inherent vulnerabilities in web-based design. Once an attack is successful, either the database content of the target website is leaked, or webpages are infected by Trojan viruses. The leaked database content may seriously impact a company's data security, while webpages infected with Trojan horses can tarnish the security reputation of a company and cause the search engine to downgrade the website.

Malicious Crawlers

A report released by Alibaba Cloud Security Center showed that in 2019 malicious crawlers accounted for more than 50% of attacks in industries such as real estate, transportation, games, e-commerce, and online forums. Malicious crawlers steal the core content of a website, such as the commodity prices of E-commerce merchants, and strain the server resources.

Hijacking Attacks

Hijacking attacks are quite common. When a website is hijacked by a third party, traffic to the website is diverted to other websites, which reduces both the traffic and the number of users of the victim website. In addition, for media and government websites, the content tampering may trigger substantial policy risks.

Enterprises Need Multi-layer In-depth Protection for Online Services

In the increasingly hostile network security situation, enterprises need to cope with the preceding security risks by ensuring smooth and stable online services and building a multi-layer in-depth protection system with response measures and protection mechanisms at all levels.

DDoS attack traffic is scrubbed and processed at the network layer. If the adverse impact is aggravated, IP addresses can be changed and the black hole routing mechanism must be activated to mitigate the situation.
In contrast to traditional plain text traffic, Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is used to implement encryption at the transport layer, preventing certificate forgery.
The application layer must be capable of HTTP flooding protection, anti-crawling, and anti-brushing, so as to prevent malicious consumption of bandwidth to avoid economic and business losses. Web Application Firewall (WAF) and anti-tampering mechanisms must be deployed to protect origin sites and their content.

Protections must be put in place at the network layer, transport layer, and application layer. In particular, the application layer needs to have protective measures intended for different scenarios.

CDN-based Edge Node Security + Anti-DDoS Pro Center Security Architecture

Based on our understanding of in-depth protection, the security architecture of Alibaba Cloud's Content Delivery Network (CDN) utilizes an edge security protection mechanism built on distributed CDN nodes and works with the Anti-DDoS Pro Scrubbing Center to achieve protection.

As shown in the figure, the first layer of protection in the overall security architecture deployed on the global CDN nodes fortifies the edge nodes with greater security capabilities and relies on its multi-layer multi-dimension traffic data statistics and attack detection capabilities to consolidate the data, such as DDoS and HTTP access traffic, to the Security Brain for comprehensive analysis. Defense policies can be dynamically delivered to edge nodes against different levels of attacks. Meanwhile, edge nodes can also automatically defend and clean themselves. In addition, the overall security architecture deploys WAF and tamper protection on the origin nodes and defends against attacks before they reach the origin site. If the origin site only serves the CDN service without being exposed to the public network, the overall architecture also provides CDN-based advanced protection for the origin site to prevent the origin site from being discovered by malicious scanners.

In financial and government scenarios, to resist high-bandwidth and high-volume DDoS attacks, CDN has a large number of edge nodes to digest most of the attack traffic through its own scheduling and cleaning features. Once DDoS attacks increase in magnitude, the Security Brain invokes intelligent scheduling to route the attack traffic to the advanced protection nodes for scrubbing.

Three Core Features of Alibaba Cloud CDN Security Architecture

On the basis of the preceding CDN security architecture in place, Zhao Wei also describes the three core capabilities of Alibaba Cloud, including Anti-DDoS intelligent scheduling, web protection, and machine traffic management.

1) Anti-DDoS Intelligent Scheduling: Collaborated Mechanism between Multiple Components

Anti-DDoS Intelligent Scheduling is a collaborated mechanism between distributed anti-DDoS protection on edge nodes and high-bandwidth and high-volume Anti-DDoS Pro protection

The policy of Anti-DDoS Intelligent Scheduling is to distribute business traffic through CDN by default for maximized acceleration and optimal user experience. When high-bandwidth and high-volume DDoS attacks are detected, the Intelligent Scheduling feature determines the severity level and uses Anti-DDoS Pro to scrub DDoS attacks. It also performs local or global scheduling, depending on the magnitude of attacks. When DDoS attacks stop, Intelligent Scheduling automatically routes the business traffic of the Anti-DDoS Pro service back to the CDN edge nodes to resume the usual acceleration as much as possible.

