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AnalyticDB:Pengujian kinerja TPC-H untuk Versi 6.0

Last Updated:Mar 29, 2026

Topik ini memandu Anda melalui pengujian kinerja TPC-H lengkap pada AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL V6.0 — mulai dari menghasilkan set data 1 TB dan membuat tabel hingga memuat data dari OSS serta menjalankan ke-22 kueri. Pada akhirnya, Anda akan memperoleh hasil benchmark yang dapat direproduksi pada kluster MPP dengan 32 node komputasi.

Catatan

Pengujian yang dijelaskan dalam topik ini didasarkan pada benchmark TPC-H tetapi tidak memenuhi seluruh persyaratannya. Hasilnya tidak dapat dibandingkan dengan hasil benchmark TPC-H resmi yang dipublikasikan.

Tentang TPC-H

Deskripsi berikut dikutip dari spesifikasi TPC Benchmark™ H (TPC-H):

"TPC-H adalah benchmark decision support. Benchmark ini terdiri atas serangkaian kueri ad hoc berorientasi bisnis dan modifikasi data secara konkuren. Kueri dan data yang mengisi database dipilih karena relevansinya yang luas di berbagai industri. Benchmark ini menggambarkan sistem decision support yang menganalisis volume data besar, menjalankan kueri dengan tingkat kompleksitas tinggi, serta memberikan jawaban atas pertanyaan bisnis kritis."

Untuk spesifikasi lengkapnya, lihat Spesifikasi Standar TPC Benchmark™ H.

Prasyarat

Sebelum memulai, pastikan Anda telah memiliki:

  • Akun Alibaba Cloud account

  • Instans AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat Buat instans.

  • Instans Elastic Compute Service (ECS). Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat Metode pembuatan.

  • Layanan Object Storage Service (OSS) diaktifkan, dengan bucket yang telah dibuat. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat Buat bucket.

  • Alamat IP instans ECS ditambahkan ke daftar putih alamat IP instans AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat Konfigurasikan daftar putih alamat IP.

  • psql diinstal pada instans ECS. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat bagian psql pada topik koneksi client.

Lingkungan pengujian yang digunakan dalam topik ini

Instans AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL memiliki spesifikasi berikut:

ParameterNilai
Versi engineEdisi Standar 6.0
Spesifikasi node komputasi2 core, 16 GB
Jumlah node komputasi32
Jenis diskEnhanced SSD (ESSD)
Kapasitas penyimpanan per node komputasi200 GB

Instans ECS memiliki spesifikasi berikut:

ParameterNilai
Tipe instansecs.g6e.4xlarge
Sistem operasiCentOS 7.x
Disk sistemPL1 ESSD, 40 GiB
Data diskPL3 ESSD, 2.048 GiB
Catatan

Inisialisasi data disk ECS sebelum digunakan. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat Inisialisasi data disk berukuran tidak lebih dari 2 TiB pada instans Linux.

Ikhtisar skema

Benchmark TPC-H menggunakan 8 tabel yang memodelkan rantai pasok produk. Dua tabel dimensi kecil (NATION dan REGION) direplikasi di semua node komputasi. Enam tabel lainnya didistribusikan berdasarkan kunci primer untuk menyebarkan data di seluruh node.

Tabel-tabel tersebut saling berelasi sebagai berikut: LINEITEM merupakan tabel fakta utama, yang dihubungkan ke ORDERS melalui kunci pesanan dan ke PART serta SUPPLIER melalui kunci part dan kunci supplier. ORDERS dihubungkan ke CUSTOMER melalui kunci pelanggan. PARTSUPP merepresentasikan hubungan many-to-many antara PART dan SUPPLIER. Baik SUPPLIER maupun CUSTOMER dihubungkan ke NATION, yang kemudian dihubungkan ke REGION.

TabelDistribusiPeran
LINEITEMDISTRIBUTED BY (L_ORDERKEY)Tabel fakta terbesar; satu baris per item baris pesanan
ORDERSDISTRIBUTED BY (O_ORDERKEY)Catatan header pesanan
CUSTOMERDISTRIBUTED BY (C_CUSTKEY)Catatan pelanggan
PARTDISTRIBUTED BY (P_PARTKEY)Katalog part
SUPPLIERDISTRIBUTED BY (S_SUPPKEY)Catatan supplier
PARTSUPPDISTRIBUTED BY (PS_PARTKEY)Hubungan dan biaya pemasok suku cadang
NATIONDISTRIBUTED ReplicatedTabel dimensi 25 baris
REGIONDISTRIBUTED ReplicatedTabel dimensi 5 baris

Semua tabel menggunakan penyimpanan kolom append-only dengan kompresi LZ4 (APPENDONLY=TRUE, ORIENTATION=COLUMN, COMPRESSTYPE=LZ4, COMPRESSLEVEL=9). Tabel ORDERS dan LINEITEM juga menetapkan kolom kunci pengurutan untuk mempercepat kueri rentang berdasarkan tanggal pesanan dan tanggal pengiriman.

