Request body modelstring(Required) The model name. Supported models: Qwen Large Language Model (commercial and open source versions), Qwen-VL, Qwen-Coder, Qwen-Omni, Qwen-Math, DeepSeek, Kimi, GLM, and MiniMax. For specific model names and billing details, see the Model Studio console. messagesarray(Required) The context passed to the large language model, arranged in conversational order. Message type System Messageobject(Optional) A system message that defines the role, tone, task, or constraints for the large language model. It is usually the first element in the messages array.
Do not set a system message for QwQ models. System messages have no effect on QVQ models.
Properties contentstring(Required) The system instruction. It specifies the model's role, behavior, response style, and task constraints. rolestring(Required) The role for the system message. The value is fixed to system. User Messageobject(Required) The user message. It passes questions, instructions, or context to the model. Properties contentstring or array(Required) The message content. The type is string if the input is text only. The type is array if the input contains multimodal data such as images, or if explicit caching is enabled. Properties for multimodal models or when explicit caching is enabled typestring(Required) Valid values:
-
text
Set to text for text input.
-
image_url
Set to image_url for image input.
-
input_audio
Set to input_audio for audio input.
-
video
Set to video for video input as a list of images.
-
video_url
Set to video_url for video file input.
Only some Qwen-VL models support video file input. For more information, see Video understanding (Qwen-VL). QVQ and Qwen-Omni models support direct video file input.
textstring The input text. This parameter is required when type is text. image_urlobject The input image information. This parameter is required when type is image_url. input_audioobject The input audio information. This parameter is required when type is input_audio. Properties data string(Required) The URL or Base64-encoded Data URL of the audio. To pass a local file, see Input a Base64-encoded local file. formatstring(Required) The format of the input audio, such as mp3 or wav. videoarray The input video information, provided as a list of images. This parameter is required when type is video. For more information about its usage, see Video understanding (Qwen-VL), Video understanding (QVQ), or Video understanding (Qwen-Omni). Example value: [
"https://help-static-aliyun-doc.aliyuncs.com/file-manage-files/zh-CN/20241108/xzsgiz/football1.jpg",
"https://help-static-aliyun-doc.aliyuncs.com/file-manage-files/zh-CN/20241108/tdescd/football2.jpg",
"https://help-static-aliyun-doc.aliyuncs.com/file-manage-files/zh-CN/20241108/zefdja/football3.jpg",
"https://help-static-aliyun-doc.aliyuncs.com/file-manage-files/zh-CN/20241108/aedbqh/football4.jpg"
]
video_urlobject The input video file information. This parameter is required when type is video_url. Qwen-VL can only understand the visual information of video files, while Qwen-Omni can understand both visual and audio information. fpsfloat(Optional) The number of frames to extract per second. Valid values: [0.1, 10]. Default value: 2.0.
The valid range for MiniMax/MiniMax-M3 is [0.2, 5], and the default value is 1.
Feature description The fps parameter has two functions:
-
When you input a video file, it controls the frame extraction frequency. One frame is extracted every 1/fps seconds.
This applies to Qwen-VL, QVQ models.
-
It informs the model of the time interval between adjacent frames to help it better understand the video's progression over time. This applies to both video file and image list inputs. This feature is suitable for scenarios such as event time localization or segmented content summarization.
Supported by Qwen3.7, Qwen3.6, Qwen3.5, Qwen3-VL, Qwen2.5-VL, Qwen3.8-Omni-Flash, Qwen3.5-Omni, and QVQ models.
A larger fps value is suitable for high-speed motion scenarios, such as sports events or action movies. A smaller fps value is suitable for long videos or scenes with static content. Example values
- Input for an image list:
{"video":["https://xx1.jpg",...,"https://xxn.jpg"],"fps":2}
- Video file input:
{"video": "https://xx1.mp4", "fps":2}
min_pixelsinteger(Optional) Sets the minimum pixel threshold for input images or video frames. If an input's pixel count is less than min_pixels, it is enlarged until its total pixel count is greater than min_pixels. See the supported models and values below. Value range
-
Image input:
qwen3.8-max, qwen3.8-max-0902, qwen3.8-flash, qwen3.8-2.4t-a95b, qwen3.8-27b, Qwen3.7, Qwen3.6, Qwen3.5, Qwen3-VL: Default and minimum value: 65536
qwen3.8-omni-flash, Qwen3.5-Omni: Default and minimum value: 24576
qwen-vl-max, qwen-vl-max-0813, qwen-vl-plus, qwen-vl-plus-0815: Default and minimum value: 4096
- Other
qwen-vl-plus models, other qwen-vl-max models, Qwen2.5-VL open source series, and QVQ series models: Default and minimum value: 3136
-
Video file or image list input:
qwen3.8-max, qwen3.8-max-0902, qwen3.8-flash, qwen3.8-2.4t-a95b, qwen3.8-27b, qwen3.8-omni-flash, Qwen3.7, Qwen3.6, Qwen3.5, Qwen3.5-Omni, Qwen3-VL (including commercial and open source versions), qwen-vl-max, qwen-vl-max-0813, qwen-vl-plus, qwen-vl-plus-0815: Default value: 65536. Minimum value: 4096
- Other
qwen-vl-plus models, other qwen-vl-max models, Qwen2.5-VL open source series, and QVQ series models: Default value: 50176. Minimum value: 3136
Example values
- Image input:
{"type": "image_url","image_url": {"url":"https://xxxx.jpg"},"min_pixels": 65536}
- Video file input:
{"type": "video_url","video_url": {"url":"https://xxxx.mp4"},"min_pixels": 65536}
- Image list input:
{"type": "video","video": ["https://xx1.jpg",...,"https://xxn.jpg"],"min_pixels": 65536}
max_pixelsinteger(Optional) Specifies the maximum pixel threshold for input images or video frames. If the pixel count of an input image or video is within the [min_pixels, max_pixels] range, the model processes the original image. If the pixel count is greater than max_pixels, the image is scaled down until its pixel count is less than or equal to max_pixels. See the supported models and values below. Example values
- Image input:
{"type": "image_url","image_url": {"url":"https://xxxx.jpg"},"max_pixels": 8388608}
- Video file input:
{"type": "video_url","video_url": {"url":"https://xxxx.mp4"},"max_pixels": 655360}
- Image list input:
{"type": "video","video": ["https://xx1.jpg",...,"https://xxn.jpg"],"max_pixels": 655360}
total_pixelsinteger(Optional) Limits the total pixel count of all frames extracted from a video, which is calculated as (pixels per frame × total frames). If the total pixel count of the video exceeds this limit, the system scales down the video frames. The system ensures that the pixel count of a single frame remains within the [min_pixels, max_pixels] range. See the supported models and values below. For long videos with many extracted frames, you can reduce this value to decrease token consumption and processing time, but this may result in a loss of image detail. Value range
qwen3.8-max, qwen3.8-max-0902, qwen3.8-flash, qwen3.8-2.4t-a95b, qwen3.8-27b, Qwen3.7 series, Qwen3.6 series, Qwen3.5 series: Default and maximum value: 819200000. This corresponds to 800000 image tokens (1 image token per 32×32 pixels).
