AnalyticDB for MySQL is a real-time online analytical processing (OLAP) service that is developed by Alibaba Cloud for online data analysis with high concurrency. AnalyticDB for MySQL can analyze petabytes of data from multiple dimensions at millisecond-level timing to provide you with data-driven insights into your business. This topic describes how to synchronize data from a PolarDB for MySQL cluster to an AnalyticDB for MySQL cluster by using Data Transmission Service (DTS). After you synchronize data, you can use AnalyticDB for MySQL to build internal business intelligence (BI) systems, interactive query systems, and real-time reporting systems.

Prerequisites

  • An AnalyticDB for MySQL cluster is created. For more information, see Create an AnalyticDB for MySQL cluster .
  • The destination AnalyticDB for MySQL cluster has sufficient storage space.
  • The binary logging feature is enabled for the PolarDB for MySQL cluster. For more information, see Enable binary logging.

Precautions

  • DTS uses read and write resources of the source and destination databases during initial full data synchronization. This may increase the loads of the database servers. If the database performance or specifications are unfavorable, or the data volume is large, database services may become unavailable. For example, DTS occupies a large amount of read and write resources in the following cases: a large number of slow SQL queries are performed on the source database, the tables have no primary keys, or a deadlock occurs in the destination database. Before you synchronize data, evaluate the impact of data synchronization on the performance of the source and destination databases. We recommend that you synchronize data during off-peak hours. For example, you can synchronize data when the CPU utilization of the source and destination databases is less than 30%.
  • We recommend that you do not use gh-ost or pt-online-schema-change to perform DDL operations on the required objects during data synchronization. Otherwise, data may fail to be synchronized.
  • Due to the limits of AnalyticDB for MySQL, if the disk space usage of the nodes in an AnalyticDB for MySQL cluster reaches 80%, the cluster is locked. We recommend that you estimate the required disk space based on the objects to be synchronized. You must make sure that the destination cluster has sufficient storage space.
  • Prefix indexes cannot be synchronized. If the source database contains prefix indexes, data may fail to be synchronized.

Billing

Synchronization typeTask configuration fee
Schema synchronization and full data synchronizationFree of charge.
Incremental data synchronizationCharged. For more information, see Billing overview.

SQL operations that can be synchronized

  • DDL operations: CREATE TABLE, DROP TABLE, RENAME TABLE, TRUNCATE TABLE, ADD COLUMN, DROP COLUMN, and MODIFY COLUMN
  • DML operations: INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE
Note If the data type of a field in the source table is changed during data synchronization, an error message is reported and the data synchronization task is interrupted. For more information about how to handle this issue, see the "Troubleshoot the synchronization failure that occurs due to field type changes" section of the Troubleshoot the synchronization failure that occurs due to field type changes topic.

Permissions required for database accounts

DatabaseRequired permission
PolarDB for MySQL clusterRead permissions on the objects to be synchronized
AnalyticDB for MySQLRead and write permissions on the required objects

For more information about how to create and authorize a database account, see Create a database account for a PolarDB for MySQL cluster and Create a database account for an AnalyticDB for MySQL cluster.

Data type mappings

For more information, see Data type mappings for schema synchronization.

