Data Transmission Service (DTS) allows you to synchronize data from a self-managed MySQL database that is deployed on an on-premises server, an Elastic Compute Service (ECS) instance, or third-party cloud services to an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance. The data synchronization does not affect your service. By default, DTS synchronizes only real-time incremental data. You can also select both schema synchronization and full data synchronization to ensure service continuity when you synchronize data from a self-managed MySQL database to an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance.
Prerequisites
The self-managed MySQL database is connected to Alibaba Cloud. The CIDR blocks of DTS servers are added to the security settings of the self-managed SQL Server database, such as security group rules, firewall policies, and IP address whitelists, to allow access from DTS servers. For more information, see
NoteFor more information about supported database versions, see Preparation.
An account is created for a self-managed MySQL database and the binary logging is configured.
The destination ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance is created. The available storage space of this destination database is larger than the total size of data in the source self-managed MySQL database. For more information, see Create an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance.
Limits
During schema synchronization, DTS synchronizes foreign keys from the source database to the destination database.
During full data synchronization and incremental data synchronization, DTS temporarily disables the constraint check and cascade operations on foreign keys at the session level. If you perform the cascade update and delete operations on the source database during data synchronization, data inconsistency may occur.
Category | Description |
Limits on the source database |
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Other limits |
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Special cases |
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Billing
Synchronization type | Task configuration fee |
Schema synchronization and full data synchronization | Free of charge. |
Incremental data synchronization | Charged. For more information, see Billing overview. |
Supported synchronization topologies
One-way one-to-one synchronization
One-way one-to-many synchronization
One-way many-to-one synchronization
One-way cascade synchronization
SQL operations that can be synchronized
Operation type | SQL statement |
DML | INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE |
DDL |
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Permissions required for database accounts
Database type | Schema synchronization | Full data synchronization | Incremental data synchronization |
Self-managed MySQL database | The SELECT permission. | The SELECT permission. | The SELECT permission on the objects to be synchronized. The REPLICATION CLIENT, REPLICATION SLAVE, and SHOW VIEW permissions. The permissions to create databases and tables. The permissions allow DTS to create a database named dts to record heartbeat data during data synchronization. |
ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance | Read and write permissions. |
For information about how to create and authorize a database account, see the following topics:
If you want to synchronize the account information of the source database, additional permissions are required for the source and destination database accounts that are used when you configure the DTS task. For more information, see Migrate database accounts.
Self-managed MySQL database: Create an account for a self-managed MySQL database and configure binary logging
ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance: Create an account and Modify the permissions of an account.
Procedure
Use one of the following methods to go to the Data Synchronization page and select the region in which the data synchronization instance resides.
DTS console
Log on to the DTS console.
In the left-side navigation pane, click Data Synchronization.
In the upper-left corner of the page, select the region in which the data synchronization instance resides.
DMS console
NoteThe actual operations may vary based on the mode and layout of the DMS console. For more information, see Simple mode and Customize the layout and style of the DMS console.
Log on to the DMS console.
In the top navigation bar, move the pointer over Data + AI and choose
.From the drop-down list to the right of Data Synchronization Tasks, select the region in which the data synchronization instance resides.
Click Create Task to go to the task configuration page.
Configure the source and destination databases. The following table describes the parameters.
WarningAfter you configure the source and destination databases, we recommend that you read the Limits that are displayed on the page. Otherwise, the task may fail or data inconsistency may occur.
Section
Parameter
Description
N/A
Task Name
The name of the DTS task. DTS automatically generates a task name. We recommend that you specify a descriptive name that makes it easy to identify the task. You do not need to specify a unique task name.
Source Database
Select Existing Connection
If you use a database instance that is registered with DTS, select the instance from the drop-down list. DTS automatically populates the following database parameters for the instance. For more information, see Manage database connections.
NoteIn the DMS console, you can select the database instance from the Select a DMS database instance drop-down list.
If you fail to register the instance with DTS, or you do not need to use the instance that is registered with DTS, you must configure the following database information.
Database Type
The type of the source database. Select MySQL.
Access Method
The access method of the source database. Select Self-managed Database on ECS.
NoteIf the source database is a self-managed database, you must prepare the environment that is required for the database before data migration. For more information, see Preparation overview.
Instance Region
The region where the source MySQL database resides.
Replicate Data Across Alibaba Cloud Accounts
Specifies whether to synchronize data across Alibaba Cloud accounts. In this example, No is selected.
ECS Instance ID
The ID of the ECS instance that hosts the source MySQL database.