Qwen3-VL closed-source series, qwen3-vl-235b-a22b-thinking, qwen3-vl-235b-a22b-instruct: Default and maximum value: 134217728. This corresponds to 131072 image tokens (1 image token per 32×32 pixels).
qwen3.8-omni-flash, Qwen3.5-Omni: Default and minimum value: 184549376. This corresponds to 180224 image tokens (1 image token per 32×32 pixels).
- Other
Qwen3-VL open source models, qwen-vl-max, qwen-vl-max-0813, qwen-vl-plus, qwen-vl-plus-0815: Default and minimum value: 67108864. This corresponds to 65536 image tokens (1 image token per 32×32 pixels).
- Other
qwen-vl-plus models, other qwen-vl-max models, Qwen2.5-VL open source series, and QVQ series models: Default and minimum value: 51380224. This corresponds to 65536 image tokens (1 image token per 28×28 pixels).
Example values
- Video file input:
{"type": "video_url","video_url": {"url":"https://xxxx.mp4"},"total_pixels": 134217728}
- Image list input:
{"type": "video","video": ["https://xx1.jpg",...,"https://xxn.jpg"],"total_pixels": 134217728}
cache_controlobject(Optional) Enables explicit caching. For more information, see Explicit caching. Properties type string(Required) Only ephemeral is supported. rolestring(Required) The role for the user message. The value is fixed to user. Assistant Message object(Optional) The model's reply. It is typically passed back to the model as context in a multi-turn conversation. Properties contentstring(Optional) The text content of the model's reply. When tool_calls is included, content can be empty. Otherwise, content is required. rolestring(Required) The role for the assistant message. The value is fixed to assistant. partialboolean(Optional) Default value: false Specifies whether to enable partial mode. Valid values:
- true: Enable.
- false: Disable.
For a list of supported models, see partial mode. tool_calls array(Optional) The information about the tool and its input parameters that the model decides to call. It contains one or more objects and is obtained from the tool_calls field of the previous model response. Properties id string(Required) The ID of the tool call. type string(Required) The tool type. Currently, only function is supported. function object(Required) Tools and input parameters Properties name string(Required) The tool name. arguments string(Required) The input parameter information, as a JSON formatted string. index integer(Required) The index of this tool call in the tool_calls array. Tool Message object(Optional) The result of the tool call. Properties contentstring(Required) The output content of the tool function. It must be a string. If the tool returns structured data, such as JSON, it must be serialized into a string. rolestring(Required) The value is fixed to tool. tool_call_idstring(Required) The ID of the tool call that this message is a response to. You can obtain it from completion.choices[0].message.tool_calls[$index].id. This ID is used to associate the tool message with the corresponding tool call. streamboolean(Optional) Default value: false Specifies whether to reply in streaming output mode. For more information, see Streaming output. Valid values:
false: The model returns the complete content after generation is finished.
true: The model outputs content as it is generated. A data chunk is returned each time a part of the content is generated. You must read these chunks to assemble the complete reply.
We recommend that you set this to true to improve the user experience and reduce the risk of timeouts. NoteFor non-streaming calls, the maximum timeout is at least 300 seconds and varies by region and model. If not completed in time, the service interrupts the request and returns the generated content instead of an error. We recommend that you use streaming calls for scenarios that require long outputs. For more information, see the timeout description in Overview of text generation models. stream_optionsobject(Optional) Configuration items for streaming output. This parameter takes effect only when stream is set to true. Properties include_usageboolean(Optional) Default value: false Specifies whether to include token consumption information in the last data chunk of the response. Valid values:
true: Include.
false: Do not include.
For streaming output, token consumption information can only appear in the last data chunk of the response.
modalitiesarray(Optional) Default value: ["text"] The modality of the output data. This parameter applies only to Qwen-Omni models. For more information, see Non-real-time (Qwen-Omni). Valid values:
["text","audio"]: Output text and audio. Applies to models that support audio output.
["text"]: Output text only.
qwen3.8-omni-flash produces text only. See the Qwen3.8-Omni-Flash example.
audioobject(Optional) The voice and format of the output audio. This parameter applies to Qwen-Omni models that support audio output and requires the modalities parameter to be set to ["text","audio"]. For more information, see Non-real-time (Qwen-Omni). Properties voicestring (Required) The voice of the output audio. For more information, see Non-real-time (Qwen-Omni). formatstring (Required) The format of the output audio. Only wav is supported. temperaturefloat(Optional) The sampling temperature, which controls the diversity of the text generated by the model. A higher temperature results in more diverse text, while a lower temperature results in more deterministic text. Value range: [0, 2) Both temperature and top_p can control the diversity of the generated text. We recommend that you set only one of them. For more information, see Overview. For Qwen3.8-Omni-Flash, the default is 0.6 in thinking mode and 0.7 in non-thinking mode.
Do not modify the default temperature value for QVQ models.
top_pfloat(Optional) The probability threshold for nucleus sampling, which controls the diversity of the text generated by the model. A higher top_p results in more diverse text. A lower top_p results in more deterministic text. Value range: (0, 1.0] Both temperature and top_p can control the diversity of the generated text. We recommend that you set only one of them. For more information, see Overview. For Qwen3.8-Omni-Flash, the default is 0.95 in thinking mode and 0.8 in non-thinking mode.
