Elastic Compute Service:Stop or restart an instance with a Cloud Assistant command

Gerekli bilgileri hazırlayın.

1. RAM kullanıcısının AccessKey çiftini edinin. Bkz. Erişim anahtarı çifti oluşturma.

2. Bölgelerin listesini almak için DescribeRegions API'sini çağırın. Bkz. DescribeRegions.

3. Belirli koşulları karşılayan örnekleri filtrelemek için DescribeInstances API'sini çağırın. Bkz. DescribeInstances.

Yerel ortamı yapılandırın ve örnek kodu çalıştırın.

1. Python için Alibaba Cloud SDK'yı yükleyin veya yükseltin.

   sudo pip install --upgrade alibabacloud_ecs20140526

2. Bir .py dosyası oluşturun ve aşağıdaki örnek kodu ekleyin.

   Örnek kodu görüntülemek için tıklayın

   # coding=utf-8
   # If the Python SDK is not installed, run 'sudo pip install alibabacloud_ecs20140526'.
   # Make sure you use the latest SDK version.
   # Run 'sudo pip install --upgrade alibabacloud_ecs20140526' to upgrade.
   
   import base64
   import logging
   import os
   import sys
   import time
   
   from alibabacloud_ecs20140526.client import Client as Ecs20140526Client
   from alibabacloud_ecs20140526.models import (
       DescribeInvocationResultsRequest,
       DescribeInstancesRequest,
       RunCommandRequest,
       RebootInstancesRequest
   )
   from alibabacloud_tea_openapi.models import Config
   
   # Configure the log output formatter.
   logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO,
                       format="%(asctime)s %(name)s [%(levelname)s]: %(message)s",
                       datefmt='%m-%d %H:%M')
   
   logger = logging.getLogger()
   
   # Make sure that the ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID and ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET environment variables are set in the runtime environment.
   # If your project code is leaked, your AccessKey pair may be compromised, threatening the security of all resources in your account. The following sample code uses environment variables to get the AccessKey pair. This method is for reference only. For better security, use STS tokens.
   access_key = os.environ['ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID']
   access_key_secret = os.environ['ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET']
   region_id = '<yourRegionId>'  # Enter the region ID that you obtained.
   
   ecs_config = Config(
       access_key_id=access_key,
       access_key_secret=access_key_secret,
       endpoint=f'ecs.{region_id}.aliyuncs.com'
   )
   client = Ecs20140526Client(ecs_config)
   
   def base64_decode(content, code='utf-8'):
       if sys.version_info.major == 2:
           return base64.b64decode(content)
       else:
           return base64.b64decode(content).decode(code)
   
   def get_invoke_result(invoke_id):
       request = DescribeInvocationResultsRequest(
           region_id=region_id,
           invoke_id=invoke_id
       )
       response = client.describe_invocation_results(request)
       response_details = response.body.invocation.invocation_results.invocation_result
       dict_res = {detail.instance_id: {"status": detail.invocation_status,
                                        "output": base64_decode(detail.output)} for detail in
                   response_details}
       return dict_res
   
   def get_instances_status(instance_ids):
       request = DescribeInstancesRequest(
           region_id=region_id,
           instance_ids=str(instance_ids)
       )
       response = client.describe_instances(request)
       response_details = response.body.instances.instance
       dict_res = {detail.instance_id: {"status": detail.status} for detail in response_details}
       return dict_res
   
   def run_command(cmdtype, cmdcontent, instance_ids, timeout=60):
       """
       cmdtype: The command type. Valid values: RunBatScript, RunPowerShellScript, and RunShellScript.
       cmdcontent: The content of the command.
       instance_ids: A list of instance IDs.
       """
       try:
           request = RunCommandRequest(
               region_id=region_id,
               type=cmdtype,
               command_content=cmdcontent,
               instance_id=instance_ids,
               timeout=timeout  # The command execution timeout period in seconds. The default value is 60. Set an appropriate timeout period based on the command to be executed.
           )
           response = client.run_command(request)
           return response.body.invoke_id
       except Exception as e:
           logger.error("run command failed", exc_info=True)
   
   def reboot_instances(instance_ids, Force=False):
       """
       instance_ids: A list of instance IDs to restart.
       Force: Specifies whether to forcefully restart the instances. The default is False.
       """
       request = RebootInstancesRequest(
           region_id=region_id,
           instance_id=instance_ids,
           force_reboot=Force
       )
       response = client.reboot_instances(request)
   
   def wait_invoke_finished_get_out(invoke_id, wait_count, wait_interval):
       for i in range(wait_count):
           result = get_invoke_result(invoke_id)
           if set([res['status'] for _, res in result.items()]) & set(["Running", "Pending", "Stopping"]):
               time.sleep(wait_interval)
           else:
               return result
       return result
   
   def wait_instance_reboot_ready(ins_ids, wait_count, wait_interval):
       for i in range(wait_count):
           result = get_instances_status(ins_ids)
           if set([res['status'] for _, res in result.items()]) != set(["Running"]):
               time.sleep(wait_interval)
           else:
               return result
       return result
   
   def run_task():
       # Set the type of the Cloud Assistant command.
       cmdtype = "RunShellScript"
       # Set the content of the Cloud Assistant command.
       cmdcontent = """
       #!/bin/bash
       echo helloworld
       """
       # Set the timeout period.
       timeout = 60
       # Enter the IDs of the instances on which to run the command and then restart.
       ins_ids = ["i-bp185fcs****", "i-bp14wwh****", "i-bp13jbr****"]
   
