This topic describes how to migrate data from a PolarDB-X 2.0 instance to a Message Queue for Apache Kafka instance by using Data Transmission Service (DTS). Message Queue for Apache Kafka has an extended capability to process messages.

Prerequisites

  • The source PolarDB-X 2.0 instance is created and compatible with MySQL 5.7.
  • In the destination Message Queue for Apache Kafka instance, a topic is created to receive the migrated data. For more information, see Step 1: Create a topic.
  • The versions of the source PolarDB-X 2.0 instance and the destination Message Queue for Apache Kafka instance are supported. For more information, see Overview of data migration scenarios.
  • The available storage space of the destination Message Queue for Apache Kafka instance is larger than the total size of the data in the source PolarDB-X 2.0 instance.

Limits

Category Description
Limits on the source database
  • The server to which the source database belongs must have sufficient outbound bandwidth. Otherwise, the data migration speed decreases.
  • The tables to be migrated must have PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE constraints, and all fields must be unique. Otherwise, the destination database may contain duplicate data records.
  • If you select tables as the objects to be migrated and you need to modify the tables in the destination database, such as renaming tables or columns, you can migrate up to 1,000 tables in a single data migration task. If you run a task to migrate more than 1,000 tables, a request error occurs. In this case, we recommend that you split the tables and configure multiple tasks to migrate the tables, or configure a task to migrate the entire database.
  • If you want to migrate incremental data, you must make sure that the following requirements are met:
    • The binary logging feature is enabled. The value of the binlog_row_image parameter is set to full. Otherwise, error messages are returned during precheck and the data migration task cannot be started.

    • For an incremental data migration task, the binary logs of the source database must be stored for more than 24 hours. For a full data and incremental data migration task, the binary logs of the source database must be stored for at least seven days. After the full data migration is complete, you can set the retention period to more than 24 hours. Otherwise, Data Transmission Service (DTS) may fail to obtain the binary logs and the task may fail. In exceptional circumstances, data inconsistency or loss may occur. Make sure that you set the retention period of binary logs based on the preceding requirements. Otherwise, the Service Level Agreement (SLA) of DTS does not ensure service reliability or performance.

  • Limits on operations:
    • During schema migration and full data migration, do not perform DDL operations to change the schemas of databases or tables. Otherwise, the data migration task fails.
    • If you change the network type of a PolarDB-X 2.0 instance during data migration, you must also change the network connection setting of the data migration instance.
    • If you perform only full data migration, do not write data to the source database during data migration. Otherwise, data inconsistency between the source and destination databases occurs. To ensure data consistency, we recommend that you select schema migration, full data migration, and incremental data migration as the migration types.
  • The PolarDB-X 2.0 instance must be compatible with MySQL 5.7.
Other limits
  • Before you migrate data, evaluate the impact of data migration on the performance of the source and destination databases. We recommend that you migrate data during off-peak hours. During full data migration, DTS uses the read and write resources of the source and destination databases. This may increase the loads on the database servers.
  • During full data migration, concurrent INSERT operations cause fragmentation in the tables of the destination database. After the full data migration is complete, the size of used tablespace of the destination database is larger than that of the source database.
  • DTS attempts to resume data migration tasks that failed within the last seven days. Before you switch workloads to the destination instance, stop or release the data migration task. You can also execute the REVOKE statement to revoke the write permissions from the accounts used by DTS to access the destination instance. Otherwise, the data in the source database will overwrite the data in the destination database after the task is resumed.
Precautions DTS updates the `dts_health_check`.`ha_health_check` table in the source database as scheduled to move forward the binary log file position.

Billing

Migration type Instance configuration fee Internet traffic fee
Schema migration and full data migration Free of charge. Charged only when data is migrated from Alibaba Cloud over the Internet. For more information, see Billing overview.
Incremental data migration Charged. For more information, see Billing overview.

Migration types

  • Schema migration

    DTS migrates the schemas of required objects from the source database to the destination database.

