This topic describes how to synchronize data from an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance to an AnalyticDB for MySQL V3.0 cluster by using Data Transmission Service (DTS). After you synchronize data, you can use AnalyticDB for MySQL to build internal business intelligence (BI) systems, interactive query systems, and real-time report systems.
Prerequisites
- An ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance is created. For more information, see Create an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance.
- The destination AnalyticDB for MySQL V3.0 cluster is created. For more information, see Create a cluster.
- The available storage space of the destination AnalyticDB for MySQL V3.0 cluster is larger than the total size of the data in the source ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance.
Usage notes
- During schema synchronization, DTS synchronizes foreign keys from the source database to the destination database.
- During full synchronization and incremental synchronization, DTS temporarily disables checking of foreign key constraints and foreign key cascade operations at the session level. If you perform the cascade update and delete operations on the source database during data synchronization, data inconsistency may occur.
Category | Description |
Limits on the source database |
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Other limits |
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Special cases | If the source database is a self-managed MySQL database, take note of the following items:
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Billing
Synchronization type | Task configuration fee |
Schema synchronization and full data synchronization | Free of charge. |
Incremental data synchronization | Charged. For more information, see Billing overview. |
Supported synchronization topologies
- One-way one-to-one synchronization
- One-way one-to-many synchronization
- One-way many-to-one synchronization
SQL operations that can be synchronized
Operation type | SQL statement |
DML | INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE Note When data is written to the AnalyticDB for MySQL cluster, the UPDATE statement is automatically converted to the REPLACE INTO statement. |
DDL | CREATE TABLE, DROP TABLE, RENAME TABLE, TRUNCATE TABLE, ADD COLUMN, and DROP COLUMN |
- When DTS synchronizes data to the destination AnalyticDB for MySQL cluster, the data type of a field in the source table is changed. As a result, the data synchronization task fails. In this example, the source table is named customer.
- In the destination AnalyticDB for MySQL V3.0 cluster, create a table named customer_new that has the same schema as the customer table.
- Execute the INSERT INTO SELECT statement to copy the data of the customer table and insert the data into the customer_new table. This ensures that the data of the two tables is consistent.
- Rename or delete the customer table. Then, change the name of the customer_new table to customer.
- Start the data synchronization task again in the DTS console.
Procedure
- Go to the Data Synchronization Tasks page.
- Log on to the Data Management (DMS) console.
- In the top navigation bar, click DTS.
- In the left-side navigation pane, choose .
Note- Operations may vary based on the mode and layout of the DMS console. For more information, see Simple mode and Configure the DMS console based on your business requirements.
- You can also go to the Data Synchronization Tasks page of the new DTS console.
- From the drop-down list to the right of Data Synchronization Tasks, select the region in which the data synchronization instance resides. Note If you use the new DTS console, you must select the region in which the data synchronization instance resides in the top navigation bar.
- Click Create Task. On the page that appears, configure the source and destination databases.Warning
After you configure the source and destination databases, we recommend that you read the limits that are displayed in the upper part of the page. Otherwise, the task may fail or data inconsistency may occur.
Section Parameter Description N/A Task Name The name of the task. DTS automatically assigns a name to the task. We recommend that you specify a descriptive name that makes it easy to identify the task. You do not need to specify a unique task name.
Source Database Select an existing DMS database instance The database instance that you want to use. You can choose whether to select an existing instance based on your business requirements.
If you select an existing instance, DTS automatically populates the parameters for the database.
If you do not select an existing instance, you must manually configure parameters for the database.
Database Type The type of the source database. Select MySQL. Access Method The access method of the source database. Select Alibaba Cloud Instance. Instance Region The region in which the source ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance resides. Replicate Data Across Alibaba Cloud Accounts Specifies whether data is synchronized across Alibaba Cloud accounts. In this example, No is selected. RDS Instance ID The ID of the source ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance. Database Account The database account of the source ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance. The account must have the SELECT permissions on the objects to be synchronized and the REPLICATION CLIENT and REPLICATION SLAVE permissions. Database Password The password of the database account.
Encryption Specifies whether to encrypt the connection to the database. Select Non-encrypted or SSL-encrypted based on your business requirements. If you select SSL-encrypted, you must enable SSL encryption for the ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance before you configure the data synchronization task. For more information, see Configure SSL encryption for an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance.
Destination Database Select an existing DMS database instance The database instance that you want to use. You can choose whether to select an existing instance based on your business requirements.
If you select an existing instance, DTS automatically populates the parameters for the database.
If you do not select an existing instance, you must manually configure parameters for the database.
