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PolarDB:Read-only instances

Last Updated:Feb 28, 2026

Offload read traffic from your primary PolarDB-X instance by creating read-only instances. Read-only instances provide physical resource isolation from the primary instance while maintaining strong data consistency.

How it works

PolarDB-X data nodes use an X-Paxos-based architecture with a three-replica mechanism for high availability. A read-only instance adds Learners (non-voting replicas in the X-Paxos protocol) to the data nodes. This design isolates resources between the primary and read-only instances. Read-only queries maintain strong consistency through the timestamp oracle (TSO).

A primary instance and its read-only instances must be in the same region but can be in different zones. When you create or delete a database in the primary instance, the change is automatically replicated to all associated read-only instances.

Create a read-only instance

  1. Log on to the PolarDB-X console.

  2. In the top navigation bar, select the region where the instance is deployed.

  3. On the Instances page, click the PolarDB-X 2.0 tab.

  4. Find the target instance. In the Actions column, click the More icon icon and then click Read-only Instance.

    Alternatively, click the instance name to go to the Basic Information page. In the Read-only Instances section on the right side, click Create Read-only Instance.

  5. On the buy page, configure the following parameters.

    Parameter

    Description

    Product Type

    Select a billing method: Subscription or Pay-as-you-go.
    - Subscription: You pay upfront at purchase.
    - Pay-as-you-go: You are billed hourly based on resource usage.

    Note

    Pay-as-you-go requires a minimum account balance of USD 100.




    Region

    The region is the same as that of the primary instance.

    Zone

    Select a zone for the primary node.

    Network Type

    Defaults to Virtual Private Cloud.

    VPC

    Select a VPC. If you do not have one, create a VPC.

    Note

    You cannot change the VPC after the read-only instance is created.


    vSwitch

    Select a vSwitch. If you do not have one, create a vSwitch.

    Note

    You can change the vSwitch after the read-only instance is created.


    MySQL Version

    The MySQL version is the same as that of the primary instance.

    Series

    The series is the same as that of the primary instance.

    Instance Family

    Select an instance family:
    - General-purpose: Shares idle computing resources such as CPUs with other instances on the same server. Provides higher cost efficiency.
    - Dedicated: Does not share computing resources with other instances on the same server. Provides higher reliability and stability.

    CN Node Spec

    Select the compute node specifications.

    DN Node Spec

    Select the data node specifications.

    CN Nodes

    The number of compute nodes. By default, this value is the same as that of the primary instance.

    DN Nodes

    The number of data nodes. By default, this value is the same as that of the primary instance.

    Node Specification

    The node specifications. Available only for the Standard Edition series.

    Storage Type

    Defaults to Local SSD-Custom.

    Note

    You do not need to specify the storage capacity. The system charges you based on actual disk usage on an hourly basis. Usage less than one hour is rounded up to a full hour.


    Subscription Duration

    The subscription duration. Available only if you set Product Type to Subscription.

    Quantity

    The number of read-only instances to purchase.

  6. Click Buy Now.

  7. On the Confirm Order page, read and agree to the terms of service and click Pay to complete the payment.

  8. After payment, wait 10 to 15 minutes for the instance to be provisioned. Return to the Instances page to view the new read-only instance.

Related topics

PolarDB-X also supports read-only columnar instances for querying Clustered Columnar Index (CCI) data. For more information, see Add a read-only columnar instance.