TairTS - Tair (Redis® OSS-Compatible) - Alibaba Cloud Documentation Center

TairTS is a time series data structure developed on top of Redis modules. This data structure provides low-latency and high-concurrency in-memory read and write access, supports fast filtering and aggregate queries, and offers both storage and computing capabilities. TairTS simplifies the processing of time series data and significantly improves performance.

Overview of TairTS

Compared with RedisTimeSeries, TairTS provides a richer set of features:

Multi-timeline aggregate queries by using pkeys. Pkeys have an extra hash layer.
For example, you can create multiple skeys named after metric names and device IDs in the foo pkey, such as temperature:1, pressure:1, and distance:1. You can then run the EXTS.S.MRANGE command provided by TairTS to retrieve custom monitoring data such as skeys that have a device ID of 1. If you want to implement a similar feature using RedisTimeSeries, you must insert many aggregate queries into business logic code.
Figure 1. Comparison between TairTS and RedisTimeSeries
The following section describes the structure of TairTS data:
- Pkey: a piece of TairTS data that indicates a set of timelines. A pkey consists of multiple skeys.
- Skey: a timeline. An skey consists of multiple chunks that have a fixed capacity. You can attach one or more different labels to each skey. Then, skeys can be filtered by label.
- Chunk: a data chunk. A chunk can store multiple datapoints.
  - The capacity of each chunk is customizable. If compression is not enabled, a chunk can store up to 256 datapoints. However, if compression is enabled, a chunk can store more than 256 datapoints.
  - Chunks are the smallest expiration units. A chunk is deleted after all datapoints in the chunk expire.
- Datapoint: a piece of time series data that includes a timestamp and a DOUBLE-type value.
Aggregate queries in scenarios such as downsampling, attribute filtering, batch query, and the use of multiple numerical functions. This feature integrates batch query and aggregation into a single command to reduce network interaction and provide single-digit millisecond response time.
Update and accumulation of historical time series data.
Support for timeline-level TTL setting ensures that each timeline can automatically scroll according to a time window.
Efficient Gorilla compression algorithm and specific storage to significantly reduce costs.

Typical scenarios

Storage and computing of monitored data
Data analytics based on time windows
Data analytics and processing for IoT
Caching of hot news
Per-second monitoring for application performance management (APM)
Risk control in throttling scenarios

Best practices

Implement per-second monitoring by using TairTS

Preparations

The instance that you want to manage is a Tair DRAM-based instance.

If the instance is a DRAM-based instance that is compatible with Redis 5.0, the minor version of the instance must be 1.7.20 or later.

Note

The latest minor version provides more features and higher stability. We recommend that you update the instance to the latest minor version. For more information, see Update the minor version of an instance. If your instance is a cluster instance or read/write splitting instance, we recommend that you update the proxy nodes in the instance to the latest minor version to ensure that all commands can be run as expected.

Usage notes

The TairTS data that you want to manage is stored on the Tair instance.
TairTS supports real-time, high-concurrency writes and queries but provides limited storage capacity. We recommend that you specify TTL for TairTS data to ensure that expired data is deleted in a timely manner.

Important

Breaking changes:

On July 22, 2024, the 24.7.0.0 version of Tair DRAM-based instances that are compatible with Redis 6.0 was released. This version introduces a new parameter called ts-auto-del-empty-skey-enable, which is set to yes by default. This indicates that when all data points in an skey expire, the skey is automatically deleted. However, in versions prior to 24.7.0.0 of Tair DRAM-based instances that are compatible with Redis 6.0, skeys whose data points expire are not deleted by default.

Before you use TairTS on a Tair DRAM-based instance that is compatible with Redis 6.0, we recommend that you upgrade the instance to version 24.7.0.0 or later, and confirm and manually adjust the ts-auto-del-empty-skey-enable parameter settings. This can prevent any potential impact on your business due to the change in default behavior.

