This topic describes how to migrate data from an ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB TX instance to an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance by using Data Transmission Service (DTS). DTS supports schema migration, full data migration, and incremental data migration. When you configure a data migration task, you can select all the supported migration types to ensure service continuity.

Prerequisites

An ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance is created. For more information, see Create an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance.
Note The available storage space of the ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance is larger than the total size of the data in the ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB TX instance.

Precautions

  • DTS uses read and write resources of the source and destination databases during full data migration. This may increase the loads of the database servers. If the database performance is unfavorable, the specification is low, or the data volume is large, database services may become unavailable. For example, DTS occupies a large amount of read and write resources in the following cases: a large number of slow SQL queries are performed on the source database, the tables have no primary keys, or a deadlock occurs in the destination database. Before you migrate data, evaluate the impact of data migration on the performance of the source and destination databases. We recommend that you migrate data during off-peak hours. For example, you can migrate data when the CPU utilization of the source and destination databases is less than 30%.
  • The tables to be migrated in the source database must have PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE constraints and all fields must be unique. Otherwise, the destination database may contain duplicate data records.
  • If a data migration task fails, DTS automatically resumes the task. Before you switch your workloads to the destination instance, stop or release the data migration task. Otherwise, the data in the source instance overwrites the data in the destination instance after the task is resumed.

Billing

Migration type Task configuration fee Internet traffic fee
Schema migration and full data migration Free of charge. Charged only when data is migrated from Alibaba Cloud over the Internet. For more information, see Pricing.
Incremental data migration Charged. For more information, see Pricing.

Migration types

  • Schema migration

    DTS migrates the schemas of required objects to the destination database. DTS supports schema migration for the following types of objects: table, view, trigger, stored procedure, and function. DTS does not support schema migration for events.

    Note
    • During schema migration, DTS changes the value of the SECURITY attribute from DEFINER to INVOKER for views, stored procedures, and functions.
    • DTS does not migrate user information. To call a view, stored procedure, or function of the destination database, you must grant read and write permissions to INVOKER.
  • Full data migration
    DTS migrates the historical data of required objects to the destination database.
    Note
    • During full data migration, concurrent INSERT operations cause fragmentation in the tables of the destination database. After full data migration is complete, the size of used tablespace of the destination database is larger than that of the source database.
    • To ensure successful data migration, we recommend that you do not perform DDL operations on the source database during full data migration.
  • Incremental data migration

    After full data migration is complete, DTS retrieves binary log files from the source database, and migrates incremental data to the destination database in real time.

SQL operations that can be synchronized during incremental data migration

Operation type SQL statements
DML INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and REPLACE
DDL
  • ALTER TABLE and ALTER VIEW
  • CREATE FUNCTION, CREATE INDEX, CREATE PROCEDURE, CREATE TABLE, and CREATE VIEW
  • DROP INDEX and DROP TABLE
  • RENAME TABLE
  • TRUNCATE TABLE

Permissions required for database accounts

Database Schema migration Full data migration Incremental data migration
ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB TX instance The SELECT permission The SELECT permission The REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT, SHOW VIEW, and SELECT permissions
ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance Read and write permissions Read and write permissions Read and write permissions

For more information about how to create a database account and grant permissions to the account, see the following topics:

Procedure

  1. Log on to the DTS console.
  2. In the left-side navigation pane, click Data Migration.
  3. At the top of the Migration Tasks page, select the region where the destination cluster resides.
  4. In the upper-right corner of the page, click Create Migration Task.
  5. Configure the source and destination databases.
    Configure the source and destination databases
    Section Parameter Description
    N/A Task Name The task name that DTS automatically generates. We recommend that you specify a descriptive name that makes it easy to identify the task. You do not need to specify a unique task name.
    Source Database Instance Type Select RDS Instance.
    Instance Region The region where the source ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB TX instance resides.
    RDS Instance ID The ID of the source ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB TX instance.
    Database Account The database account of the source ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB TX instance. For more information about the permissions that are required for the account, see Permissions required for database accounts.
    Database Password The password of the database account.

    After you specify the source database parameters, click Test Connectivity next to Database Password to verify whether the specified parameters are valid.

    Note If the specified parameters are valid, the Passed message is displayed. If the Failed message is displayed, click Check next to Failed. Modify the source database parameters based on the check results.
    Destination Instance Details Instance Type Select RDS Instance.
    Instance Region The region where the destination ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance resides.
    RDS Instance ID The ID of the destination ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance.
    Database Account The database account of the destination ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance. For more information about the permissions that are required for the account, see Permissions required for database accounts.
    Database Password The password of the database account.