Port Number
The service port number of the source MySQL database. The port must be accessible over the Internet. Default value: 3306.
Database Account
The account of the source MySQL database. For more information about the required permissions, see the Permissions required for database accounts section of this topic.
Database Password
The password that is used to access the database.
Encryption
Specifies whether to encrypt the connection to the source database. Select Non-encrypted or SSL-encrypted based on your business requirements.
If SSL encryption is not enabled for the self-managed MySQL database, select Non-encrypted.
If SSL encryption is enabled for the self-managed MySQL database, select SSL-encrypted. In this case, you must upload a CA Certificate and configure the CA Key parameter.
Destination Database
Select Existing Connection
If you use a database instance that is registered with DTS, select the instance from the drop-down list. DTS automatically populates the following database parameters for the instance. For more information, see Manage database connections.
NoteIn the DMS console, you can select the database instance from the Select a DMS database instance drop-down list.
If you fail to register the instance with DTS, or you do not need to use the instance that is registered with DTS, you must configure the following database information.
Database Type
The type of the destination database. Select MySQL.
Access Method
The access method of the destination database. Select Alibaba Cloud Instance.
Instance Region
The region where the destination ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance resides.
Replicate Data Across Alibaba Cloud Accounts
Specifies whether to synchronize data across Alibaba Cloud accounts. In this example, No is selected.
RDS Instance ID
The ID of the destination ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance.
Database Account
The database account of the destination ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance. For information about the required permissions, see the Permissions required for database accounts section of this topic.
Database Password
The password that is used to access the database.
Encryption
Specifies whether to encrypt the connection to the database. You can select Non-encrypted or SSL-encrypted based on your business requirements. If you want to set this parameter to SSL-encrypted, you must enable SSL encryption for the ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance before you configure the DTS task. For more information, see Use a cloud certificate to enable SSL encryption.
In the lower part of the page, click Test Connectivity and Proceed. In the CIDR Blocks of DTS Servers dialog box, click Test Connectivity.
NoteMake sure that the CIDR blocks of DTS servers can be automatically or manually added to the security settings of the source and destination databases to allow access from DTS servers. For more information, see Add the CIDR blocks of DTS servers.
Configure the objects to be synchronized.
In the Configure Objects step, configure the objects that you want to synchronize.
Parameter
Description
Synchronization Types
The synchronization types. By default, Incremental Data Synchronization is selected. You must also select Schema Synchronization and Full Data Synchronization. After the precheck is complete, DTS synchronizes the historical data of the selected objects from the source database to the destination cluster. The historical data is the basis for subsequent incremental synchronization.
Method to Migrate Triggers in Source Database
The method used to synchronize triggers from the source database. You can select a synchronization method based on your business requirements. If no triggers are to be synchronized, you do not need to configure this parameter. For more information, see Synchronize or migrate triggers from the source database.
NoteThis parameter is available only if you select Schema Synchronization for the Synchronization Types parameter.
Enable Migration Assessment
Specifies whether to enable synchronization assessment. You can check whether the schemas of the source and destination databases, such as the length of indexes, stored procedures, and dependent tables, meet the requirements. Select Yes or No based on your business requirements.
NoteThis parameter is available only if you select Schema Synchronization for the Synchronization Types parameter.
If you select Yes, the precheck may take more time. You can view Assessment Result during the precheck. The assessment results do not affect the precheck results.
Synchronization Topology
The synchronization topology of the data synchronization task. Select One-way Synchronization.
Processing Mode of Conflicting Tables
Precheck and Report Errors: checks whether the destination database contains tables that have the same names as tables in the source database. If the source and destination databases do not contain tables that have identical table names, the precheck is passed. Otherwise, an error is returned during the precheck, and the data synchronization task cannot be started.
NoteIf the source and destination databases contain tables with identical names and the tables in the destination database cannot be deleted or renamed, you can use the object name mapping feature to rename the tables that are synchronized to the destination database. For more information, see Database, table, and column name mapping.
Ignore Errors and Proceed: skips the precheck for identical table names in the source and destination databases.
WarningIf you select Ignore Errors and Proceed, data inconsistency may occur and your business may be exposed to potential risks.
If the source and destination databases have the same schema and a data record in the destination database has the same primary key value or unique key value as a data record in the source database:
During full data synchronization, DTS does not synchronize the data record to the destination database. The existing data record in the destination database is retained.
During incremental data synchronization, DTS synchronizes the data record to the destination database. The existing data record in the destination database is overwritten.