Command list

Table 1. TairTS commands

Type	Command	Syntax	Description
Basic write operations	EXTS.P.CREATE	`EXTS.P.CREATE Pkey`	Creates a TairTS pkey. If a pkey with the same name already exists, the pkey cannot be created.
	EXTS.S.CREATE	`EXTS.S.CREATE Pkey Skey [DATA_ET time] [CHUNK_SIZE size] [UNCOMPRESSED] [LABELS label1 val1 label2 val2 ...]`	Creates an skey in a specified pkey. If the pkey does not exist, it is automatically created. If an skey with the same name already exists, the skey cannot be created. Note You can specify parameters for the skey, such as the expiration time and whether to enable compression.
	EXTS.S.ALTER	`EXTS.S.ALTER Pkey Skey [DATA_ET time]`	Modifies the metadata of a specified skey. Only the DATA_ET time value can be modified.
	EXTS.S.ADD	`EXTS.S.ADD Pkey Skey ts value [DATA_ET time] [CHUNK_SIZE size] [UNCOMPRESSED] [LABELS label1 val1 ...]`	Inserts a data point into a skey. If the pkey or skey does not exist, the pkey or skey is automatically created. The parameters for the skey, such as the expiration time and whether to enable compression, take effect only if the skey is automatically created.
	EXTS.S.MADD	`EXTS.S.MADD Pkey keynumber Skey ts value [Skey ts value ...] [DATA_ET time] [CHUNK_SIZE size] [UNCOMPRESSED] [LABELS label1 val1 ...]`	Inserts a data point into multiple skeys of a pkey. If the pkey or an skey does not exist, the pkey or skey is automatically created. The parameters for an skey, such as the expiration time and whether to enable compression, take effect only if the skey is automatically created.
	EXTS.S.INCRBY	`EXTS.S.INCRBY Pkey Skey ts value [DATA_ET time] [CHUNK_SIZE size] [UNCOMPRESSED] [LABELS label1 val1 ...]`	Inserts a data point into an skey. If the data point that you want to insert has a positive value, the inserted value is added to the value of the last data point that exists in the skey. If the data point has a negative value, the inserted value is subtracted from the value of the last data point that exists in the skey. If the pkey or skey does not exist, the pkey or skey is automatically created. The default initial value is 0. The parameters for the skey, such as the expiration time and whether to enable compression, take effect only if the skey is automatically created when the skey does not already exist.
	EXTS.S.MINCRBY	`EXTS.S.MINCRBY Pkey keynumber Skey ts value [Skey ts value ...] [DATA_ET time] [CHUNK_SIZE size] [UNCOMPRESSED] [LABELS label1 val1 ...]`	Inserts a data point into multiple skeys of a pkey. If the data point that you want to insert has a positive value, the inserted value is added to the value of the last data point that exists in each skey. If the data point has a negative value, the inserted value is subtracted from the value of the last data point that exists in each skey. If the pkey or an skey does not exist, the pkey or skey is automatically created. The default initial value is 0. The parameters for an skey, such as the expiration time and whether to enable compression, take effect only if the skey is automatically created when the skey does not already exist.
	EXTS.S.DEL	`EXTS.S.DEL Pkey Skey`	Deletes an skey from a pkey and all data points in the skey.
Basic read operations	EXTS.S.GET	`EXTS.S.GET Pkey Skey`	Queries the value of the latest data point in a specified skey.
	EXTS.S.INFO	`EXTS.S.INFO Pkey Skey`	Queries the metadata of a specified skey. The metadata includes the number of data points, the timestamp and value of the latest data point, and the label information of the skey.
	EXTS.S.QUERYINDEX	`EXTS.S.QUERYINDEX Pkey filter1 [filter2 ...]`	Queries the skeys that meet specified filter conditions in a pkey.
Aggregate operations	EXTS.S.RANGE	`EXTS.S.RANGE Pkey Skey fromTs toTs [MAXCOUNT count] [AGGREGATION aggregationType timeBucket]`	Queries the number of data points that exist in a skey during a specified time range. The time range is a closed interval.
	EXTS.S.MRANGE	`EXTS.S.MRANGE Pkey fromTs toTs [MAXCOUNT count] [AGGREGATION aggregationType timeBucket] [WITHLABELS] FILTER filter1 [filter2 ...]`	Queries the number of data points that meet specified filter conditions in multiple skeys during a specified time range. The time range is a closed interval.
	EXTS.P.RANGE	`EXTS.P.RANGE Pkey fromTs toTs pkeyAggregationType pkeyTimeBucket [MAXCOUNT count] [AGGREGATION aggregationType timeBucket] FILTER filter1 [filter2 ...]`	Aggregates data points in a pkey that meet specified filter conditions. If you specify one or more skeys for aggregation, the skeys are first aggregated in the same manner as when the EXTS.S.MRANGE command is used. Then, pkeys are aggregated based on the skey aggregation results.
Concurrent write operations	EXTS.S.RAW_MODIFY	`EXTS.S.RAW_MODIFY Pkey Skey ts value [DATA_ET time] [CHUNK_SIZE size] [UNCOMPRESSED] [LABELS label1 val1 ...]`	Modifies the value of a data point in a specified skey. If the pkey or an skey does not exist, the pkey or skey is automatically created. The parameters for an skey, such as the expiration time and whether to enable compression, take effect only if the skey is automatically created.
	EXTS.S.RAW_MMODIFY	`EXTS.S.RAW_MMODIFY Pkey keynumber Skey ts value [Skey ts value ...] [DATA_ET time] [CHUNK_SIZE size] [UNCOMPRESSED] [LABELS label1 val1 ...]`	Modifies the values of multiple data points in a specified skey at a time. If the pkey or an skey does not exist, the pkey or skey is automatically created. The parameters for an skey, such as the expiration time and whether to enable compression, take effect only if the skey is automatically created.
	EXTS.S.RAW_INCRBY	`EXTS.S.RAW_INCRBY Pkey Skey ts value [DATA_ET time] [CHUNK_SIZE size] [UNCOMPRESSED] [LABELS label1 val1 ...]`	Modifies the value of a data point in a specified skey. You can specify an increment or a decrement by which to modify the value. If the pkey or an skey does not exist, the pkey or skey is automatically created. The default initial value is 0. The parameters for an skey, such as the expiration time and whether to enable compression, take effect only if the skey is automatically created when the skey does not already exist.
	EXTS.S.RAW_MINCRBY	`EXTS.S.RAW_MINCRBY Pkey keynumber Skey ts value [Skey ts value ...] [DATA_ET time] [CHUNK_SIZE size] [UNCOMPRESSED] [LABELS label1 val1 ...]`	Modifies the values of multiple data points in a specified skey at a time. You can specify an increment or a decrement by which to modify the values. If the pkey or an skey does not exist, the pkey or skey is automatically created. The parameters for an skey, such as the expiration time and whether to enable compression, take effect only if the skey is automatically created when the skey does not already exist.
General-purpose operations	DEL	`DEL key [key ...]`	Deletes one or more TairTS keys.