Hasilkan data uji

  1. Login ke instans ECS. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat Hubungkan ke instans.

  2. Unduh kode sumber TPC-H DBGEN ke data disk dan kompilasi. Pada contoh ini, data disk dipasang di /mnt.

    wget https://github.com/electrum/tpch-dbgen/archive/refs/heads/master.zip
    yum install -y unzip zip
    unzip master.zip
    cd tpch-dbgen-master/
    echo "#define EOL_HANDLING 1" >> config.h   # Menghapus trailing | dari setiap baris
    make
    ./dbgen --help
  3. Hasilkan set data 1 TB (faktor skala 1000). Pisahkan data menjadi 32 file — satu per node komputasi — sehingga setiap node dapat mengimpor file-nya sendiri secara paralel.

    Catatan
    • Pada TPC-H, faktor skala (SF) berkorespondensi langsung dengan volume data: 1 SF = 1 GB, sehingga SF 1000 = 1 TB. Setiap SF mencakup 8 tabel, tidak termasuk penyimpanan indeks. Sediakan ruang disk tambahan minimal sebesar 1 SF.

    • Pembuatan data memerlukan waktu signifikan. Periksa progres dengan ps -fHU $USER | grep dbgen.

    for((i=1;i<=32;i++));
    do
        ./dbgen -s 1000 -S $i -C 32 -f &
    done

Buat tabel uji

  1. Hubungkan ke instans AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL menggunakan psql. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut, lihat bagian psql pada topik koneksi client.

  2. Buat 8 tabel TPC-H:

    CREATE TABLE NATION (
        N_NATIONKEY  INTEGER NOT NULL,
        N_NAME       CHAR(25) NOT NULL,
        N_REGIONKEY  INTEGER NOT NULL,
        N_COMMENT    VARCHAR(152)
    )
    WITH (APPENDONLY=TRUE, ORIENTATION=COLUMN, COMPRESSTYPE=LZ4, COMPRESSLEVEL=9)
    DISTRIBUTED Replicated
    ;
    
    CREATE TABLE REGION (
        R_REGIONKEY  INTEGER NOT NULL,
        R_NAME       CHAR(25) NOT NULL,
        R_COMMENT    VARCHAR(152)
    )
    WITH (APPENDONLY=TRUE, ORIENTATION=COLUMN, COMPRESSTYPE=LZ4, COMPRESSLEVEL=9)
    DISTRIBUTED Replicated
    ;
    
    CREATE TABLE PART (
        P_PARTKEY     INTEGER NOT NULL,
        P_NAME        VARCHAR(55) NOT NULL,
        P_MFGR        CHAR(25) NOT NULL,
        P_BRAND       CHAR(10) NOT NULL,
        P_TYPE        VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
        P_SIZE        INTEGER NOT NULL,
        P_CONTAINER   CHAR(10) NOT NULL,
        P_RETAILPRICE DECIMAL(15,2) NOT NULL,
        P_COMMENT     VARCHAR(23) NOT NULL
    )
    WITH (APPENDONLY=TRUE, ORIENTATION=COLUMN, COMPRESSTYPE=LZ4, COMPRESSLEVEL=9)
    DISTRIBUTED BY (P_PARTKEY)
    ;
    
    CREATE TABLE SUPPLIER (
        S_SUPPKEY     INTEGER NOT NULL,
        S_NAME        CHAR(25) NOT NULL,
        S_ADDRESS     VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
        S_NATIONKEY   INTEGER NOT NULL,
        S_PHONE       CHAR(15) NOT NULL,
        S_ACCTBAL     DECIMAL(15,2) NOT NULL,
        S_COMMENT     VARCHAR(101) NOT NULL
    )
    WITH (APPENDONLY=TRUE, ORIENTATION=COLUMN, COMPRESSTYPE=LZ4, COMPRESSLEVEL=9)
    DISTRIBUTED BY (S_SUPPKEY)
    ;
    
    CREATE TABLE PARTSUPP (
        PS_PARTKEY     INTEGER NOT NULL,
        PS_SUPPKEY     INTEGER NOT NULL,
        PS_AVAILQTY    INTEGER NOT NULL,
        PS_SUPPLYCOST  DECIMAL(15,2)  NOT NULL,
        PS_COMMENT     VARCHAR(199) NOT NULL
    )
    WITH (APPENDONLY=TRUE, ORIENTATION=COLUMN, COMPRESSTYPE=LZ4, COMPRESSLEVEL=9)
    DISTRIBUTED BY (PS_PARTKEY)
    ;
    
    CREATE TABLE CUSTOMER (
        C_CUSTKEY     INTEGER NOT NULL,
        C_NAME        VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
        C_ADDRESS     VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
        C_NATIONKEY   INTEGER NOT NULL,
        C_PHONE       CHAR(15) NOT NULL,
        C_ACCTBAL     DECIMAL(15,2)   NOT NULL,
        C_MKTSEGMENT  CHAR(10) NOT NULL,
        C_COMMENT     VARCHAR(117) NOT NULL
    )
    WITH (APPENDONLY=TRUE, ORIENTATION=COLUMN, COMPRESSTYPE=LZ4, COMPRESSLEVEL=9)
    DISTRIBUTED BY (C_CUSTKEY)
    ;
    