Do not modify the default top_p value for QVQ models.
top_kinteger(Optional) Specifies the number of candidate tokens to sample from during generation. A larger value results in more random output, while a smaller value results in more deterministic output. If set to null or a value greater than 100, the top_k strategy is disabled, and only the top_p strategy takes effect. The value must be an integer greater than or equal to 0. Default top_k values QVQ series: 10; QwQ series: 40; models before the qwen-vl-plus series, and qwen2.5-omni-7b: 1; Qwen3-Omni-Flash series: 50; All other models: 20. GLM series (supplied by Alibaba Cloud): 20; The DeepSeek, Kimi, and MiniMax series do not support the top_k parameter.
This parameter is not a standard OpenAI parameter. When you call using the Python SDK, place it in the extra_body object. Configuration: extra_body={"top_k":xxx}.
Do not modify the default top_k value for QVQ models.
repetition_penaltyfloat(Optional) The repetition penalty for consecutive sequences during model generation. Increasing repetition_penalty can reduce repetition in the model's output. A value of 1.0 means no penalty. There is no strict value range, as long as it is greater than 0. For Qwen3.8-Omni-Flash, the default is 1.05 in both thinking and non-thinking modes.
This parameter is not a standard OpenAI parameter. When you call using the Python SDK, place it in the extra_body object. Configuration: extra_body={"repetition_penalty":xxx}.
When you use the qwen-vl-plus_2025-01-25 model for text extraction, set repetition_penalty to 1.0.
Do not modify the default repetition_penalty value for QVQ models.
presence_penalty float(Optional) Controls the content repetition when the model generates text. Value range: [-2.0, 2.0]. Positive values reduce repetition, while negative values increase it. In scenarios that require diversity, fun, or creativity, such as creative writing or brainstorming, you can increase this value. In scenarios that emphasize consistency and term accuracy, such as technical documents or formal texts, you can decrease this value. For Qwen3.8-Omni-Flash, the default is 0.0 in thinking mode and 1.5 in non-thinking mode. Default presence_penalty values the following models in non-thinking mode (qwen3.8-max, qwen3.8-max-0902, qwen3.8-flash, qwen3.8-2.4t-a95b, qwen3.8-27b), Qwen3.7 (non-thinking mode), Qwen3.6 (non-thinking mode), Qwen3.5-Omni, Qwen3.5 (non-thinking mode), qwen3-max-preview (thinking mode), Qwen3 (non-thinking mode), Qwen3-Instruct series/1.7b/4b (thinking mode), QVQ series, qwen-max, qwen2.5-vl series, qwen-vl-max series, qwen-vl-plus, Qwen3-VL (non-thinking): 1.5; qwen3-8b/14b/32b/30b-a3b/235b-a22b (thinking mode), qwen-plus/qwen-plus-latest/2025-04-28 (thinking mode), qwen-turbo/qwen-turbo/2025-04-28 (thinking mode): 0.5; All others are 0.0. DeepSeek series (supplied by Alibaba Cloud): deepseek-r1, deepseek-r1-0528, deepseek-r1-distill-qwen distilled version: 1; Kimi series (supplied by Alibaba Cloud): kimi-k2.7-code, kimi-k2.6, kimi-k2.5: 0.0; Kimi series (supplied by Moonshot AI): 0.0; MiniMax series (supplied by Alibaba Cloud): MiniMax-M2.5, MiniMax-M2.1: 0.0; Other DeepSeek, Kimi, GLM, and MiniMax models have no default value. How it works If the parameter value is positive, the model applies a penalty to tokens that already exist in the text. The penalty is not related to the number of times the token appears. This reduces the likelihood of these tokens reappearing, thus reducing content repetition and increasing word diversity. Example Prompt: Translate this sentence into Chinese: "This movie is good. The plot is good, the acting is good, the music is good, and overall, the whole movie is just good. It is really good, in fact. The plot is so good, and the acting is so good, and the music is so good." Parameter value 2.0: This movie is great. The plot is fantastic, the acting is superb, and the music is also very beautiful. Overall, the entire film is just incredible. It is actually truly outstanding. The storyline is very exciting, the performances are excellent, and the soundtrack is so moving. Parameter value 0.0: This movie is good. The plot is good, the acting is good, and the music is good. Overall, the whole movie is very good. In fact, it is really great. The plot is very good, the acting is also very excellent, and the music is equally outstanding. Parameter value -2.0: This movie is good. The plot is good, the acting is good, and the music is good. Overall, the whole movie is good. In fact, it is really good. The plot is very good, the acting is very good, and the music is very good.
When you use the qwen-vl-plus model for text extraction, set presence_penalty to 1.5.
Do not modify the default presence_penalty value for QVQ models.
response_formatobject (Optional) Default value: {"type": "text"} The format of the response. Valid values:
{"type": "text"}: Outputs a text reply.
{"type": "json_object"}: Outputs a standard JSON formatted string.
{"type": "json_schema", "json_schema": {...}}: Outputs a JSON string that strictly conforms to the specified JSON Schema, which gives you precise control over the output structure and field types.
For more information, see Structured output. The json_object and json_schema modes support different models. For more information, see Supported models.
If you specify {"type": "json_object"}, you must explicitly instruct the model to output JSON in the prompt, such as "Please output in JSON format". Otherwise, an error occurs. If you specify {"type": "json_schema", ...}, the prompt does not need to contain the JSON keyword.
Properties typestring(Required) The format of the returned content. Valid values:
text: Outputs a text reply.
json_object: Outputs a standard JSON formatted string.
json_schema: Outputs a JSON string that strictly conforms to the structure defined by the json_schema field.
json_schemaobject(Optional) Required when type is json_schema. Defines the JSON structure that the model output must follow. For more information, see Getting structured output.
When you use the parse method of the OpenAI SDK, you can pass in a Python Pydantic class or a Node.js Zod object directly. The SDK converts it to a JSON Schema automatically, so you do not need to construct one manually.