Note

The following list describes the conventions for the command syntax used in this topic:

Uppercase keyword: indicates the command keyword.
Italic text: indicates variables.
[options]: indicates that the enclosed parameters are optional. Parameters that are not enclosed by brackets must be specified.
A|B: indicates that the parameters separated by the vertical bars (|) are mutually exclusive. Only one of the parameters can be specified.
...: indicates that the parameter preceding this symbol can be repeatedly specified.

EXTS.P.CREATE

Item	Description
Syntax	`EXTS.P.CREATE Pkey`
Time complexity	O(1)
Command description	Creates a TairTS pkey. If a pkey with the same name already exists, the pkey cannot be created.
Parameter	Pkey: the name of the pkey that you want to manage by running this command.
Output	If the operation is successful, OK is returned. Otherwise, an error message is returned.
Example	Sample command: `EXTS.P.CREATE foo` Sample output: `OK`

EXTS.S.CREATE

Item	Description
Syntax	`EXTS.S.CREATE Pkey Skey [DATA_ET time] [CHUNK_SIZE size] [UNCOMPRESSED] [LABELS label1 val1 label2 val2 ...]`
Time complexity	O(1)
Command description	Creates an skey in a specified pkey. If the pkey does not exist, it is automatically created. If an skey with the same name already exists, the skey cannot be created. Note You can specify parameters for the skey, such as the expiration time and whether to enable compression.
Parameter	Pkey: the name of the pkey that you want to manage by running this command. Skey: the name of the skey. DATA_ET time: the relative expiration time of the datapoint. Unit: milliseconds. This parameter is left empty by default, which indicates that the datapoint does not expire. CHUNK_SIZE: the size of a single chunk used for storing datapoints, measured in 16 bytes. The default value of CHUNK_SIZE is 256, which indicates that the system allocates 4 KB of memory to the chunk (calculated as 16 bytes multiplied by 256) to store datapoints. When the current chunk reaches its storage capacity, the system creates another chunk. The valid values of CHUNK_SIZE are 1 to 256. Note For example, CHUNK_SIZE is set to 256. If compression is not enabled for the skey, a single chunk can store 256 datapoints. However, if compression is enabled, a single chunk can store more than 256 datapoints, although the exact number depends on the compression effect of the specific data. To optimize memory usage and balance read/write efficiency, we recommend that you set CHUNK_SIZE based on the following guidelines: If the average number of datapoints for a given skey is greater than 5,000, set CHUNK_SIZE to 256 (default value). Using larger chunks can reduce the total number of chunks, which in turn decreases the management overhead of metadata. If the average number of datapoints for a given skey is less than 5,000, set CHUNK_SIZE to the average number of datapoints divided by 20. For example, if the average number of datapoints for a skey is 1,000, you can set CHUNK_SIZE to 50. This setting allows for less data to be decompressed during small-range queries, which can lead to improved performance. However, if a large amount of data is written in this case, the creation of many chunks may cause performance to degrade. UNCOMPRESSED: specifies that compression is disabled for the skey. This parameter is left empty by default, which indicates that compression is enabled for the skey. LABELS: the labels of the skey. You can specify one or more label-value pairs. Example: `LABELS sensor_id 1`.
Output	If the operation is successful, OK is returned. Otherwise, an error message is returned.
Example	Sample command: `EXTS.S.CREATE foo temperature DATA_ET 10000000 LABELS sensor_id 1` Sample output: `OK`

EXTS.S.ALTER

Item	Description
Syntax	`EXTS.S.ALTER Pkey Skey [DATA_ET time]`
Time complexity	O(1)
Command description	Modifies the metadata of a specified skey. Only the DATA_ET time value can be modified.
Parameter	Pkey: the name of the pkey that you want to manage by running this command. Skey: the name of the skey. DATA_ET time: the relative expiration time of the datapoint. Unit: milliseconds. This parameter is left empty by default, which indicates that the datapoint does not expire.
Output	If the operation is successful, OK is returned. Otherwise, an error message is returned.
Example	Sample command: `EXTS.S.ALTER foo temperature DATA_ET 100000` Sample output: `OK`