  • Full data migration

    DTS migrates historical data of required objects from the source database to the destination database.

  • Incremental data migration

    After full data migration is complete, DTS migrates incremental data from the source database to the destination database. Incremental data migration allows you to ensure service continuity when you migrate data between self-managed databases.

SQL operations that can be synchronized during incremental data migration

Operation type SQL statement
DML INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE

Permissions required for database accounts

Instance type Schema migration Full data migration Incremental data migration
PolarDB-X 2.0 instance The SELECT permission The SELECT permission The SELECT permission on the objects to be migrated, and the REPLICATION SLAVE and REPLICATION CLIENT permissions. DTS automatically grants these permissions to the database account.
  1. Go to the Data Migration Tasks page.
    1. Log on to the Data Management (DMS) console.
    2. In the top navigation bar, click DTS.
    3. In the left-side navigation pane, choose DTS (DTS) > Data Migration.
    Note You can also configure the settings by using the new DTS console.
  2. From the drop-down list to the right of Data Migration Tasks, select the region in which your data migration instance resides.
    Note If you use the new DTS console, select the region in which your data migration instance resides in the upper-left corner.
  3. Click Create Task. On the page that appears, configure the source and destination databases.
    Warning After you select the source and destination instances, we recommend that you read the limits displayed at the top of the page. This helps you create and run the data migration task.
    Section Parameter Description
    N/A Task Name

    The name of the task. DTS automatically generates a task name. We recommend that you specify an informative name to identify the task. You do not need to specify a unique task name.

    Source Database Select Instance
    The instance that you want to use. You can choose whether to use an existing instance based on your business requirements.
    • If you use an existing instance, DTS automatically applies the parameter settings of the instance.
    • If you do not use an existing instance, you must set parameters for the source database.
    Database Type The type of the source database. Select PolarDB-X 2.0.
    Access Method The access method of the source database. Select Alibaba Cloud Instance.
    Instance Region The region in which the source PolarDB-X 2.0 instance resides.
    Instance ID The ID of the source PolarDB-X 2.0 instance.
    Database Account The database account of the source PolarDB-X 2.0 instance. For more information about the permissions that are required for the account, see Permissions required for database accounts.
    Database Password

    The password of the database account.

    Destination Database Select Instance
    The instance that you want to use. You can choose whether to use an existing instance based on your business requirements.
    • If you use an existing instance, DTS automatically applies the parameter settings of the instance.
    • If you do not use an existing instance, you must set parameters for the source database.
    Database Type The type of the destination database. Select Kafka.
    Access Method The access method of the destination database. Select Express Connect, VPN Gateway, or Smart Access Gateway.
    Note DTS does not provide Message Queue for Apache Kafka as an access method. You can use Message Queue for Apache Kafka as a self-managed Kafka cluster to configure data migration.
    Instance Region The region in which the destination Message Queue for Apache Kafka instance resides.
    Connected VPC The ID of the virtual private cloud (VPC) to which the destination Message Queue for Apache Kafka instance belongs. To obtain the VPC ID, you can log on to the Message Queue for Apache Kafka console and go to the Instance Details page of the Message Queue for Apache Kafka instance. In the Configuration Information section, you can view the VPC ID.
    IP Address An IP address of the Message Queue for Apache Kafka instance.
    Note To obtain an IP address, you can log on to the Message Queue for Apache Kafka console and go to the Instance Details page of the Message Queue for Apache Kafka instance. On the Instance Details page, obtain an IP address from the Default Endpoint parameter.
    Port Number The service port number of the Message Queue for Apache Kafka instance. Default value: 9092.
    Database Account The database account of the destination Message Queue for Apache Kafka instance.
    Note If the Message Queue for Apache Kafka instance is a VPC-connected instance, you do not need to set the Database Account or Database Password parameter.
    Database Password

    The password of the database account.