Database Type The type of the destination database. Select AnalyticDB MySQL 3.0. Access Method The access method of the destination database. Select Alibaba Cloud Instance. Instance Region The region in which the destination AnalyticDB for MySQL V3.0 cluster resides. Instance ID The ID of the destination AnalyticDB for MySQL V3.0 cluster. Database Account The database account of the destination AnalyticDB for MySQL V3.0 cluster. The account must have read and write permissions on the destination database. Database Password The password of the database account.
In the lower part of the page, click Test Connectivity and Proceed.
If the source or destination database is an Alibaba Cloud database instance, such as an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL or ApsaraDB for MongoDB instance, DTS automatically adds the CIDR blocks of DTS servers to the whitelist of the instance. If the source or destination database is a self-managed database hosted on an Elastic Compute Service (ECS) instance, DTS automatically adds the CIDR blocks of DTS servers to the security group rules of the ECS instance, and you must ensure that the ECS instance can access the database. If the source or destination database is a self-managed database that is deployed in a data center or provided by a third-party cloud service provider, you must manually add the CIDR blocks of DTS servers to the whitelist of the database to allow DTS to access the database. For more information, see Add the CIDR blocks of DTS servers to the security settings of on-premises databases.
WarningIf the CIDR blocks of DTS servers are automatically or manually added to the whitelist of the database or instance, or to the ECS security group rules, security risks may arise. Therefore, before you use DTS to synchronize data, you must understand and acknowledge the potential risks and take preventive measures, including but not limited to the following measures: enhancing the security of your username and password, limiting the ports that are exposed, authenticating API calls, regularly checking the whitelist or ECS security group rules and forbidding unauthorized CIDR blocks, or connecting the database to DTS by using Express Connect, VPN Gateway, or Smart Access Gateway.
- Configure objects to synchronize and advanced settings.
- Basic Settings
Parameter or setting Description Synchronization Type By default, Incremental Data Synchronization is selected. You must also select Schema Synchronization and Full Data Synchronization. After the precheck is complete, DTS synchronizes the historical data of selected objects from the source instance to the destination instance. The historical data is the basis for subsequent incremental synchronization.
Note If Full Data Synchronization is selected, you can synchronize the schema and data of the table that is created by executing the CREATE TABLE statement to the destination database.Processing Mode of Conflicting Tables Precheck and Report Errors: checks whether the destination database contains tables that have the same names as tables in the source database. If the source and destination databases do not contain tables that have identical table names, the precheck is passed. Otherwise, an error is returned during the precheck and the data synchronization task cannot be started.
NoteYou can use the object name mapping feature to rename the tables that are synchronized to the destination database. You can use this feature if the source and destination databases contain identical table names and the tables in the destination database cannot be deleted or renamed. For more information, see Map object names.
Ignore Errors and Proceed: skips the precheck for identical table names in the source and destination databases.
WarningIf you select Ignore Errors and Proceed, data inconsistency may occur, and your business may be exposed to potential risks.
If the source and destination databases have the same schemas, and a data record has the same primary key value as an existing data record in the destination database:
During full data synchronization, DTS does not synchronize the data record to the destination database. The existing data record in the destination database is retained.
During incremental data synchronization, DTS synchronizes the data record to the destination database. The existing data record in the destination database is overwritten.
If the source and destination databases have different schemas, data may fail to be initialized, only some columns are synchronized, or the data synchronization task fails. Operate with caution.
Precheck and Report Errors: checks whether the destination database contains collections that have the same names as collections in the source database. If the source and destination databases do not contain collections that have identical collection names, the precheck is passed. Otherwise, an error is returned during the precheck and the data synchronization task cannot be started.
NoteYou can use the object name mapping feature to rename the collections that are synchronized to the destination database. You can use this feature if the source and destination databases contain collections that have identical names and the collections in the destination database cannot be deleted or renamed. For more information, see Rename an object to be synchronized.
Ignore Errors and Proceed: skips the precheck for identical collection names in the source and destination databases.
WarningIf you select Ignore Errors and Proceed, data inconsistency may occur, and your business may be exposed to potential risks.
DTS does not synchronize data records that have the same primary key values as data records in the destination database.
Data may fail to be initialized, only some columns are synchronized, or the data synchronization task fails.
Precheck and Report Errors: checks whether the destination database contains tables that have the same names as tables in the source database. If the source and destination databases do not contain tables that have identical table names, the precheck is passed. Otherwise, an error is returned during the precheck and the data synchronization task cannot be started.
Ignore Errors and Proceed: skips the precheck for identical table names in the source and destination databases.