Properties namestring(Required) The name of the schema. schemaobject(Required) The JSON Schema object that describes the output structure. Use properties to define the field structure, required to list the required fields, and additionalProperties to control whether fields that are not defined in the schema can be returned. We recommend that you set additionalProperties to false so that only defined fields are returned. Supported data types: string, number, integer, boolean, object, array, and enum. For more information, see Configuration guide. strictboolean(Optional) Specifies whether to strictly follow the structure defined by schema. We recommend that you set this parameter to true. max_tokensinteger(Optional, to be deprecated)
This parameter will be deprecated. For new integrations, use max_completion_tokens.
The meaning of this parameter varies by model:
- deepseek-v4.1-flash, deepseek-v4-pro, deepseek-v4-pro-0813, deepseek-v4-flash, deepseek-v4-flash-0731: The maximum number of tokens for the sum of the model's answer and chain-of-thought content. If the model's output exceeds this value, generation stops early, and the returned
finish_reason is length.
- glm-5.3:
max_tokens is the maximum number of tokens for the sum of the model's answer and chain-of-thought content. If the model's output exceeds this value, generation stops early and the returned finish_reason is length. glm-5.3 ignores the thinking_budget parameter.
- glm-5.2: When the
thinking_budget parameter is not passed, max_tokens is the maximum number of tokens for the sum of the model's answer and chain-of-thought content, and if the model's output exceeds this value, generation stops early with the returned finish_reason being length. When the thinking_budget parameter is passed, max_tokens is the maximum number of tokens for the model's answer only, and the number of tokens for the chain-of-thought part is controlled separately by thinking_budget.
- Other models: The maximum number of tokens for the model's answer (excluding chain-of-thought). If the generated content exceeds this value, generation stops early, and the returned
finish_reason is length.
The default and maximum values are both the model's maximum output length. max_completion_tokensinteger(Optional) The maximum length of the model's output, including the chain-of-thought and the model's answer. If the model's output exceeds this value, generation stops early, and the returned finish_reason is length. The default and maximum values are both the model's maximum output length. Difference from max_tokens: max_completion_tokens limits the complete model output (chain-of-thought + answer), while max_tokens only limits the answer part. For thinking models, we recommend that you use max_completion_tokens. The following models are supported:
- Qwen Max: Qwen3.7-Max and later models
- Qwen Plus: Qwen3.5-Plus and later models
- Qwen Flash: Qwen3.5-Flash and later models
- Kimi: kimi-k2.5 and later models
- GLM: glm-5 and later models
- MiniMax: MiniMax-M2.5 and later models
- DeepSeek: deepseek-v3, deepseek-r1, deepseek-r1-0528, deepseek-v3.1, deepseek-v3.2, deepseek-v3.2-exp, deepseek-v4-pro, deepseek-v4-flash, and later models
The models listed above do not include models supplied directly by third parties.
There may be a difference of up to 10 tokens between the actual output token count and the specified max_completion_tokens value.
vl_high_resolution_imagesboolean(Optional) Default value: false Specifies whether to increase the pixel limit for input images to the pixel count that corresponds to 16384 tokens. For more information, see Processing high-resolution images.
-
vl_high_resolution_images: true uses a fixed resolution strategy and ignores the max_pixels setting. If the resolution is exceeded, the total pixel count of the image is scaled down to stay within this limit.
Click to view the pixel limits for each model When vl_high_resolution_images is True, the pixel limits vary by model:
- For the
qwen3.8-max, qwen3.8-max-0902, qwen3.8-flash, qwen3.8-2.4t-a95b, qwen3.8-27b, qwen3.8-omni-flash, Qwen3.7 series, Qwen3.6 series, Qwen3.5 series, Qwen3-VL series, qwen-vl-max, qwen-vl-max-0813, qwen-vl-plus, qwen-vl-plus-0815, and models, the value is 16777216. (Each Token corresponds to 32*32 pixels. The total value is calculated as 16384*32*32.)
QVQ series, other Qwen2.5-VL series models: 12845056 (1 token corresponds to 28*28 pixels, which is 16384*28*28)
-
vl_high_resolution_images is false, the pixel limit is determined by max_pixels. If the input image's pixel count exceeds max_pixels, the image is scaled down to within the max_pixels limit. The default pixel limit for each model is the default value of max_pixels.
This parameter is not a standard OpenAI parameter. When you call using the Python SDK, place it in the extra_body object. Configuration: extra_body={"vl_high_resolution_images":xxx}.
ninteger(Optional) Default value: 1 The number of responses to generate. The value range is 1-4. This is suitable for scenarios that require multiple candidate responses, such as creative writing or ad copy.
Only supported by Qwen3 (non-thinking mode) models.
If the tools parameter is passed, set n to 1.
Increasing n increases the output token consumption but not the input token consumption.
enable_thinking boolean (Optional) When you use a mixed-thinking model, which supports both thinking and non-thinking modes, this parameter specifies whether to enable thinking mode. This applies to Qwen3.7, Qwen3.6, Qwen3.5, Qwen3, Qwen3-Omni-Flash, and Qwen3-VL models, along with the DeepSeek-V4.1-Flash, DeepSeek-V4-Pro/V4-Flash series, DeepSeek-V3.2/V3.2-exp/V3.1 series, Kimi-K2.7-code (thinking model only), Kimi-K2.6/K2.5 series, and GLM series. The DeepSeek-V4 series enables thinking by default. You can adjust the inference intensity with the reasoning_effort parameter. Valid values:
-
true: Enable
When enabled, the thinking content is returned in the reasoning_content field.
-
false: Disable
Default values for different models: Supported models
This parameter is not a standard OpenAI parameter. When you call using the Python SDK, place it in the extra_body object. Configuration: extra_body={"enable_thinking": xxx}.
If you call over HTTP directly (for example, with curl) instead of using the OpenAI SDK, do not use extra_body. Simply place enable_thinking at the top level of the request body (body), alongside parameters such as model and messages, for example "enable_thinking": true.
The MiniMax and MiniMax-M3 models from Xiyu Technology do not use this parameter. Instead, use the thinking parameter.
thinking object (Optional) Default value: {"type":"adaptive"} Controls the thinking mode of MiniMax/MiniMax-M3 supplied by MiniMax. thinking.type valid values:
adaptive: Automatic (default). The model decides whether to think.
disabled: Disables thinking and replies directly.