    Kafka Version The version of the destination Message Queue for Apache Kafka instance.
    Encryption Specifies whether to encrypt the connection. Select Non-encrypted or SCRAM-SHA-256 based on your business and security requirements.
    Topic The topic used to receive the migrated data. Select a topic from the drop-down list.
    Topic That Stores DDL Information The topic used to store the DDL information. Select a topic from the drop-down list. If you do not specify this parameter, the DDL information is stored in the topic that is specified by the Topic parameter.
    Use Kafka Schema Registry Specifies whether to use Kafka Schema Registry, which provides a serving layer for your metadata. It provides a RESTful API for storing and retrieving your Avro schemas. Valid values:
    • No: does not use Kafka Schema Registry.
    • Yes: uses Kafka Schema Registry. In this case, you must enter the URL or IP address that is registered in Kafka Schema Registry for your Avro schemas.
  4. In the lower part of the page, click Test Connectivity and Proceed.
    Warning
    • If the source or destination database instance is an Alibaba Cloud database instance, such as an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL or ApsaraDB for MongoDB instance, or is a self-managed database hosted on Elastic Compute Service (ECS), DTS automatically adds the CIDR blocks of DTS servers to the whitelist of the database instance or ECS security group rules. For more information, see Add the CIDR blocks of DTS servers to the security settings of on-premises databases. If the source or destination database is a self-managed database on data centers or is from other cloud service providers, you must manually add the CIDR blocks of DTS servers to allow DTS to access the database.
    • If the CIDR blocks of DTS servers are automatically or manually added to the whitelist of the database, Alibaba Cloud database instance, or ECS security group rules, security risks may arise. Therefore, before you use DTS to migrate data, you must understand and acknowledge the potential risks and take preventive measures, including but not limited to the following measures: enhancing the security of your username and password, limiting the ports that are exposed, authenticating API calls, regularly checking the whitelist or ECS security group rules and forbidding unauthorized CIDR blocks, or connecting the database to DTS by using Express Connect, VPN Gateway, or Smart Access Gateway.
    • After the DTS task is complete or released, we recommend that you manually detect and remove the added CIDR blocks from the whitelist of the database, Alibaba Cloud database instance, or ECS security group rules.
  5. Select objects for the task and configure advanced settings.
    Parameter Description
    Task Stages
    • To perform only full data migration, select Schema Migration and Full Data Migration.
    • To ensure service continuity during data migration, select Schema Migration, Full Data Migration, and Incremental Data Migration.
    Note If Incremental Data Migration is not selected, we recommend that you do not write data to the source instance during data migration. This ensures data consistency between the source and destination instances.
    Processing Mode of Conflicting Tables

    • Precheck and Report Errors: checks whether the destination database contains tables that have the same names as tables in the source database. If the source and destination databases do not contain tables that have the same names, the precheck is passed. Otherwise, an error is returned during the precheck and the data migration task cannot be started.

      Note You can use the object name mapping feature to rename the tables that are migrated to the destination database. You can use this feature if the source and destination databases contain tables that have identical names and the tables in the destination database cannot be deleted or renamed. For more information, see Map object names .
    • Ignore Errors and Proceed: skips the precheck for identical table names in the source and destination databases.
      Warning If you select Ignore Errors and Proceed, data consistency is not ensured, and your business may be exposed to potential risks.
      • If the source and destination databases have the same schema, DTS does not migrate data records that have the same primary keys as data records in the destination database.
      • If the source and destination databases have different schemas, only specific columns are migrated or the data migration task fails.
    Data Format in Kafka The format in which data is stored in the Message Queue for Apache Kafka instance.
    • If you select DTS Avro, data is parsed based on the schema definition of DTS Avro. For more information, visit GitHub.
    • If you select Canal Json, data is stored in the Canal JSON format. For more information about the related parameters and examples, see the "Canal JSON" section of the Data formats of a Kafka cluster topic.
    Policy for Shipping Data to Kafka Partitions Select a migration policy based on your business requirements. For more information, see Specify the policy for migrating data to Kafka partitions.
    Source Objects

    Select one or more objects from the Source Objects section. Click the Rightwards arrow icon and add the objects to the Selected Objects section.