EXTS.S.ADD

Item	Description
Syntax	`EXTS.S.ADD Pkey Skey ts value [DATA_ET time] [CHUNK_SIZE size] [UNCOMPRESSED] [LABELS label1 val1 ...]`
Time complexity	O(1)
Command description	Inserts a data point into a skey. If the pkey or skey does not exist, the pkey or skey is automatically created. The parameters for the skey, such as the expiration time and whether to enable compression, take effect only if the skey is automatically created.
Parameter	Pkey: the name of the pkey that you want to manage by running this command. Skey: the name of the skey. ts: the Unix timestamp of the datapoint. Unit: milliseconds. A value of `*` can be used to specify the timestamp of the current time. value: the value of the datapoint. The value must be a double-precision floating-point number. DATA_ET time: the relative expiration time of the datapoint. Unit: milliseconds. This parameter is left empty by default, which indicates that the datapoint does not expire. CHUNK_SIZE: the size of a single chunk, measured in 16 bytes. Default value: 256. Valid values: 1 to 256. For more information, see EXTS.S.CREATE. UNCOMPRESSED: specifies that compression is disabled for the skey. This parameter is left empty by default, which indicates that compression is enabled for the skey. LABELS: the labels of the skey. You can specify one or more label-value pairs. Example: `LABELS sensor_id 1`.
Output	If the operation is successful, OK is returned. Otherwise, an error message is returned.
Example	Sample command: `EXTS.S.ADD foo temperature * 30.5 DATA_ET 1000000 LABELS sensor_id 1` Sample output: `OK`

EXTS.S.MADD

Item	Description
Syntax	`EXTS.S.MADD Pkey keynumber Skey ts value [Skey ts value ...] [DATA_ET time] [CHUNK_SIZE size] [UNCOMPRESSED] [LABELS label1 val1 ...]`
Time complexity	O(n), where n indicates the number of skeys.
Command description	Inserts a data point into multiple skeys of a pkey. If the pkey or an skey does not exist, the pkey or skey is automatically created. The parameters for an skey, such as the expiration time and whether to enable compression, take effect only if the skey is automatically created.
Parameter	Pkey: the name of the pkey that you want to manage by running this command. keynumber: Specifies the number of data records. Skey: the name of the skey. ts: the Unix timestamp of the datapoint. Unit: milliseconds. A value of `*` can be used to specify the timestamp of the current time. value: the value of the datapoint. The value must be a double-precision floating-point number. DATA_ET time: the relative expiration time of the datapoint. Unit: milliseconds. This parameter is left empty by default, which indicates that the datapoint does not expire. CHUNK_SIZE: the size of a single chunk, measured in 16 bytes. Default value: 256. Valid values: 1 to 256. For more information, see EXTS.S.CREATE. UNCOMPRESSED: specifies that compression is disabled for the skey. This parameter is left empty by default, which indicates that compression is enabled for the skey. LABELS: the labels of the skey. You can specify one or more label-value pairs. Example: `LABELS sensor_id 1`.
Output	If the operation is successful, OK is returned. Otherwise, an error message is returned.
Example	Sample command: `EXTS.S.MADD foo 3 temperature * 30.2 pressure * 2.05 distance * 0.5` Sample output: `1) OK 2) OK 3) OK`

EXTS.S.INCRBY

Item	Description
Syntax	`EXTS.S.INCRBY Pkey Skey ts value [DATA_ET time] [CHUNK_SIZE size] [UNCOMPRESSED] [LABELS label1 val1 ...]`
Time complexity	O(1)
Command description	Inserts a data point into an skey. If the data point that you want to insert has a positive value, the inserted value is added to the value of the last data point that exists in the skey. If the data point has a negative value, the inserted value is subtracted from the value of the last data point that exists in the skey. If the pkey or skey does not exist, the pkey or skey is automatically created. The default initial value is 0. The parameters for the skey, such as the expiration time and whether to enable compression, take effect only if the skey is automatically created when the skey does not already exist.
Parameter	Pkey: the name of the pkey that you want to manage by running this command. Skey: the name of the skey. ts: the Unix timestamp of the datapoint. Unit: milliseconds. A value of `*` can be used to specify the timestamp of the current time. value: the value that you want to add to the datapoint value. The value can be negative. In this case, the value is subtracted from the datapoint value. The value must be a double-precision floating-point number. DATA_ET time: the relative expiration time of the datapoint. Unit: milliseconds. This parameter is left empty by default, which indicates that the datapoint does not expire. CHUNK_SIZE: the size of a single chunk, measured in 16 bytes. Default value: 256. Valid values: 1 to 256. For more information, see EXTS.S.CREATE. UNCOMPRESSED: specifies that compression is disabled for the skey. This parameter is left empty by default, which indicates that compression is enabled for the skey. LABELS: the labels of the skey. You can specify one or more label-value pairs. Example: `LABELS sensor_id 1`.
Output	If the operation is successful, OK is returned. Otherwise, an error message is returned.
Example	Run the `EXTS.S.ADD foo temperature 1644310456023 30.0` command in advance. Sample command: `EXTS.S.INCRBY foo temperature 1644372093031 2` Sample output: `OK` If the `EXTS.S.GET foo temperature` command is run at this time, the following output is returned: `1) (integer) 1644372093031 2) "32"`