WarningIf you select Ignore Errors and Proceed, data inconsistency may occur, and your business may be exposed to potential risks.
If the source and destination databases have the same schemas, and a data record has the same primary key value as an existing data record in the destination database:
During full data synchronization, DTS does not synchronize the data record to the destination database. The existing data record in the destination database is retained.
During incremental data synchronization, DTS synchronizes the data record to the destination database. The existing data record in the destination database is overwritten.
If the source and destination databases have different schemas, data may fail to be initialized, only some columns are synchronized, or the data synchronization task fails. Operate with caution.
DDL and DML Operations to Be Synchronized The DDL and DML operations that you want to synchronize. For more information, see SQL operations that can be synchronized.
Note To select the SQL operations performed on a specific database or table, right-click an object in the Selected Objects section. In the dialog box that appears, select the SQL operations that you want to synchronize.Merge Tables Yes: In online transaction processing (OLTP) scenarios, sharding is implemented to speed up the response to business tables. In online analytical processing (OLAP) scenarios, you can store a large volume of data in a single table. This makes your SQL queries more efficient. You can merge multiple source tables that have the same schema into a single destination table. This feature allows you to synchronize data from multiple tables in the source database to a single table in the destination database. For more information, see Enable the multi-table merging feature.
NoteAfter you select multiple tables from the source database, you must change the names of these tables to the name of the destination table. To do this, you can use the object name mapping feature. For more information, see Map object names.
DTS adds a column named
__dts_data_source
to the destination table. This column is used to record the data source. The data type of this column is TEXT. DTS specifies the column values based on the following format:<DTS instance ID>:<Database name>:<Schema name>:<Table name>
. Such column values allow DTS to identify each source table. For example,dts********:dtstestdata:testschema:customer1
indicates that the source table is customer1.If you set this parameter to Yes, all the selected source tables in the task are merged into a destination table. If you do not need to merge specific source tables, you can create a separate data synchronization task for these tables.
WarningWe recommend that you do not perform DDL operations to change the schemas of source databases or tables. Otherwise, data inconsistency may occur or the data synchronization task fails.
No: This value is selected by default.
Capitalization of Object Names in Destination Instance The capitalization of database names, table names, and column names in the destination instance. By default, DTS default policy is selected. You can select other options to ensure that the capitalization of object names is consistent with that in the source or destination database. For more information, see Specify the capitalization of object names in the destination instance.
Source Objects Select one or more objects from the Source Objects section and click the
icon to add the objects to the Selected Objects section.
Note- You can select columns, tables, or databases as the objects to be synchronized. If you select tables or columns as the objects to be synchronized, DTS does not synchronize other objects such as views, triggers, or stored procedures to the destination database.
- If you select a database as the object to be synchronized, DTS synchronizes data based on the following default rules:
- If the table to be synchronized in the source database has a primary key, such as a single-column primary key or a composite primary key, the primary key columns are specified as the distribution keys.
- If the table to be synchronized in the source database does not have a primary key, an auto-increment primary key column is automatically generated in the destination table. This may cause data inconsistency between the source and destination databases.
Selected Objects To rename an object that you want to synchronize to the destination instance, right-click the object in the Selected Objects section. For more information, see Map the name of a single object.
To rename multiple objects at a time, click Batch Edit in the upper-right corner of the Selected Objects section. For more information, see Map multiple object names at a time.
Note- To select the SQL operations performed on a specific database or table, right-click an object to be synchronized in the Selected Objects section. In the dialog box that appears, select the SQL operations that you want to synchronize. For more information about the SQL operations that can be synchronized, see SQL operations that can be synchronized.
- To specify WHERE conditions to filter data, right-click an object in the Selected Objects section. In the dialog box that appears, specify the conditions. For more information about how to specify the conditions, see Use SQL conditions to filter data.
- Advanced Settings
Parameter Description Set Alerts Specifies whether to configure alerting for the data synchronization task. If the task fails or the synchronization latency exceeds the specified threshold, alert contacts will receive notifications. Valid values:
No: does not configure alerting.
Yes: configures alerting. In this case, you must also configure the alert threshold and alert contacts. For more information, see Configure monitoring and alerting when you create a DTS task.
Copy the temporary table of the Online DDL tool that is generated in the source table to the destination database In this scenario, DTS does not synchronize DDL operations. You must set this parameter to No, Adapt to DMS Online DDL or No, Adapt to gh-ost. However, DTS may support DDL operations for this scenario in the future. In this case, if you use Data Management (DMS) or the gh-ost tool to perform online DDL operations on the source database, you can specify whether to synchronize the data of temporary tables generated by the operations.