This parameter is not a standard OpenAI parameter. When you call using the Python SDK, place it in the extra_body object. Configuration: extra_body={"thinking": {"type": "adaptive"}}.
preserve_thinking boolean (Optional) Default value: false (Default value for qwen3.8-max/qwen3.8-flash:true) Specifies whether to append the reasoning_content from assistant messages in the conversation history to the model input. This is suitable for scenarios where the model needs to refer to the historical thinking process. To reference reasoning from a previous turn, include it in the historical assistant message's reasoning_content field in messages. See Pass the thinking process. Currently supported by qwen3.7-max, qwen3.7-max-2026-05-20 and subsequent snapshots, qwen3.6-max-preview, qwen3.7-plus, qwen3.7-plus-2026-05-26, qwen3.6-plus, qwen3.6-plus-2026-04-02, qwen3.7-flash, qwen3.7-flash-2026-07-15, qwen3.6-flash, qwen3.6-flash-2026-04-16, qwen3.8-max series (enabled by default), qwen3.8-flash (enabled by default), qwen3.8-omni-flash (enabled by default), kimi-k2.6 (deployed on Alibaba Cloud Model Studio), kimi-k2.7-code (deployed on Alibaba Cloud Model Studio, enabled by default), kimi/kimi-k2.7-code-highspeed (supplied by Moonshot AI, enabled by default), and kimi/kimi-k2.7-code (supplied by Moonshot AI, enabled by default).
Important (qwen3.8-max/qwen3.8-flash): When using qwen3.8-max/qwen3.8-flash, preserve_thinking defaults to true. You must send back all historical reasoning_content in the reasoning_content field. Do NOT concatenate reasoning_content into the content field. Doing so may degrade model performance.
- For the supported
qwen3.8-max, qwen3.8-max-0902, qwen3.8-flash, Qwen3.7, Qwen3.6, and Kimi models listed above, enabling this parameter when historical messages lack reasoning_content does not cause an error.
- When enabled, the reasoning_content from the historical conversation is included in the input token count and is billed.
This parameter is not a standard OpenAI parameter. When you call using the Python SDK, place it in the extra_body object. Configuration: extra_body={"preserve_thinking": True}.
thinking_budget integer (Optional) The maximum number of tokens for the thinking process. This applies to the qwen3.8-max, qwen3.8-max-0902, qwen3.8-flash, qwen3.8-2.4t-a95b, qwen3.8-27b, as well as Qwen3.7, Qwen3.6, Qwen3.5, Qwen3-VL, Qwen3, GLM and Kimi models, except kimi-k3, which does not support this parameter. For more information, see Limit thinking length. For these models, the default value is the model's maximum chain-of-thought length. For more information, see the model list.
This parameter is not a standard OpenAI parameter. When you call using the Python SDK, place it in the extra_body object. Configuration: extra_body={"thinking_budget": xxx}.
use_multichannel boolean (optional) Controls whether spatial information in multichannel audio is parsed. Applies to audio input for qwen3.8-omni-flash. Defaults to false, which parses all audio as mono. When true and the input has two channels (left and right) or four channels (FOA, in WYZX order), the model parses spatial audio information. Set it at the top level of the HTTP request body, or pass extra_body={"use_multichannel": True} with the OpenAI Python SDK. reasoning_effort string (Optional) Controls the inference intensity of models. The valid values and default values vary by model. DeepSeek-V4 and GLM series (Default value: high) Valid values:
high: High-intensity inference
max: Maximum-intensity inference
low and medium are mapped to high, and xhigh is mapped to max. This applies to glm-5.2, glm-5.1, glm-5, deepseek-v4-pro, and deepseek-v4-flash (excluding deepseek-v4-flash-0731). glm-5.3、ZHIPU/GLM-5.3、kimi-k3model(supplied by Alibaba Cloud): Default value:max Valid values:
max (default): deep reasoning
high: enhanced reasoning
low: light reasoning
The glm-5.3 series models always perform thinking. enable_thinking supports only true, and passing false causes the API request to fail. kimi-k3 supports passing false to disable thinking. deepseek-v4-flash-0731 & deepseek-v4-pro-0813: Default value:high Valid values:
max (default): Maximum-intensity inference
high: Standard inference
low: Low-intensity inference
OpenAI standard value mapping: medium is mapped to high, xhigh is mapped to high. deepseek-v4.1-flash: Default value:high Valid values:
max: Maximum-intensity inference
high (default): High-intensity inference
low: Low-intensity inference
minimal is mapped to low, medium and xhigh are mapped to high, and ultra is mapped to max.
kimi/kimi-k3 (Default value: max; only max is supported) Valid value:
max: Maximum-intensity inference
qwen3.8-max, qwen3.8-max-0902, qwen3.8-flash, qwen3.8-2.4t-a95b, qwen3.8-27b: Default value:xhigh
Valid values:
xhigh (default): Maximum-intensity inference
medium: Standard inference
low: Low-intensity inference
OpenAI standard value mapping: max is mapped to xhigh, high is mapped to xhigh, minimal is mapped to low, and none is mapped to enable_thinking=False.
Setting values other than the above valid values and mapped values will cause an error.
For the qwen3.8-max, qwen3.8-max-0902, qwen3.8-flash, qwen3.8-2.4t-a95b, qwen3.8-27b, reasoning_effort and thinking_budget cannot be set at the same time. Setting both will cause an error. However, they support mutual conversion:
- When thinking_budget is not set, the reasoning_effort levels are automatically mapped to thinking_budget:
low corresponds to 4096, medium corresponds to 16384, and xhigh corresponds to 262144.
- When reasoning_effort is not set, thinking_budget is automatically mapped back to reasoning_effort: 0–4096 corresponds to
low, 4097–16384 corresponds to medium, and 16385–262144 corresponds to xhigh.
- When neither is set, the default thinking_budget (131072) and default reasoning_effort (xhigh) are used.
Qwen3.8-Omni-Flashqwen3.8-omni-flash has thinking enabled by default, with reasoning_effort defaulting to xhigh. In Chat Completions, reasoning_effort accepts none, minimal, low, medium, high, xhigh, and max; do not set it together with thinking_budget. For parameter placement and examples, see Qwen3.8 Omni.