EXTS.S.MINCRBY

Item	Description
Syntax	`EXTS.S.MINCRBY Pkey keynumber Skey ts value [Skey ts value ...] [DATA_ET time] [CHUNK_SIZE size] [UNCOMPRESSED] [LABELS label1 val1 ...]`
Time complexity	O(n), where n indicates the number of skeys.
Command description	Inserts a data point into multiple skeys of a pkey. If the data point that you want to insert has a positive value, the inserted value is added to the value of the last data point that exists in each skey. If the data point has a negative value, the inserted value is subtracted from the value of the last data point that exists in each skey. If the pkey or an skey does not exist, the pkey or skey is automatically created. The default initial value is 0. The parameters for an skey, such as the expiration time and whether to enable compression, take effect only if the skey is automatically created when the skey does not already exist.
Options	Pkey: the name of the pkey that you want to manage by running this command. keynumber: the number of skeys. Skey: the name of the skey. ts: the Unix timestamp of the datapoint. Unit: milliseconds. A value of `*` can be used to specify the timestamp of the current time. value: the value that you want to add to the datapoint value. The value can be negative. In this case, the value is subtracted from the datapoint value. The value must be a double-precision floating-point number. DATA_ET time: the relative expiration time of the datapoint. Unit: milliseconds. This parameter is left empty by default, which indicates that the datapoint does not expire. CHUNK_SIZE: the size of a single chunk, measured in 16 bytes. Default value: 256. Valid values: 1 to 256. For more information, see EXTS.S.CREATE. UNCOMPRESSED: specifies that compression is disabled for the skey. This parameter is left empty by default, which indicates that compression is enabled for the skey. LABELS: the labels of the skey. You can specify one or more label-value pairs. Example: `LABELS sensor_id 1`.
Output	If the operation is successful, OK is returned. Otherwise, an error message is returned.
Example	Sample command: `EXTS.S.MINCRBY foo 3 temperature * 0.2 pressure * -0.1 distance * 0.0` Sample output: `1) OK 2) OK 3) OK`

EXTS.S.DEL

Item	Description
Syntax	`EXTS.S.DEL Pkey Skey`
Time complexity	O(1)
Command description	Deletes an skey from a pkey and all data points in the skey.
Parameter	Pkey: the name of the pkey that you want to manage by running this command. Skey: the name of the skey.
Output	If the operation is successful, OK is returned. Otherwise, an error message is returned.
Example	Sample command: `EXTS.S.DEL foo temperature` Sample output: `OK`

EXTS.S.GET

Item	Description
Syntax	`EXTS.S.GET Pkey Skey`
Time complexity	O(1)
Command description	Queries the value of the latest data point in a specified skey.
Parameter	Pkey: the name of the pkey that you want to manage by running this command. Skey: the name of the skey.
Output	If the operation is successful, the data point value is returned. If the pkey or skey does not exist, nil is returned. Otherwise, an error message is returned.
Example	Sample command: `EXTS.S.GET foo temperature` Sample output: `1) (integer) 1644372730150 2) "32.2"`

EXTS.S.INFO

Item	Description
Syntax	`EXTS.S.INFO Pkey Skey`
Time complexity	O(1)
Command description	Queries the metadata of a specified skey. The metadata includes the number of data points, the timestamp and value of the latest data point, and the label information of the skey.
Options	Pkey: the name of the pkey that you want to manage by running this command. Skey: the name of the skey.
Output	If the operation is successful, the metadata of the skey is returned. If the pkey or skey does not exist, nil is returned. Otherwise, an error message is returned.
Example	Sample command: `EXTS.S.INFO foo temperature` Sample output: 1) totalDataPoints // The number of data points. 2) (integer) 1 3) maxDataPoints // Maximum number of data points that can be stored in the skey. The default value is 0, which indicates no upper limit is imposed. 4) (integer) 0 5) maxDataPointsPerChunk // The number of data points that can be stored in a chunk. 6) (integer) 32 7) dataPointsExpireTime // The relative expiration time of the skey. Unit: milliseconds. A value of 0 indicates that the skey does not expire. 8) (integer) 0 9) lastTimestamp // Timestamp of the latest data point. 10) (integer) 1644389400996 11) chunkCount // The number of chunks in the skey. 12) (integer) 1 13) lastValue // The value of the latest data point. 14) (integer) 28 15) labels // The label information of the skey. 16) 1) 1) "sensor_id" 2) "1"

EXTS.S.QUERYINDEX

Item	Description
Syntax	`EXTS.S.QUERYINDEX Pkey filter1 [filter2 ...]`
Time complexity	O(n), where n indicates the maximum number of sets involved in filter conditions.
Command description	Queries the skeys that meet specified filter conditions in a pkey.
Parameter	Pkey: the name of the pkey that you want to manage by running this command. filter: the filter conditions. You can filter skeys by label. For more information, see Index filtering syntax. Note When you specify a filter condition, you must use one of the EQ, CONTAINS, and LIST_MATCH logics. Otherwise, filter queries cannot be performed.
Output	If the operation is successful, the skeys that meet specified filter conditions are returned. If the pkey or skey does not exist, nil is returned. Otherwise, an error message is returned.
Example	Sample command: `EXTS.S.QUERYINDEX foo sensor_id=1` Sample output: `1) "temperature"`