Yes: DTS synchronizes the data of temporary tables generated by online DDL operations.
NoteIf online DDL operations generate a large amount of data, the data synchronization task may take an extended period of time to complete.
No, Adapt to DMS Online DDL: DTS does not synchronize the data of temporary tables generated by online DDL operations. Only the original DDL operations that are performed by using Data Management (DMS) are synchronized.
NoteIf you select this option, the tables in the destination database may be locked.
No, Adapt to gh-ost: DTS does not synchronize the data of temporary tables generated by online DDL operations. Only the original DDL operations that are performed by using the gh-ost tool are synchronized. You can use the default or custom regular expressions to filter out the shadow tables of the gh-ost tool and tables that are not required.
NoteIf you select this option, the tables in the destination database may be locked.
Specify the retry time range for failed connections The retry time range for failed connections. If the source or destination database fails to be connected after the data synchronization task is started, DTS immediately retries a connection within the time range. Valid values: 10 to 1440. Unit: minutes. Default value: 720. We recommend that you set the parameter to a value greater than 30. If DTS reconnects to the source and destination databases within the specified time range, DTS resumes the data synchronization task. Otherwise, the data synchronization task fails.
NoteIf you set different retry time ranges for multiple DTS tasks that have the same source or destination database, the shortest retry time range that is set takes precedence.
When DTS retries a connection, you are charged for the DTS instance. We recommend that you specify the retry time range based on your business requirements. You can also release the DTS instance at your earliest opportunity after the source and destination instances are released.
Configure ETL Specifies whether to configure the extract, transform, and load (ETL) feature. For more information, see What is ETL?. Valid values:- Yes: configures the ETL feature. You can enter data processing statements in the code editor. For more information, see Configure ETL in a data migration or data synchronization task.
- No: does not configure the ETL feature.
- Basic Settings
In the lower part of the page, click Next: Configure Database and Table Fields. On the page that appears, set the primary key columns and distribution key columns of the tables that you want to synchronize to the destination AnalyticDB for MySQL cluster.
NoteIf you select Schema Synchronization as Synchronization Type, you must configure the Type, Primary Key Column, and Distribution Key parameters for the tables that you want to synchronize to the AnalyticDB for MySQL V3.0 cluster. For more information, see CREATE TABLE.
In the Primary Key Column field, you can specify multiple columns to form a composite primary key. In this case, you must specify one or more primary key columns as the distribution key columns.
Click Next: Save Task Settings and Precheck in the lower part of the page.
You can move the pointer over Next: Save Task Settings and Precheck and click Preview OpenAPI parameters to view the parameter settings of the API operation that is called to configure the instance.
NoteBefore you can start the data synchronization task, DTS performs a precheck. You can start the data synchronization task only after the task passes the precheck.
If the task fails to pass the precheck, click View Details next to each failed item. After you troubleshoot the issues based on the causes, run a precheck again.
If an alert is triggered for an item during the precheck:
If an alert item cannot be ignored, click View Details next to the failed item and troubleshoot the issues. Then, run a precheck again.
If an alert item can be ignored, click Confirm Alert Details. In the View Details dialog box, click Ignore. In the message that appears, click OK. Then, click Precheck Again to run a precheck again. If you ignore the alert item, data inconsistency may occur, and your business may be exposed to potential risks.
Wait until the success rate becomes 100%. Then, click Next: Purchase Instance.
On the Purchase Instance page, configure the Billing Method and Instance Class parameters for the data synchronization instance. The following table describes the parameters.
Section
Parameter
Description
New Instance Class
Billing Method
Subscription: You pay for the instance when you create an instance. The subscription billing method is more cost-effective than the pay-as-you-go billing method for long-term use.
Pay-as-you-go: A pay-as-you-go instance is charged on an hourly basis. The pay-as-you-go billing method is suitable for short-term use. If you no longer require a pay-as-you-go instance, you can release the pay-as-you-go instance to reduce costs.
Resource Group
The resource group on which the instance is run. Default value: default resource group. For more information, see What is Resource Management?.
Instance Class
DTS provides various synchronization specifications that provide different performance. The synchronization speed varies based on the synchronization specifications that you select. You can select a synchronization specification based on your business scenario. For more information, see Specifications of data synchronization instances.
Subscription Duration
If you select the subscription billing method, set the subscription duration and the number of instances that you want to create. The subscription duration can be one to nine months, one year, two years, three years, or five years.
NoteThis parameter is available only if you select the Subscription billing method.
Read and select the check box to agree to the Data Transmission Service (Pay-as-you-go) Service Terms.
Click Buy and Start to start the data synchronization task. You can view the progress of the task in the task list.