If the source and destination databases have different schemas, data may fail to be initialized. In this case, only some columns are synchronized, or the data synchronization task fails. Proceed with caution.
Whether to migrate Event
Specify whether to synchronize events in the source database. You can configure this parameter based on your business requirements. If you select Yes, you must meet relevant requirements and complete subsequent operations. For more information, see Synchronize or migrate events.
Capitalization of Object Names in Destination Instance
The capitalization of database names, table names, and column names in the destination instance. By default, DTS default policy is selected. You can select other options to ensure that the capitalization of object names is consistent with that in the source or destination database. For more information, see Specify the capitalization of object names in the destination instance.
Source Objects
Select one or more objects from the Source Objects section and click the
icon to add the objects to the Selected Objects section.
NoteYou can select columns, tables, or databases as objects to synchronize. If you select tables or columns as the objects to be synchronized, DTS does not synchronize other objects such as views, triggers, and stored procedures to the destination database.
Selected Objects
To rename an object that you want to synchronize to the destination instance, right-click the object in the Selected Objects section. For more information, see the "Individual database, table, and column name mapping" section of the Map object names topic.
To rename multiple objects at a time, click Batch Edit in the upper-right corner of the Selected Objects section. For more information, see the "Batch database, table, and column name mapping" section of the Map object names topic.
NoteIf you use the object name mapping feature to rename an object, other objects that are dependent on the object may fail to be synchronized.
To select the SQL operations performed on a specific database or table, right-click an object in the Selected Objects section. In the dialog box that appears, select the SQL operations that you want to synchronize.
To specify WHERE conditions to filter data, right-click an object in the Selected Objects section. In the dialog box that appears, specify the conditions. For more information, see Set filter conditions.
Click Next: Advanced Settings to configure advanced settings.
Parameter
Description
Dedicated Cluster for Task Scheduling
By default, DTS schedules the task to the shared cluster if you do not specify a dedicated cluster. If you want to improve the stability of data synchronization tasks, purchase a dedicated cluster. For more information, see What is a DTS dedicated cluster.
Copy the temporary table of the Online DDL tool that is generated in the source table to the destination database.
If you use DMS or the gh-ost tool to perform online DDL operations on the source database, you can specify whether to synchronize the data of temporary tables generated by online DDL operations.
ImportantYou cannot use tools such as pt-online-schema-change to perform online DDL operations on the source database. Otherwise, the DTS task fails.
Yes: DTS synchronizes the data of temporary tables generated by online DDL operations.
NoteIf online DDL operations generate a large amount of data, the data synchronization task may take an extended period of time to complete.
No, Adapt to DMS Online DDL: DTS does not synchronize the data of temporary tables generated by online DDL operations. Only the original DDL operations that are performed by using DMS are synchronized.
NoteIf you select this option, the tables in the destination database may be locked.
No, Adapt to gh-ost: DTS does not synchronize the data of temporary tables generated by online DDL operations. Only the original DDL operations that are performed by using the gh-ost tool are synchronized. You can use the default or custom regular expressions to filter out the shadow tables of the gh-ost tool and tables that are not required.
NoteIf you select this option, the tables in the destination database may be locked.
Whether to Migrate Accounts
Specifies whether to synchronize the account information of the source database. You can configure this parameter based on your business requirements. If you select Yes, you must select the accounts to be synchronized and check their permissions. For more information such as authorization methods, see Migrate database accounts.
Retry Time for Failed Connections
The retry time range for failed connections. If the source or destination database fails to be connected after the data synchronization task is started, DTS immediately retries a connection within the time range. Valid values: 10 to 1440. Unit: minutes. Default value: 720. We recommend that you set this parameter to a value greater than 30. If DTS reconnects to the source and destination databases within the specified time range, DTS resumes the data synchronization task. Otherwise, the data synchronization task fails.
NoteIf you specify different retry time ranges for multiple data synchronization tasks that have the same source or destination database, the shortest retry time range takes precedence.
When DTS retries a connection, you are charged for the DTS instance. We recommend that you specify the retry time range based on your business requirements. You can also release the DTS instance at your earliest opportunity after the source and destination instances are released.
Retry Time for Other Issues
The retry time range for other issues. For example, if the DDL or DML operations fail to be performed after the data synchronization task is started, DTS immediately retries the operations within the time range. Valid values: 1 to 1440. Unit: minutes. Default value: 10. We recommend that you set this parameter to a value greater than 10. If the failed operations are successfully performed within the specified time range, DTS resumes the data synchronization task. Otherwise, the data synchronization task fails.