Choose low, medium, or xhigh for the thinking effort. For compatibility, minimal maps to low, high and max map to xhigh, and none disables thinking.
reasoning_effort is a standard OpenAI parameter. With the Python SDK, pass reasoning_effort="high" directly instead of placing it in extra_body.
tool_stream boolean (Optional) Default value: false Takes effect only when stream=true. This parameter is currently supported only by Qwen and GLM series. Qwen series support list:
- qwen-max series: text modality of the qwen3.8-max and qwen3.7-max series
- qwen-plus series: text modality of the qwen3.7-plus and qwen3.6-plus series, and omni-modality of the qwen3.5-plus series
- qwen-flash series: omni-modality of the qwen3.8-flash, qwen3.7-flash, qwen3.6-flash and qwen3.5-flash series
Qwen series usage reference:tool_stream only affects complex tool parameters. For normal tool parameters, streaming output is enabled as long as stream=true. Complex tools are tools where some parameter types in the tool definition are array or object.
tool_stream=false: Complex tool parameters are output at once. This is the default behavior, and complex formats are more accurate.
tool_stream=true: Complex tool parameters are output in a stream, which avoids timeout risks for complex formats.
GLM series support list: glm-4.6, glm-4.7, glm-5, and glm-5.1. GLM series usage reference:
tool_stream=false: Tool parameters are output at once. This is the default behavior, and complex formats are more accurate.
tool_stream=true: Tool parameters are output in a stream, which avoids timeout risks for complex formats.
This parameter is not a standard OpenAI parameter. When you call using the Python SDK, place it in the extra_body object. Configuration: extra_body={"tool_stream": true}.
enable_code_interpreter boolean (Optional) Default value: false Specifies whether to enable the code interpreter feature. For more information, see Code interpreter. Valid values:
true: Enable
false: Disable
This parameter is not a standard OpenAI parameter. When you call using the Python SDK, place it in the extra_body object. Configuration: extra_body={"enable_code_interpreter": xxx}.
seedinteger(Optional) A random number seed. This parameter is used to ensure reproducible results with the same input and parameters. If you pass the same seed value in a call and other parameters remain unchanged, the model returns the same result as much as possible. Value range: [0,2<sup>31</sup>−1]. logprobs boolean (Optional) Default value: false Specifies whether to return the log probabilities of the output tokens. Valid values:
-
true
Return
-
false
Do not return
Content generated during the thinking phase (reasoning_content) does not return log probabilities.
Supported models
- Snapshot models of the qwen-plus series (excluding stable version models)
- Snapshot models of the qwen-turbo series (excluding stable version models)
- qwen3-vl-plus series models (including stable version models)
- qwen3-vl-flash series models (including stable version models)
- Qwen3 open source models
top_logprobs integer (Optional) Default value: 0 Specifies the number of most likely candidate tokens to return at each generation step. Value range: [0, 5] This parameter takes effect only when logprobs is true. stopstring or array(Optional) Used to specify stop words. When a string or token_id specified in stop appears in the generated text, generation stops immediately. You can pass sensitive words to control the model's output.
When stop is an array, you cannot input both token_id and strings as elements. For example, you cannot specify ["Hello",104307].
toolsarray(Optional) An array that contains one or more tool objects for the model to call in Function Calling. For more information, see Function calling. If tools is set and the model determines that a tool needs to be called, the response returns tool information in tool_calls. Properties typestring(Required) The tool type. Currently, only function is supported. functionobject(Required) Properties namestring(Required) The tool name. Only letters, numbers, underscores (_), and hyphens (-) are allowed. The maximum length is 64 tokens. descriptionstring(Required) The tool description, which helps the model determine when and how to call the tool. parametersobject(Optional) Default value: {} The parameter description for the tool, which must be a valid JSON Schema. For a description of JSON Schema, see the link. If the parameters parameter is empty, the tool has no input parameters, such as a time query tool.
To improve the accuracy of tool calls, we recommend that you pass parameters.
tool_choice string or object(Optional) Default value: auto The tool selection strategy. To force a specific tool calling method for a certain type of problem, such as always using a specific tool or disabling all tools, you can set this parameter. Valid values:
-
auto
The large language model chooses the tool strategy.
-
none
If you do not want to call a tool, you can set the tool_choice parameter to none.
-
required
To force at least one tool to be called, set the tool_choice parameter to required, and the model will always return tool call information.
The Qwen series models do not support required: in non-thinking mode it cannot guarantee that a tool is always called, and in thinking mode required is not supported.
-
{"type": "function", "function": {"name": "the_function_to_call"}}
If you want to force a specific tool to be called, you can set the tool_choice parameter to {"type": "function", "function": {"name": "the_function_to_call"}}, where the_function_to_call is the name of the specified tool function.
Thinking mode models do not support forcing a specific tool to be called.
parallel_tool_calls boolean (Optional) Default value: false Specifies whether to enable parallel tool calling. For more information, see Parallel tool calling. Valid values:
true: Enable
false: Disable
enable_search boolean(Optional) Default value: false Specifies whether to enable web search. For more information, see Web search. Valid values:
-
true: Enable.
If web search is not performed after enabling, you can optimize the prompt or set the forced_search parameter in search_options to enable forced search.
-
false: Disable.
Enabling the web search feature may increase token consumption.
This parameter is not a standard OpenAI parameter. When you call using the Python SDK, place it in the extra_body object. Configuration: extra_body={"enable_search": True}.
search_optionsobject(Optional) The strategy for web search. For more information, see Web search. Properties forced_search boolean(Optional) Default value: false Specifies whether to force web search. This parameter takes effect only when enable_search is set to true. Valid values:
- true: Force enable.
- false: Do not force enable. The model decides whether to perform a web search.
search_strategy string(Optional) Default value: turbo The search strategy. This parameter takes effect only when enable_search is set to true. For qwen3.8-omni-flash, set this parameter to agent when enabling web search. Valid values:
-
turbo (Default): Balances response speed and search effectiveness. This strategy is suitable for most scenarios.
-
max: Adopts a more comprehensive search strategy. This strategy can call multi-source search engines to obtain more detailed search results, but the response time may be longer.