    After you specify the destination database parameters, click Test Connectivity next to Database Password to verify whether the specified parameters are valid.

    Note If the specified parameters are valid, the Passed message is displayed. If the Failed message is displayed, click Check next to Failed. Modify the destination database parameters based on the check results.
    Encryption Select Non-encrypted or SSL-encrypted. If you want to select SSL-encrypted, you must enable SSL encryption for the ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance before you configure the data migration task. For more information, see Configure SSL encryption for an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance.
    Note The Encryption parameter is available only for regions in the Chinese mainland and the China (Hong Kong) region.
  6. In the lower-right corner of the page, click Set Whitelist and Next.
  7. Select migration types and the objects to migrate.
    Select migration types and the objects to migrate
    Setting Description
    Select the migration types
    • To perform only full migration, select Schema Migration and Full Data Migration.
    • To ensure service continuity during data migration, select Schema Migration, Full Data Migration, and Incremental Data Migration.
    Notice If Incremental Data Migration is not selected, we recommend that you do not write data to the source database during full data migration. This ensures data consistency between the source and destination databases.
    Select the objects to be migrated

    Select one or more objects from the Available section and click the Rightwards arrow icon to move the objects to the Selected section.

    Notice
    • You can select columns, tables, or databases as the objects to be migrated.
    • By default, after an object is migrated to the destination database, the name of the object remains unchanged. You can use the object name mapping feature to rename the objects that are migrated to the destination database. For more information, see Object name mapping.
    • If you use the object name mapping feature to rename an object, other objects that are dependent on the object may fail to be migrated.
    Specify whether to rename objects You can use the object name mapping feature to rename the objects that are migrated to the destination instance. For more information, see Object name mapping.
    Specify the retry time for failed connections to the source or destination database By default, if DTS fails to connect to the source or destination database, DTS retries within the next 720 minutes (12 hours). You can specify the retry time based on your needs. If DTS reconnects to the source and destination databases within the specified time, DTS resumes the data migration task. Otherwise, the data migration task fails.
    Note When DTS retries a connection, you are charged for the DTS instance. We recommend that you specify the retry time based on your business needs. You can also release the DTS instance at your earliest opportunity after the source and destination instances are released.
    Specify whether to copy temporary tables to the destination database when DMS performs online DDL operations on the source table If you use Data Management (DMS) to perform online DDL operations on the source database, you can specify whether to migrate temporary tables generated by online DDL operations.
    • Yes: DTS migrates the data of temporary tables generated by online DDL operations.
      Note If online DDL operations generate a large amount of data, the data migration task may be delayed.
    • No: DTS does not migrate the data of temporary tables generated by online DDL operations. Only the original DDL data of the source database is migrated.
      Note If you select No, the tables in the destination database may be locked.
  8. In the lower-right corner of the page, click Precheck.
    Note
    • Before you can start the data migration task, a precheck is performed. You can start the data migration task only after the task passes the precheck.
    • If the task fails to pass the precheck, you can click the Info icon icon next to each failed item to view details.
      • You can troubleshoot the issues based on the causes and run a precheck again.
      • If you do not need to troubleshoot the issues, you can ignore failed items and run a precheck again.
  9. After the task passes the precheck, click Next.
  10. In the Confirm Settings dialog box, specify the Channel Specification parameter and select Data Transmission Service (Pay-As-You-Go) Service Terms.
  11. Click Buy and Start to start the data migration task.

Stop the migration task

Warning We recommend that you prepare a rollback solution to migrate incremental data from the destination database to the source database in real time. This allows you to minimize the negative impact of switching your workloads to the destination database. For more information, see Switch workloads to the destination database. If you do not need to switch your workloads, you can perform the following steps to stop the migration task.
  • Full data migration

    Do not manually stop a task during full data migration. Otherwise, the system may fail to migrate all data. Wait until the migration task automatically ends.

  • Incremental data migration

    The task does not automatically end during incremental data migration. You must manually stop the migration task.

    1. Wait until the task progress bar shows Incremental Data Migration and The migration task is not delayed. Then, stop writing data to the source database for a few minutes. In some cases, the progress bar shows the delay time of incremental data migration.
    2. After the status of incremental data migration changes to The migration task is not delayed, manually stop the migration task.Stop a task during incremental migration

What to do next

The database accounts that are used for data migration have read and write permissions. After data migration is complete, you must delete the database accounts of both the ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB TX and ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instances to ensure database security.