       # Execute the command.
       invoke_id = run_command(cmdtype, cmdcontent, ins_ids, timeout)
       logger.info("run command,invoke-id:%s" % invoke_id)
   
       if invoke_id is None:
           logger.error("Failed to run command, stopping further execution")
           return
   
       # Wait for the command to finish. The system queries the status 10 times at an interval of 5 seconds. Configure the number of queries and the interval as needed.
       invoke_result = wait_invoke_finished_get_out(invoke_id, 10, 5)
       for ins_id, res in invoke_result.items():
           logger.info(
               "instance %s command execute finished,status: %s,output:%s" % (ins_id, res['status'], res['output']))
   
       # Restart the instances.
       logger.warning("reboot instance Now")
       reboot_instances(ins_ids)
   
       time.sleep(5)
       # Wait for the instances to restart and enter the Running state. The system queries the status 30 times at an interval of 10 seconds.
       reboot_result = wait_instance_reboot_ready(ins_ids, 30, 10)
       logger.warning("reboot instance Finished")
       for ins_id, res in reboot_result.items():
           logger.info("instance %s status: %s" % (ins_id, res['status']))
   
   if __name__ == '__main__':
       run_task()
   

   Örnek kodda aşağıdaki değerleri kendi bilgilerinizle değiştirin:

   • AccessKey ID: access_key = os.environ['ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID']

   • AccessKey secret: access_key_secret = os.environ['ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET']

   • Bölge Kimliği: region_id = '<yourRegionId>'

   • Örnek Kimlikleri: ins_ids= ["i-bp185fcs****","i-bp14wwh****","i-bp13jbr****"]

3. .py dosyasını çalıştırın.

   Aşağıdaki çıktı sonucu gösterir. helloworld komutu 3 örnekte çalıştırılır ve örnekler otomatik olarak yeniden başlatılır:

   [root@iZxxx ~]# vim runcommand_reboot_instances.py
   [root@iZxxx ~]# ls
   runcommand_reboot_instances.py
   [root@iZxxx ~]# python runcommand_reboot_instances.py
   /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/aliyunsdkcore/auth/algorithm/sha_hmac256.py:20: CryptographyDeprecationWarning: Python 2 is now deprecated in cryptography, and will be removed in the next release.
     from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend
   09-18 14:33 root [INFO]: run command,invoke-id:t-hz0xxxxx
   09-18 14:34 root [INFO]: instance i-bp185fcs**** command execute finished,status: Finished,output:helloworld
   
   09-18 14:34 root [INFO]: instance i-bp14wwh**** command execute finished,status: Finished,output:helloworld
   
   09-18 14:34 root [INFO]: instance i-bp13jbr**** command execute finished,status: Finished,output:helloworld
   
   09-18 14:34 root [WARNING]: reboot instance Now
   09-18 14:39 root [WARNING]: reboot instance Finished
   09-18 14:39 root [INFO]: instance i-bp185fcs**** status: Running
   09-18 14:39 root [INFO]: instance i-bp14wwh**** status: Running
   09-18 14:39 root [INFO]: instance i-bp13jbr**** status: Running

Şablon yapılandırma sayfasına gidin.

1. OOS konsoluna giriş yapın.

2. Automated Tasks > Custom Template seçeneğini belirleyin.

3. Create Template öğesini tıklayın.

Şablon yapılandırmasını tamamlayın.

1. Create Template sayfasında varsayılan ayarları koruyun ve Next öğesini tıklayın.

2. YAML sekmesini tıklayın ve aşağıdaki kodu girin.

   Örnek kodu görüntülemek için tıklayın

   FormatVersion: OOS-2019-06-01
   Description:
     en: Run a Cloud Assistant command on multiple ECS instances in a batch and then restart them.
     name-en: Batch Run Command and Restart ECS Instances
     categories:
       - run_command
   Parameters:
     regionId:
       Type: String
       Description:
         en: The ID of the region.
       Label:
         en: Region
       AssociationProperty: RegionId
       Default: '{{ ACS::RegionId }}'
     targets:
       Type: Json
       Label:
         en: Target Instances   
       AssociationProperty: Targets
       AssociationPropertyMetadata:
         ResourceType: ALIYUN::ECS::Instance
         RegionId: regionId
     commandType:
       Description:
         en: The type of the command.
         
       Label:
         en: Command Type
         
       Type: String
       AllowedValues:
         - RunBatScript
         - RunPowerShellScript
         - RunShellScript
       Default: RunShellScript
     commandContent:
       Description:
         en: The command content to execute on the ECS instance.
         