-
agent: Can call the web search tool and the large language model multiple times to achieve multi-turn information retrieval and content integration.
This strategy is applicable only to qwen3.5-plus, qwen3.5-plus-2026-02-15, qwen3.5-flash, qwen3.5-flash-2026-02-23, qwen3-max, qwen3-max-2026-01-23, qwen3-max-2025-09-23, qwen3.8-omni-flash, qwen3.5-omni-plus, qwen3.5-omni-plus-2026-03-15, qwen3.5-omni-flash, and qwen3.5-omni-flash-2026-03-15.
-
agent_max: Supports web scraping based on the agent strategy. For more information, see Web scraping.
This strategy is applicable only to the thinking mode of qwen3-max and qwen3-max-2026-01-23.
enable_search_extension boolean(Optional) Default value: false Specifies whether to enable vertical search. This parameter takes effect only when enable_search is set to true. Valid values:
true: Enable.
false: Disable.
This parameter is not a standard OpenAI parameter. When you call using the Python SDK, place it in the extra_body object. Configuration: extra_body={"search_options": xxx}.
clear_thinkingboolean(Optional) Default value: false Controls whether the reasoning_content (thinking process) from previous turns in a multi-turn conversation is used as context input for the model. This parameter is supported only by the GLM series models glm-5.3, glm-5.2, glm-5.1, glm-5, and glm-4.7. The default value is true for glm-5.3 and false for the other models.
This parameter is not a standard OpenAI parameter. When you call using the Python SDK, place it in the extra_body object. Configuration: extra_body={"skill": [...]}.
true: Ignores the reasoning_content from previous turns and uses only visible text, tool calls, results, and other non-inference content as context input. This can reduce the context length and cost.
false (Default): Retains the reasoning_content from previous turns and provides it to the model along with the context. If you want to enable Preserved Thinking, you must pass the historical reasoning_content completely, unmodified, and in the original order within messages. Missing, trimming, rewriting, or reordering degrades performance or causes it to fail.
| Text inputPythonimport os
from openai import OpenAI
client = OpenAI(
# If the environment variable is not configured, replace the following line with your Model Studio API key: api_key="sk-xxx"
# API keys vary by region. Get API Key: https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/model-studio/get-api-key
api_key=os.getenv("DASHSCOPE_API_KEY"),
# Replace {WorkspaceId} with your actual workspace ID. URLs vary by region.
base_url="https://{WorkspaceId}.ap-southeast-1.maas.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1",
)
completion = client.chat.completions.create(
# This example uses qwen-plus. You can replace it with another model name as needed. Model list: https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/model-studio/getting-started/models
model="qwen3.8-max",
messages=[
{"role": "system", "content": "You are a helpful assistant."},
{"role": "user", "content": "Who are you?"},
],
# extra_body={"enable_thinking": False},
)
print(completion.model_dump_json())
Java// This code uses OpenAI SDK version 2.6.0
import com.openai.client.OpenAIClient;
import com.openai.client.okhttp.OpenAIOkHttpClient;
import com.openai.models.chat.completions.ChatCompletion;
import com.openai.models.chat.completions.ChatCompletionCreateParams;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
OpenAIClient client = OpenAIOkHttpClient.builder()
// API keys vary by region. Get API Key: https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/model-studio/get-api-key
.apiKey(System.getenv("DASHSCOPE_API_KEY"))
// Replace {WorkspaceId} with your actual workspace ID. URLs vary by region.
.baseUrl("https://{WorkspaceId}.ap-southeast-1.maas.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1")
.build();
ChatCompletionCreateParams params = ChatCompletionCreateParams.builder()
.addUserMessage("Who are you?")
.model("qwen3.8-max")
.build();
try {
ChatCompletion chatCompletion = client.chat().completions().create(params);
System.out.println(chatCompletion);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("Error occurred: " + e.getMessage());
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
Node.jsimport OpenAI from "openai";
const openai = new OpenAI(
{
// If the environment variable is not configured, replace the following line with your Model Studio API key: apiKey: "sk-xxx",
// API keys vary by region. Get API Key: https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/model-studio/get-api-key
apiKey: process.env.DASHSCOPE_API_KEY,
// Replace {WorkspaceId} with your actual workspace ID. URLs vary by region.
baseURL: "https://{WorkspaceId}.ap-southeast-1.maas.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1"
}
);
async function main() {
const completion = await openai.chat.completions.create({
model: "qwen3.8-max", // This example uses qwen-plus. You can replace it with another model name as needed. Model list: https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/model-studio/getting-started/models
messages: [
{ role: "system", content: "You are a helpful assistant." },
{ role: "user", content: "Who are you?" }
],
});
console.log(JSON.stringify(completion))
}
main();
Gopackage main
import (
"context"
"os"
"github.com/openai/openai-go"
"github.com/openai/openai-go/option"
)
func main() {
client := openai.NewClient(
// API keys vary by region. Get API Key: https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/model-studio/get-api-key
option.WithAPIKey(os.Getenv("DASHSCOPE_API_KEY")), // defaults to os.LookupEnv("OPENAI_API_KEY")
// Replace {WorkspaceId} with your actual workspace ID. URLs vary by region.
option.WithBaseURL("https://{WorkspaceId}.ap-southeast-1.maas.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1/"),
)
chatCompletion, err := client.Chat.Completions.New(
context.TODO(), openai.ChatCompletionNewParams{
Messages: openai.F(
[]openai.ChatCompletionMessageParamUnion{
openai.UserMessage("Who are you?"),
},
),
Model: openai.F("qwen-plus"),
},
)
if err != nil {
panic(err.Error())
}
println(chatCompletion.Choices[0].Message.Content)
}
C# (HTTP)using System.Net.Http.Headers;
using System.Text;
class Program
{
private static readonly HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
static async Task Main(string[] args)
{
// If the environment variable is not configured, replace the following line with your Model Studio API key: string? apiKey = "sk-xxx";
// API keys vary by region. Get API Key: https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/model-studio/get-api-key
string? apiKey = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("DASHSCOPE_API_KEY");
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(apiKey))
{
Console.WriteLine("API Key not set. Make sure the 'DASHSCOPE_API_KEY' environment variable is set.");
return;
}
// Set the request URL and content
// Replace {WorkspaceId} with your actual workspace ID. URLs vary by region.
string url = "https://{WorkspaceId}.ap-southeast-1.maas.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1/chat/completions";
// This example uses qwen-plus. You can replace it with another model name as needed. Model list: https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/model-studio/getting-started/models
string jsonContent = @"{
""model"": ""qwen-plus"",
""messages"": [
{
""role"": ""system"",
""content"": ""You are a helpful assistant.""