EXTS.S.RANGE

Item	Description
Syntax	`EXTS.S.RANGE Pkey Skey fromTs toTs [MAXCOUNT count] [AGGREGATION aggregationType timeBucket]`
Time complexity	O(n), where n indicates the number of chunks to which the data points belong.
Command description	Queries the number of data points that exist in a skey during a specified time range. The time range is a closed interval.
Parameter	Pkey: the name of the pkey that you want to manage by running this command. Skey: the name of the skey. fromTs: the beginning of the time range to query. This value must be a Unix timestamp. Unit: milliseconds. toTs: the end of the time range to query. This value must be a Unix timestamp. Unit: milliseconds. A value of `*` can be used to specify the timestamp of the current time. If this value is equal to the fromTs value, a point in time is used for the query. MAXCOUNT: the number of data points to return. This parameter is left empty by default. The upper limit is 1,000,000 for Tair instances. AGGREGATION: aggregationType: the aggregation type, such as `MAX`, `AVG`, or `SUM`. For more information, see Aggregation syntax. timeBucket: the time bucket used to aggregate data. Unit: milliseconds. The lower limit is 1,000. In ApsaraDB for Redis Enhanced Edition (Tair), data that exists in a skey or pkey during a specified time range is aggregated and returned in a result. The point in time to return results is the beginning of a collection interval. For example, `AGGREGATION AVG 5000` returns the average number of data points that exist in each time bucket that lasts for 5,000 milliseconds within the specified time range.
Output	If the operation is successful, the number of data points that meet specified filter conditions are returned. If an aggregation is specified in the command, the aggregation result is returned. Note An additional token value is returned. A value of 0 indicates that all data points that meet specified filter conditions are displayed. A value of 1 indicates that specific data points that meet specified filtered conditions are not displayed. You can retrieve the latest data point from the result based on the token value and use the timestamp of the latest data point as the beginning of the next time range to query to implement batch aggregation. If the pkey or skey does not exist, nil is returned. Otherwise, an error message is returned.
Example	Sample command: `EXTS.S.RANGE foo test 1644459031662 * AGGREGATION AVG 10000 MAXCOUNT 2 // The command retrieves the average number of data points that exist in each time bucket that lasts for 10,000 milliseconds within the specified time range and returns two data entries.` Sample output: `1) 1) 1) (integer) 1644459730000 2) "20.6" 2) 1) (integer) 1644459790000 2) "21.2" 2) (integer) 1 // A value of 0 indicates that all data points that meet specified filter conditions are displayed. A value of 1 indicates that specific data points that meet specified filtered conditions are not displayed.`

EXTS.S.MRANGE

Item	Description
Syntax	`EXTS.S.MRANGE Pkey fromTs toTs [MAXCOUNT count] [AGGREGATION aggregationType timeBucket] [WITHLABELS] FILTER filter1 [filter2 ...]`
Time complexity	O(n), where n indicates the number of chunks to which the data points belong.
Command description	Queries the number of data points that meet specified filter conditions in multiple skeys during a specified time range. The time range is a closed interval.
Parameter	Pkey: the name of the pkey that you want to manage by running this command. fromTs: the beginning of the time range to query. This value must be a Unix timestamp. Unit: milliseconds. toTs: the end of the time range to query. This value must be a Unix timestamp. Unit: milliseconds. A value of `` can be used to specify the timestamp of the current time. If this value is equal to the fromTs value, a point in time is used for the query. MAXCOUNT: the number of data points to return in an skey. This parameter is left empty by default. The upper limit is 1,000,000 for Tair instances. AGGREGATION: aggregationType: the aggregation type, such as `MAX`, `AVG`, or `SUM`. For more information, see Aggregation syntax. timeBucket: the time bucket used to aggregate data. Unit: milliseconds. The lower limit is 1,000. Tair aggregates data that exists in multiple time buckets and returns a single result. The points in time returned are the beginning of each time bucket. WITHLABELS: specifies whether to include label information in the output. This parameter is left empty by default, which indicates that label information is not displayed. filter: the filter conditions. You can filter skeys by label. For more information, see Index filtering syntax. Note* When you specify a filter condition, you must use one of the EQ, CONTAINS, and LIST_MATCH logics. Otherwise, filter queries cannot be performed.
Output	If the operation is successful, the skeys that meet specified filter conditions are returned. If the pkey or skey does not exist, nil is returned. Otherwise, an error message is returned.
Example	Sample command: `EXTS.S.MRANGE foo 1644451031662 * AGGREGATION MAX 10000 WITHLABELS FILTER sensor_id=1` Sample output: `1) 1) "temperature" 2) 1) 1) "sensor_id" 2) "1" 3) 1) 1) (integer) 1644481000000 2) "30" 4) (integer) 0 2) 1) "test" 2) 1) 1) "sensor_id" 2) "1" 3) 1) 1) (integer) 1644459730000 2) "20" 2) 1) (integer) 1644459790000 2) "20" 3) 1) (integer) 1644460620000 2) "29" 4) (integer) 0`