    Note You can select columns, tables, or schemas as the objects to be migrated. If you select tables or columns as the objects to be migrated, DTS does not migrate other objects such as views, triggers, or stored procedures to the destination database.
    Selected Objects
    • To rename an object that you want to migrate to the destination instance, right-click the object in the Selected Objects section. For more information, see Map the name of a single object.
    • To rename multiple objects at a time, click Batch Edit in the upper-right corner of the Selected Objects section. For more information, see Map multiple object names at a time.
    Note
    • If you use the object name mapping feature to rename an object, other objects that are dependent on the object may fail to be migrated.
    • To specify WHERE conditions to filter data, right-click an object in the Selected Objects section. In the dialog box that appears, specify the conditions. For more information, see Use SQL conditions to filter data.
    • To select the SQL operations performed on a specific database or table, right-click an object in the Selected Objects section. In the dialog box that appears, select the SQL operations that you want to migrate. For more information about the SQL operations that can be migrated, see SQL operations that can be synchronized during incremental data migration.
  6. Click Next: Advanced Settings to configure advanced settings.
    Parameter Description
    Set Alerts
    Specifies whether to set alerts for the data migration task. If the task fails or the migration latency exceeds the threshold, the alert contacts will receive notifications. Valid values:
    • No: does not set alerts.
    • Yes: sets alerts. If you select Yes, you must also set the alert threshold and alert contacts.
    Capitalization of Object Names in Destination Instance The capitalization of database names, table names, and column names in the destination instance. By default, DTS default policy is selected. You can select other options to make sure that the capitalization of object names is consistent with that in the source or destination database. For more information, see Specify the capitalization of object names in the destination instance.
    Retry Time for Failed Connections
    The retry time range for failed connections. If the source or destination database fails to be connected after the data migration task is started, DTS immediately retries a connection within the time range. Valid values: 10 to 1440. Unit: minutes. Default value: 120. We recommend that you set the parameter to a value greater than 30. If DTS reconnects to the source and destination databases within the specified retry time range, DTS resumes the data migration task. Otherwise, the data migration task fails.
    Note
    • If you set different retry time ranges for multiple data migration tasks that have the same source or destination database, the shortest retry time range that is set takes precedence.
    • When DTS retries a connection, you are charged for the DTS instance. We recommend that you specify the retry time range based on your business requirements. You can also release the DTS instance at your earliest opportunity after the source and destination instances are released.
    Configure ETL
    Specify whether to configure the extract, transform, and load (ETL) feature. For more information, see What is ETL?.
    Whether to delete SQL operations on heartbeat tables of forward and reverse tasks
    Specifies whether to write SQL operations on heartbeat tables to the source database while the DTS instance is running.
    • Yes: does not write SQL operations on heartbeat tables. In this case, latency of the DTS instance may be displayed.
    • No: writes SQL operations on heartbeat tables. In this case, features such as physical backup and cloning of the source database may be affected.
  7. In the lower part of the page, click Next: Save Task Settings and Precheck.
    Note
    • Before you can start the data migration task, DTS performs a precheck. You can start the data migration task only after the task passes the precheck.
    • If the task fails to pass the precheck, you can click the Info icon icon next to each failed item to view details.
      • You can troubleshoot the issues based on the causes and run a precheck again.
      • If you do not need to troubleshoot the issues, you can ignore failed items and run a precheck again.
  8. Wait until the Success Rate becomes 100%. Then, click Next: Purchase Instance.
  9. On the Purchase Instance page, specify the Instance Class parameter for the data migration instance. The following table describes the parameter.
    Section Parameter Description
    Parameters Instance Class

    DTS provides several instance classes that have different performance in migration speed. You can select an instance class based on your business scenario. For more information, see Specifications of data migration instances.

  10. Read and select Data Transmission Service (Pay-as-you-go) Service Terms.
  11. Click Buy and Start to start the data migration task. You can view the progress of the task in the task list.