The centerpiece of Anti-DDoS Intelligent Scheduling consists of three components, including edge acceleration, intelligent scheduling, and Tbps-level protection. Adequate DDoS attack detection and intelligent scheduling deployed on the basis of edge acceleration determine whether to clean the attack traffic through Anti-DDoS Pro or Tbps-level protection center. At present, the solution has been adopted by customers that represent the financial industry and the media industry.

2) Web Protection: Eight Layers of Security Features to Filter out Malicious Requests

The web attack protection policy relies on filters by layers to defend against malicious requests. The first layer is access control, which specifies the interception policy for HTTP requests. The second layer is area blocking, which intercepts requests from invalid zones or abnormal regions. The third layer is the IP reputation system, which classifies malicious behaviors and intercepts IP addresses by using the big data profiles on Internet IP addresses that Alibaba Cloud has accumulated over the years. The fourth layer of the blacklist is to intercept certain UA or IP addresses. The preceding four layers are all precise intercepts. The fifth layer is frequency control, which intercepts abnormal relatively high frequency IP addresses. The sixth layer manages machine traffic over the Internet, and blocks malicious crawlers. Layer 7 and layer 8 provide WAF and advanced protection for origin sites.

According to Zhao Wei, CDN edge nodes are closest to Internet users. Among all access requests, some are normal user requests, and others may be crawlers, injections, malicious and cross-site requests. The various layers of protection filter out malicious requests and return the normal requests to the original sites.

3) Machine Traffic Management: Identify Internet Bot traffic and Block Malicious Bot Traffic

The Machine Traffic Management feature is deployed on the edge nodes. When various Internet access enters the CDN edge nodes, Machine Traffic Management extracts the original client information, analyzes and computes the client feature values, and matches and identifies the results with the machine traffic characteristic database built and maintained by Alibaba Cloud Security over the years. Normal access, search engines, and commercial crawlers are expected and acceptable behaviors from websites, while malicious crawlers are intercepted. In terms of coping measures, Machine Traffic Management is less intrusive than the common protective measures embedded in normal webpages and supports relatively smooth access.

The following figure shows a use case. First, the traffic to a domain name is analyzed when the Machine Traffic Management policy is implemented. The pie chart on the left shows a scenario where machine traffic analysis is enabled for a domain name, and more than 82% of the requests are identified to be from malicious crawlers. The line chart on the right shows, after the malicious crawler traffic interception feature is activated for the machine traffic, the peak bandwidth of the domain name decreases by more than 80%.

Content Delivery Network CDN is already the primary entrance of Internet traffic. It is the industry trend to deploy security capabilities on CDN edge nodes and provide customers with one-stop security acceleration solutions. At the end of the press conference, Zhao Wei shared that Alibaba Cloud will deepen the scenario-based, convenient, and intelligent solutions for future government-enterprise security acceleration, so as to provide security policies that faster, more intelligent, more effective and closer to customer needs. The solutions will make CDN the first line of defense for online services and guarantee the secure and stable operation of applications.

Learn more about Alibaba Cloud's CDN product at https://www.alibabacloud.com/product/cdn

Community

How Can You Tackle Network Attacks on CDN Edge Nodes?

Five Network Attacks Commonly Seen in Today's Grim Network Security Environment

DDoS Attacks

HTTP Flood Attack

Web Attacks

Malicious Crawlers

Hijacking Attacks

Enterprises Need Multi-layer In-depth Protection for Online Services

CDN-based Edge Node Security + Anti-DDoS Pro Center Security Architecture

Three Core Features of Alibaba Cloud CDN Security Architecture

1) Anti-DDoS Intelligent Scheduling: Collaborated Mechanism between Multiple Components

2) Web Protection: Eight Layers of Security Features to Filter out Malicious Requests

3) Machine Traffic Management: Identify Internet Bot traffic and Block Malicious Bot Traffic

Read previous post:

Read next post:

Alibaba Cloud New Products

You may also like

Comments

Alibaba Cloud New Products

Related Products

Anti-DDoS

Web Hosting Solution

Anti DDoS Basic

Web App Service