EXTS.P.RANGE

Item	Description
Syntax	`EXTS.P.RANGE Pkey fromTs toTs pkeyAggregationType pkeyTimeBucket [MAXCOUNT count] [AGGREGATION aggregationType timeBucket] FILTER filter1 [filter2 ...]`
Time complexity	O(n), where n indicates the number of chunks to which the data points belong.
Command description	Aggregates data points in a pkey that meet specified filter conditions. If you specify one or more skeys for aggregation, the skeys are first aggregated in the same manner as when the EXTS.S.MRANGE command is used. Then, pkeys are aggregated based on the skey aggregation results.
Parameter	Pkey: the name of the pkey that you want to manage by running this command. fromTs: the beginning of the time range to query. This value must be a Unix timestamp. Unit: milliseconds. toTs: the end of the time range to query. This value must be a Unix timestamp. Unit: milliseconds. A value of `` can be used to specify the timestamp of the current time. If this value is equal to the fromTs value, a point in time is used for the query. pkeyAggregationType: the aggregation type of the pkey. For more information, see Aggregation syntax. pkeyTimeBucket: the time bucket used to aggregate data in the pkey. Unit: milliseconds. The lower limit is 1,000. Tair aggregates data that exists in multiple time buckets and returns a single result. The points in time returned are the beginning of each time bucket. MAXCOUNT: the number of data points to return in an skey. This parameter is left empty by default. The upper limit is 1,000,000 for Tair instances. AGGREGATION: aggregationType: the aggregation type of the skey. For more information, see Aggregation syntax. timeBucket: the time bucket used to aggregate data in the skey. Unit: milliseconds. The lower limit is 1,000. Tair aggregates data that exists in multiple time buckets and returns a single result. The points in time returned are the beginning of each time bucket. filter: the filter conditions. You can filter skeys by label. For more information, see Index filtering syntax. Note* When you specify a filter condition, you must use one of the EQ, CONTAINS, and LIST_MATCH logics. Otherwise, filter queries are unable to be performed.
Output	If the operation is successful, the aggregation results are returned. If the pkey or skey does not exist, nil is returned. Otherwise, an error message is returned.
Example	Sample command: `EXTS.P.RANGE foo 1644451031662 * SUM 500000 AGGREGATION SUM 10000 FILTER sensor_id=1` Sample output: `1) 1) 1) (integer) 1644459500000 2) "40" 2) 1) (integer) 1644460500000 2) "29" 3) 1) (integer) 1644481000000 2) "30" 2) (integer) 0`

EXTS.S.RAW_MODIFY

Item	Description
Syntax	`EXTS.S.RAW_MODIFY Pkey Skey ts value [DATA_ET time] [CHUNK_SIZE size] [UNCOMPRESSED] [LABELS label1 val1 ...]`
Time complexity	O(1)
Command description	Modifies the value of a data point in a specified skey. If the pkey or an skey does not exist, the pkey or skey is automatically created. The parameters for an skey, such as the expiration time and whether to enable compression, take effect only if the skey is automatically created.
Parameter	Pkey: the name of the pkey that you want to manage by running this command. Skey: the name of the skey. ts: the Unix timestamp of the datapoint whose value you want to update. Unit: milliseconds. value: the datapoint value that you want to update. The value must be a double-precision floating point number. DATA_ET time: the relative expiration time of the datapoint. Unit: milliseconds. This parameter is left empty by default, which indicates that the datapoint does not expire. CHUNK_SIZE: the size of a single chunk, measured in 16 bytes. Default value: 256. Valid values: 1 to 256. For more information, see EXTS.S.CREATE. UNCOMPRESSED: specifies that compression is disabled for the skey. This parameter is left empty by default, which indicates that compression is enabled for the skey. LABELS: the labels of the skey. You can specify one or more label-value pairs. Example: `LABELS sensor_id 1`.
Output	If the operation is successful, OK is returned. Otherwise, an error message is returned.
Example	Sample command: `EXTS.S.RAW_MODIFY foo temperature 1644310456023 31.5` Sample output: `OK`

EXTS.S.RAW_MMODIFY

Item	Description
Syntax	`EXTS.S.RAW_MMODIFY Pkey keynumber Skey ts value [Skey ts value ...] [DATA_ET time] [CHUNK_SIZE size] [UNCOMPRESSED] [LABELS label1 val1 ...]`
Time complexity	O(n), where n indicates the number of skeys.
Command description	Modifies the values of multiple data points in a specified skey at a time. If the pkey or an skey does not exist, the pkey or skey is automatically created. The parameters for an skey, such as the expiration time and whether to enable compression, take effect only if the skey is automatically created.
Parameter	Pkey: the name of the pkey that you want to manage by running this command. keynumber: Specifies the number of data entries. Skey: the name of the skey. ts: the Unix timestamp of the datapoint whose value you want to update. Unit: milliseconds. value: the datapoint value that you want to update. The value must be a double-precision floating point number. DATA_ET time: the relative expiration time of the datapoint. Unit: milliseconds. This parameter is left empty by default, which indicates that the datapoint does not expire. CHUNK_SIZE: the size of a single chunk, measured in 16 bytes. Default value: 256. Valid values: 1 to 256. For more information, see EXTS.S.CREATE. UNCOMPRESSED: specifies that compression is disabled for the skey. This parameter is left empty by default, which indicates that compression is enabled for the skey. LABELS: the labels of the skey. You can specify one or more label-value pairs. Example: `LABELS sensor_id 1`.
Output	If the operation is successful, OK is returned. Otherwise, an error message is returned.
Example	Sample command: `EXTS.S.RAW_MMODIFY foo 3 temperature 1644565954814 30.2 pressure 1644565954814 2.05 distance 1644565954814 0.5` Sample output: `1) OK 2) OK 3) OK`