},
{
""role"": ""user"",
""content"": ""Who are you?""
}
]
}";
// Send the request and get the response
string result = await SendPostRequestAsync(url, jsonContent, apiKey);
// Print the result
Console.WriteLine(result);
}
private static async Task<string> SendPostRequestAsync(string url, string jsonContent, string apiKey)
{
using (var content = new StringContent(jsonContent, Encoding.UTF8, "application/json"))
{
// Set request headers
httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Authorization = new AuthenticationHeaderValue("Bearer", apiKey);
httpClient.DefaultRequestHeaders.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue("application/json"));
// Send the request and get the response
HttpResponseMessage response = await httpClient.PostAsync(url, content);
// Process the response
if (response.IsSuccessStatusCode)
{
return await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
}
else
{
return $"Request failed: {response.StatusCode}";
}
}
}
}
PHP (HTTP)<?php
// Set the request URL
// Replace {WorkspaceId} with your actual workspace ID. URLs vary by region.
$url = 'https://{WorkspaceId}.ap-southeast-1.maas.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1/chat/completions';
// If the environment variable is not configured, replace the following line with your Model Studio API key: $apiKey = "sk-xxx";
// API keys vary by region. Get API Key: https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/model-studio/get-api-key
$apiKey = getenv('DASHSCOPE_API_KEY');
// Set request headers
$headers = [
'Authorization: Bearer '.$apiKey,
'Content-Type: application/json'
];
// Set the request body
$data = [
// This example uses qwen-plus. You can replace it with another model name as needed. Model list: https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/model-studio/getting-started/models
"model" => "qwen-plus",
"messages" => [
[
"role" => "system",
"content" => "You are a helpful assistant."
],
[
"role" => "user",
"content" => "Who are you?"
]
]
];
// Initialize a cURL session
$ch = curl_init();
// Set cURL options
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, $url);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, json_encode($data));
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, $headers);
// Execute the cURL session
$response = curl_exec($ch);
// Check for errors
if (curl_errno($ch)) {
echo 'Curl error: ' . curl_error($ch);
}
// Close the cURL resource
curl_close($ch);
// Print the response
echo $response;
?>
curl
Replace {WorkspaceId} with your workspace ID. The URLs vary by region. You can obtain an API key at https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/model-studio/get-api-key.
curl -X POST https://{WorkspaceId}.ap-southeast-1.maas.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1/chat/completions \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $DASHSCOPE_API_KEY" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-d '{
"model": "qwen3.8-max",
"messages": [
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Who are you?"
}
]
}'
Streaming output
For more information about usage, see Streaming output.
Pythonimport os
from openai import OpenAI
client = OpenAI(
# If the environment variable is not configured, replace the following line with your Model Studio API key: api_key="sk-xxx"
# API keys vary by region. Get API Key: https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/model-studio/get-api-key
api_key=os.getenv("DASHSCOPE_API_KEY"),
base_url="https://{WorkspaceId}.ap-southeast-1.maas.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1",
)
completion = client.chat.completions.create(
model="qwen3.8-max", # This example uses qwen-plus. You can replace it with another model name as needed. Model list: https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/model-studio/getting-started/models
messages=[{'role': 'system', 'content': 'You are a helpful assistant.'},
{'role': 'user', 'content': 'Who are you?'}],
stream=True,
stream_options={"include_usage": True}
)
for chunk in completion:
print(chunk.model_dump_json())
Node.jsimport OpenAI from "openai";
const openai = new OpenAI(
{
// API keys vary by region. Get API Key: https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/model-studio/get-api-key
apiKey: process.env.DASHSCOPE_API_KEY,
baseURL: "https://{WorkspaceId}.ap-southeast-1.maas.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1"
}
);
async function main() {
const completion = await openai.chat.completions.create({
model: "qwen3.8-max", // This example uses qwen-plus. You can replace it with another model name as needed. Model list: https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/model-studio/getting-started/models
messages: [
{"role": "system", "content": "You are a helpful assistant."},
{"role": "user", "content": "Who are you?"}
],
stream: true,
});
for await (const chunk of completion) {
console.log(JSON.stringify(chunk));
}
}
main();
curl
Replace {WorkspaceId} with your workspace ID. The URLs vary by region. You can obtain an API key at https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/model-studio/get-api-key.
curl --location "https://{WorkspaceId}.ap-southeast-1.maas.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1/chat/completions" \
--header "Authorization: Bearer $DASHSCOPE_API_KEY" \
--header "Content-Type: application/json" \
--data '{
"model": "qwen3.8-max",
"messages": [
{
"role": "system",
"content": "You are a helpful assistant."
},
{
"role": "user",
"content": "Who are you?"
}
],
"stream":true
}'
Asynchronous invocationimport os
import asyncio
from openai import AsyncOpenAI
import platform
client = AsyncOpenAI(
# If the environment variable is not configured, replace the following line with your Model Studio API key: api_key="sk-xxx"
# If you use a model in the China (Beijing) region, you need to use the API KEY for the China (Beijing) region. Get the link: https://modelstudio.console.alibabacloud.com/model/settings/api-key
api_key=os.getenv("DASHSCOPE_API_KEY"),
base_url="https://{WorkspaceId}.ap-southeast-1.maas.aliyuncs.com/compatible-mode/v1",
)
async def main():
response = await client.chat.completions.create(
messages=[{"role": "user", "content": "Who are you?"}],
model="qwen3.8-max", # This example uses qwen-plus. You can replace it with another model name as needed. Model list: https://www.alibabacloud.com/help/model-studio/getting-started/models
)
print(response.model_dump_json())
if platform.system() == "Windows":
asyncio.set_event_loop_policy(asyncio.WindowsSelectorEventLoopPolicy())
asyncio.run(main())
|