Procedure

  1. Purchase a DTS instance. For more information, see Purchase a data synchronization instance.
    Note On the buy page, set Source Instance to PolarDB, set Target Instance to AnalyticDB for MySQL, and set Synchronization Topology to One-way Synchronization.
  2. Log on to the DTS console.
    Note If you are redirected to the Data Management (DMS) console, you can click the old icon in the lower-right corner to go to the previous version of the DTS console.
  3. In the left-side navigation pane, click Data Synchronization.
  4. In the upper part of the Data Synchronization Tasks page, select the region in which the destination instance resides.
  5. Find the data synchronization instance and click Configure Task in the Actions column.
  6. Configure the source and destination clusters.
    Configure the source and destination clusters
    SectionParameterDescription
    N/ASynchronization Task NameThe task name that DTS automatically generates. We recommend that you specify a descriptive name that makes it easy to identify the task. You do not need to use a unique task name.
    Source Instance DetailsInstance TypeThis parameter is set to PolarDB Instance and cannot be changed.
    Instance RegionThe source region that you selected on the buy page. You cannot change the value of this parameter.
    PolarDB Instance IDThe ID of the source PolarDB for MySQL cluster.
    Database AccountThe database account of the source cluster. For information about the permissions that are required for the account, see Permissions required for database accounts.
    Database PasswordThe password of the database account.
    Destination Instance DetailsInstance TypeThis parameter is set to AnalyticDB and cannot be changed.
    Instance RegionThe destination region that you selected on the buy page. You cannot change the value of this parameter.
    VersionSelect 3.0.
    DatabaseThe ID of the destination AnalyticDB for MySQL cluster.
    Database AccountThe account of the AnalyticDB for MySQL database. For information about the permissions that are required for the account, see Permissions required for database accounts.
    Database PasswordThe password of the database account.
  7. In the lower-right corner of the page, click Set Whitelist and Next.
    Note
    • You do not need to modify the security settings for ApsaraDB instances (such as ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL and ApsaraDB for MongoDB) and ECS-hosted databases. DTS automatically adds the CIDR blocks of DTS servers to the whitelists of ApsaraDB instances or the security group rules of Elastic Compute Service (ECS) instances. For more information, see Add the CIDR blocks of DTS servers to the security settings of on-premises databases.
    • After data synchronization is complete, we recommend that you remove the CIDR blocks of DTS servers from the whitelists or security groups.
  8. Select the synchronization policy and the objects to be synchronized.
    Select the synchronization policy and the objects to be synchronized
    Parameter or settingDescription
    Select the initial synchronization typesYou must select both Initial Schema Synchronization and Initial Full Data Synchronization in most cases. After the precheck is complete, DTS synchronizes the schema and data of required objects from the source instance to the destination cluster. The schema and data are the basis for subsequent incremental synchronization.
    Processing Mode In Existed Target Table
    • Precheck and Report Errors: checks whether the source and destination databases contain tables that share the same names. If the destination database does not contain tables that have the same names as those in the source database, the precheck is passed. Otherwise, an error is returned during precheck and the data synchronization task cannot be started.
      Note You can use the object name mapping feature to rename the tables that are synchronized to the destination database. If the source and destination databases contain identical table names and the tables in the destination database cannot be deleted or renamed, you can use this feature. For more information, see Rename an object to be synchronized.
    • Ignore Errors and Proceed: skips the precheck for identical table names in the source and destination databases.
      Warning If you select Ignore Errors and Proceed, data inconsistency may occur and your business may be exposed to potential risks.
      • If the source and destination databases have the same schema, DTS does not synchronize data records that have the same primary keys as data records in the destination database.
      • If the source and destination databases have different schemas, initial data migration may fail. In this case, only specific columns are migrated, or the data migration task fails.
    Merge Multi Tables
    • If you select Yes, DTS adds the __dts_data_source column to each table to store data sources. In this case, DDL operations cannot be synchronized.
    • No is selected by default. In this case, DDL operations can be synchronized.
    Note If you set this parameter to Yes, all of the selected source tables in the task are merged into a destination table. If you want to merge only part of the source tables, you can create two data synchronization tasks.
    Select the operation types to be synchronizedSelect the types of operations that you want to synchronize based on your business requirements. All operation types are selected by default. For more information, see SQL operations that can be synchronized.
    Select the objects to be synchronized

    Select one or more objects from the Available section and click the Rightwards arrow icon to add the objects to the Selected section.

    You can select tables or databases as the objects to be synchronized.

    Note
    • If you select a database as the object to be synchronized, all schema changes in the database are synchronized to the destination database.
    • If you select a table as the object to be synchronized, only the ADD COLUMN operations that are performed on the table are synchronized to the destination database.
    • By default, after an object is synchronized to the destination database, the name of the object remains unchanged. You can use the object name mapping feature to rename the objects that are synchronized to the destination cluster. For more information, see Rename an object to be synchronized.
    Rename Databases and Tables

    You can use the object name mapping feature to rename the objects that are synchronized to the destination instance. For more information, see Object name mapping.

    Replicate Temporary Tables When DMS Performs DDL Operations
    If you use Data Management (DMS) to perform online DDL operations on the source database, you can specify whether to synchronize temporary tables generated by online DDL operations.
    • Yes: DTS synchronizes the data of temporary tables generated by online DDL operations.
      Note If online DDL operations generate a large amount of data, the data synchronization task may be delayed.
    • No: DTS does not synchronize the data of temporary tables generated by online DDL operations. Only the original DDL data of the source database is synchronized.
      Note If you select No, the tables in the destination database may be locked.
    Retry Time for Failed Connections
    By default, if DTS fails to connect to the source or destination database, DTS retries within the next 720 minutes (12 hours). You can specify the retry time based on your needs. If DTS reconnects to the source and destination databases within the specified time, DTS resumes the data synchronization task. Otherwise, the data synchronization task fails.
    Note When DTS retries a connection, you are charged for the DTS instance. We recommend that you specify the retry time based on your business needs. You can also release the DTS instance at your earliest opportunity after the source and destination instances are released.
  9. In the lower-right corner of the page, click Next.
  10. Specify a type for the tables that you want to synchronize to the destination database.
    Specify a table type
    Note After you select Initial Schema Synchronization, you must specify the type, primary key column, and partition key column for the tables that you want to synchronize to the destination AnalyticDB for MySQL cluster. For more information, see CREATE TABLE.
  11. In the lower-right corner of the page, click Precheck.
    Note
    • Before you can start the data synchronization task, DTS performs a precheck. You can start the data synchronization task only after the task passes the precheck.
    • If the task fails to pass the precheck, click the Info icon icon next to each failed item to view details.
      • After you troubleshoot the issues based on the causes, run a precheck again.
      • If you do not need to troubleshoot the issues, ignore failed items and run a precheck again.
  12. Close the Precheck dialog box after the following message is displayed: Precheck Passed. Then, the data synchronization task starts.
  13. Wait until initial synchronization is complete and the data synchronization task enters the Synchronizing state.
    You can view the status of the data synchronization task on the Synchronization Tasks page. View the status of a data synchronization task