EXTS.S.RAW_INCRBY

Item	Description
Syntax	`EXTS.S.RAW_INCRBY Pkey Skey ts value [DATA_ET time] [CHUNK_SIZE size] [UNCOMPRESSED] [LABELS label1 val1 ...]`
Time complexity	O(1)
Command description	Modifies the value of a data point in a specified skey. You can specify an increment or a decrement by which to modify the value. If the pkey or an skey does not exist, the pkey or skey is automatically created. The default initial value is 0. The parameters for an skey, such as the expiration time and whether to enable compression, take effect only if the skey is automatically created when the skey does not already exist.
Parameter	Pkey: the name of the pkey that you want to manage by running this command. Skey: the name of the skey. ts: the Unix timestamp of the datapoint whose value you want to update. Unit: milliseconds. value: the value that you want to add to the datapoint value. The value can be negative. In this case, the value is subtracted from the datapoint value. The value must be a double-precision floating-point number. DATA_ET time: the relative expiration time of the datapoint. Unit: milliseconds. This parameter is left empty by default, which indicates that the datapoint does not expire. CHUNK_SIZE: the size of a single chunk, measured in 16 bytes. Default value: 256. Valid values: 1 to 256. For more information, see EXTS.S.CREATE. UNCOMPRESSED: specifies that compression is disabled for the skey. This parameter is left empty by default, which indicates that compression is enabled for the skey. LABELS: the labels of the skey. You can specify one or more label-value pairs. Example: `LABELS sensor_id 1`.
Output	If the operation is successful, OK is returned. Otherwise, an error message is returned.
Example	Run the `EXTS.S.ADD foo temperature 1644310456 30.0` command in advance. Sample command: `EXTS.S.RAW_INCRBY foo temperature 1644310456 3.3` Sample output: `OK` If the `EXTS.S.GET foo temperature` command is run at this time, the following output is returned: `1) (integer) 1644310456 2) "33.3"`

EXTS.S.RAW_MINCRBY

Item	Description
Syntax	`EXTS.S.RAW_MINCRBY Pkey keynumber Skey ts value [Skey ts value ...] [DATA_ET time] [CHUNK_SIZE size] [UNCOMPRESSED] [LABELS label1 val1 ...]`
Time complexity	O(n), where n indicates the number of data points.
Command description	Modifies the values of multiple data points in a specified skey at a time. You can specify an increment or a decrement by which to modify the values. If the pkey or an skey does not exist, the pkey or skey is automatically created. The parameters for an skey, such as the expiration time and whether to enable compression, take effect only if the skey is automatically created when the skey does not already exist.
Parameter	Pkey: the name of the pkey that you want to manage by running this command. keynumber: Specifies the number of data entries. Skey: the name of the skey. ts: the Unix timestamp of the datapoint whose value you want to update. Unit: milliseconds. value: the value that you want to add to the datapoint value. The value can be negative. In this case, the value is subtracted from the datapoint value. The value must be a double-precision floating-point number. DATA_ET time: the relative expiration time of the datapoint. Unit: milliseconds. This parameter is left empty by default, which indicates that the datapoint does not expire. CHUNK_SIZE: the size of a single chunk, measured in 16 bytes. Default value: 256. Valid values: 1 to 256. For more information, see EXTS.S.CREATE. UNCOMPRESSED: specifies that compression is disabled for the skey. This parameter is left empty by default, which indicates that compression is enabled for the skey. LABELS: the labels of the skey. You can specify one or more label-value pairs. Example: `LABELS sensor_id 1`.
Output	If the operation is successful, OK is returned. Otherwise, an error message is returned.
Example	Sample command: `EXTS.S.RAW_MINCRBY foo 3 temperature 1644565954814 30.2 pressure 1644565954814 2.05 distance 1644565954814 0.5` Sample output: `1) OK 2) OK 3) OK`

Index filtering syntax

Skeys can be filtered by label. The following syntax is used for filter conditions.

Note

When you specify a filter condition, you can use one or more of the following commands and you must use one of the EQ, CONTAINS, and LIST_MATCH logics.

Filter command	Description	Logic
`L = V`	The label L equals V.	EQ (equals)
`L !=`	The label L is not NULL, which indicates that the skey contains label L.	CONTAINS
`L = (v1,v2,...)`	The label L is v1, v2, or another value.	LIST_TMATCH
`L != V`	The label L does not equal V.	NOEQ (equals)
`L =`	The label L is NULL, which indicates that the skey does not contain label L.	NOCONTAINS
`L != (v1,v2,...)`	The value of label L does not match any of the values in the list, such as v1 or v2.	LIST_NOTMATCH

Aggregation syntax

In aggregation operations, data that exists during an interval specified by the timeBucket parameter is aggregated. The following aggregation types are supported.

MAX: returns the maximum value.
MIN: returns the minimum value.
AVG: returns the average value.
SUM: returns the sum of all values.
FIRST: returns the first value.
LAST: returns the last value.
RANGE: returns the range from the minimum value to the maximum value.
COUNT: returns the number of values.
STD.P: returns the population variance.
STD.S: returns the sample variance.
VAR.P: returns the population standard deviation.
VAR.S: returns the sample standard deviation.

FAQ

Q: Why is the default value of CHUNK_SIZE relatively small in some Tair DRAM-based instances that are compatible with Redis 5.0?
A: Starting with version 25.2.0.0, CHUNK_SIZE is set to 256 by default. In previous versions, CHUNK_SIZE is set to 32 by default.