ImportantThe value of the Retry Time for Other Issues parameter must be smaller than the value of the Retry Time for Failed Connections parameter.
Enable Throttling for Full Data Synchronization
During full data synchronization, DTS uses the read and write resources of the source and destination databases. This may increase the load on the database servers. You can configure the Queries per second (QPS) to the source database, RPS of Full Data Migration, and Data migration speed for full migration (MB/s) parameters for full data synchronization tasks to reduce the load on the destination database server.
NoteYou can configure this parameter only if Full Data Synchronization is selected for the Synchronization Types parameter.
Enable Throttling for Incremental Data Synchronization
Specifies whether to enable throttling for incremental data synchronization. You can enable throttling for incremental data synchronization based on your business requirements. To configure throttling, you must configure the RPS of Incremental Data Synchronization and Data synchronization speed for incremental synchronization (MB/s) parameters. This reduces the load on the destination database server.
Environment Tag
The environment tag that is used to identify the DTS instance. You can select an environment tag based on your business requirements. In this example, no environment tag is selected.
Whether to delete SQL operations on heartbeat tables of forward and reverse tasks
Specifies whether to write SQL operations on heartbeat tables to the source database while the DTS instance is running. Valid values:
Yes: does not write SQL operations on heartbeat tables. In this case, a latency of the DTS instance may be displayed.
No: writes SQL operations on heartbeat tables. In this case, features such as physical backup and cloning of the source database may be affected.
Configure ETL
Specifies whether to enable the extract, transform, and load (ETL) feature. For more information, see What is ETL? Valid values:
Yes: configures the ETL feature. You can enter data processing statements in the code editor. For more information, see Configure ETL in a data migration or data synchronization task.
No: does not configure the ETL feature.
Monitoring and Alerting
Specifies whether to configure alerting for the data synchronization task. If the task fails or the synchronization latency exceeds the specified threshold, alert contacts will receive notifications. Valid values:
No: does not enable alerting.
Yes: configures alerting. In this case, you must also configure the alert threshold and alert notification settings. For more information, see the "Configure monitoring and alerting when you create a DTS task" section of the Configure monitoring and alerting topic.
Click Next Step: Data Verification to configure data verification.
For more information about how to use the data verification feature, see Configure a data verification task.
Save the task settings and run a precheck.
To view the parameters to be specified when you call the relevant API operation to configure the DTS task, move the pointer over Next: Save Task Settings and Precheck and click Preview OpenAPI parameters.
If you do not need to view or have viewed the parameters, click Next: Save Task Settings and Precheck in the lower part of the page.
NoteBefore you can start the data synchronization task, DTS performs a precheck. You can start the data synchronization task only after the task passes the precheck.
If the data synchronization task fails the precheck, click View Details next to each failed item. After you analyze the causes based on the check results, troubleshoot the issues. Then, rerun the precheck.
If an alert is triggered for an item during the precheck:
If an alert item cannot be ignored, click View Details next to the failed item and troubleshoot the issue. Then, run a precheck again.
If an alert item can be ignored, click Confirm Alert Details. In the View Details dialog box, click Ignore. In the message that appears, click OK. Then, click Precheck Again to run a precheck again. If you ignore the alert item, data inconsistency may occur, and your business may be exposed to potential risks.
Purchase an instance.
Wait until the Success Rate becomes 100%. Then, click Next: Purchase Instance.
On the buy page, configure the Billing Method and Instance Class parameters for the data synchronization instance. The following table describes the parameters.
Section
Parameter
Description
New Instance Class
Billing Method
Subscription: You pay for a subscription when you create a data synchronization instance. The subscription billing method is more cost-effective than the pay-as-you-go billing method for long-term use.
Pay-as-you-go: A pay-as-you-go instance is billed on an hourly basis. The pay-as-you-go billing method is suitable for short-term use. If you no longer require a pay-as-you-go data synchronization instance, you can release the instance to reduce costs.
Resource Group Settings
The resource group to which the data synchronization instance belongs. Default value: default resource group. For more information, see What is Resource Management?
Instance Class
DTS provides instance classes that vary in synchronization speed. You can select an instance class based on your business requirements. For more information, see Instance classes of data synchronization instances.
Subscription Duration
If you select the subscription billing method, specify the subscription duration and the number of data synchronization instances that you want to create. The subscription duration can be one to nine months, one year, two years, three years, or five years.
NoteThis parameter is available only if you select the Subscription billing method.
Read and select Data Transmission Service (Pay-as-you-go) Service Terms.
Click Buy and Start. In the dialog box that appears, click OK.
You can view the progress of the task in the task list.