       Label:
         en: Command Content
         
       Type: String
       MaxLength: 16384
       AssociationProperty: Code
       Default: echo hello
     workingDir:
       Description:
         en: 'The directory where the command runs on the ECS instances. For Linux instances, the default is the home directory of the root user (/root). For Windows instances, the default is the directory where the Cloud Assistant client process is located, such as C:\Windows\System32.'
       Label:
         en: Working Directory
         
       Type: String
       Default: ''
     timeout:
       Description:
         en: The timeout period for command execution on an ECS instance.  
       Label:
         en: Timeout
       Type: Number
       Default: 600
     enableParameter:
       Description:
         en: Specifies whether the command contains secret or custom parameters.
       Label:
         en: Enable Parameters
       Type: Boolean
       Default: false
     username:
       Description:
         en: The username used to run the command on the ECS instance.
       Label:
         en: Username
       Type: String
       Default: ''
     windowsPasswordName:
       Description:
         en: The name of the password for the user who runs the command on a Windows instance.
       Label:
         en: Windows Password Name
       Type: String
       Default: ''
       AssociationProperty: SecretParameterName
     rateControl:
       Description:
         en: The concurrency ratio for task execution.
       Label:
         en: Rate Control
       Type: Json
       AssociationProperty: RateControl
       Default:
         Mode: Concurrency
         MaxErrors: 0
         Concurrency: 10
     OOSAssumeRole:
       Description:
         en: The RAM role that OOS assumes.
       Label:
         en: OOS Assume Role 
       Type: String
       Default: OOSServiceRole
   RamRole: '{{ OOSAssumeRole }}'
   Tasks:
     - Name: getInstance
       Description:
         en: Get the ECS instances.
       Action: ACS::SelectTargets
       Properties:
         ResourceType: ALIYUN::ECS::Instance
         RegionId: '{{ regionId }}'
         Filters:
           - '{{ targets }}'
       Outputs:
         instanceIds:
           Type: List
           ValueSelector: Instances.Instance[].InstanceId
     - Name: runCommand
       Action: ACS::ECS::RunCommand
       Description:
         en: Execute the Cloud Assistant command.
       Properties:
         regionId: '{{ regionId }}'
         commandContent: '{{ commandContent }}'
         instanceId: '{{ ACS::TaskLoopItem }}'
         commandType: '{{ commandType }}'
         workingDir: '{{ workingDir }}'
         timeout: '{{ timeout }}'
         enableParameter: '{{ enableParameter }}'
         username: '{{ username }}'
         windowsPasswordName: '{{ windowsPasswordName }}'
       Loop:
         RateControl: '{{ rateControl }}'
         Items: '{{ getInstance.instanceIds }}'
         Outputs:
           commandOutputs:
             AggregateType: Fn::ListJoin
             AggregateField: commandOutput
       Outputs:
         commandOutput:
           Type: String
           ValueSelector: invocationOutput
     - Name: rebootInstance
       Action: ACS::ECS::RebootInstance
       Description:
         en: Restart the ECS instances.
       Properties:
         regionId: '{{ regionId }}'
         instanceId: '{{ ACS::TaskLoopItem }}'
       Loop:
         RateControl: '{{ rateControl }}'
         Items: '{{ getInstance.instanceIds }}'
   Outputs:
     instanceIds:
       Type: List
       Value: '{{ getInstance.instanceIds }}'

3. Create Template öğesini tıklayın.

4. Açılan iletişim kutusunda şablon adı olarak runcommand_reboot_instances girin ve OK öğesini tıklayın.

Şablonu yürütün.

1. Az önce oluşturduğunuz şablonu bulun ve Actions sütununda Create an execution öğesini tıklayın.

2. Yürütme yapılandırmasını tamamlayın.

   Yapılandırmayı tamamlamak için istemleri izleyin. Parameter Settings sayfasında birden fazla örnek seçin ve diğer ayarları varsayılan olarak bırakın. Örnek aşağıdaki parametre ayarlarını kullanır:

   • Bölge: China (Hangzhou) seçin

   • Hedef Örnekler: Select Instances Manually seçeneğini belirleyin, ardından komutu çalıştırmak istediğiniz ECS örneklerini eklemek için Select Instances öğesini tıklayın

   • Komut Türü: RunShellScript seçin

   • Komut İçeriği: echo hello girin

3. OK sayfasında Create öğesini tıklayın.

   Şablon otomatik olarak yürütülür. Basic Information sayfasında Execution Status durumu Successful olarak değişene kadar bekleyin.

Yürütme sürecini ve görev düğümü ayrıntılarını görüntüleyin.

1. Execution Steps And Results bölümünde yürütme sürecini görüntülemek için View Execution Flowchart öğesini tıklayın. Yürütme akış şeması, görevin sırasıyla Get ECS Instances, Run Cloud Assistant Command ve Restart Instances aşamalarından geçtiğini ve tümünün başarıyla yürütüldüğünü gösterir.

2. Cloud Assistant komut yürütme adımını tıklayın. Döngü görev listesi sekmesinde her görev düğümünün yürütme ayrıntılarını görüntüleyin. Planlanan tüm işlemler başarıyla tamamlanmıştır.