    CREATE TABLE ORDERS (
        O_ORDERKEY       BIGINT NOT NULL,
        O_CUSTKEY        INTEGER NOT NULL,
        O_ORDERSTATUS    "char" NOT NULL,
        O_TOTALPRICE     DECIMAL(15,2) NOT NULL,
        O_ORDERDATE      DATE NOT NULL,
        O_ORDERPRIORITY  CHAR(15) NOT NULL,
        O_CLERK          CHAR(15) NOT NULL,
        O_SHIPPRIORITY   INTEGER NOT NULL,
        O_COMMENT        VARCHAR(79) NOT NULL
    )
    WITH (APPENDONLY=TRUE, ORIENTATION=COLUMN, COMPRESSTYPE=LZ4, COMPRESSLEVEL=9)
    DISTRIBUTED BY (O_ORDERKEY)
    ORDER BY(O_ORDERDATE)
    ;
    
    CREATE TABLE LINEITEM (
        L_ORDERKEY    BIGINT NOT NULL,
        L_PARTKEY     INTEGER NOT NULL,
        L_SUPPKEY     INTEGER NOT NULL,
        L_LINENUMBER  INTEGER NOT NULL,
        L_QUANTITY    DECIMAL(15,2) NOT NULL,
        L_EXTENDEDPRICE  DECIMAL(15,2) NOT NULL,
        L_DISCOUNT    DECIMAL(15,2) NOT NULL,
        L_TAX         DECIMAL(15,2) NOT NULL,
        L_RETURNFLAG  "char" NOT NULL,
        L_LINESTATUS  "char" NOT NULL,
        L_SHIPDATE    DATE NOT NULL,
        L_COMMITDATE  DATE NOT NULL,
        L_RECEIPTDATE DATE NOT NULL,
        L_SHIPINSTRUCT CHAR(25) NOT NULL,
        L_SHIPMODE     CHAR(10) NOT NULL,
        L_COMMENT      VARCHAR(44) NOT NULL
    )
    WITH (APPENDONLY=TRUE, ORIENTATION=COLUMN, COMPRESSTYPE=LZ4, COMPRESSLEVEL=9)
    DISTRIBUTED BY (L_ORDERKEY)
    ORDER BY(L_SHIPDATE)
    ;

Impor data

Tabel NATION dan REGION cukup kecil sehingga dapat diimpor langsung dari instans ECS. Enam tabel besar lainnya harus melalui OSS, karena pernyataan COPY menulis data secara serial melalui node koordinator dan tidak dapat melakukan impor besar secara paralel. Penggunaan OSS memungkinkan semua node komputasi memuat data secara paralel.

Impor NATION dan REGION

Jalankan pernyataan berikut di psql:

\copy nation from '/mnt/tpch-dbgen-master/nation.tbl' DELIMITER '|';
\copy region from '/mnt/tpch-dbgen-master/region.tbl' DELIMITER '|';
Catatan

Ganti /mnt/tpch-dbgen-master dengan path aktual ke file .tbl Anda.

Impor enam tabel lainnya melalui OSS

  1. Unduh ossutil pada instans ECS:

    wget http://gosspublic.alicdn.com/ossutil/1.7.3/ossutil64
  2. Beri izin eksekusi:

    chmod 755 ossutil64
  3. Unggah file .tbl untuk masing-masing enam tabel ke bucket OSS Anda. Ganti placeholder dengan endpoint, ID AccessKey, Access Key Secret, dan nama bucket Anda yang sebenarnya:

    ls <table_name>.tbl* | while read line;
    do
    ~/ossutil64 -e <EndPoint> -i <AccessKey ID> -k <Access Key Secret> cp $line oss://<OSS Bucket>/<Directory>/ &
    done
  4. Setelah semua file diunggah, impor ke database AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut tentang sintaks pernyataan COPY, lihat Gunakan pernyataan COPY atau UNLOAD untuk mengimpor atau mengekspor data antara tabel eksternal OSS dan tabel AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL. Ganti <OSS Bucket>, <Directory>, <AccessKey ID>, <Access Key Secret>, dan <EndPoint> dengan nilai aktual Anda.

    COPY customer
    FROM 'oss://<OSS Bucket>/<Directory>/customer.tbl'
    ACCESS_KEY_ID '<AccessKey ID>'
    SECRET_ACCESS_KEY '<Access Key Secret>'
    FORMAT AS text
    "delimiter" '|'
    "null" ''
    ENDPOINT '<EndPoint>'
    FDW 'oss_fdw'
    ;
    
    COPY lineitem
    FROM 'oss://<OSS Bucket>/<Directory>/lineitem.tbl'
    ACCESS_KEY_ID '<AccessKey ID>'
    SECRET_ACCESS_KEY '<Access Key Secret>'
    FORMAT AS text
    "delimiter" '|'
    "null" ''
    ENDPOINT '<EndPoint>'
    FDW 'oss_fdw'
    ;
    
    -- Urutkan lineitem berdasarkan kolom kunci pengurutannya setelah impor.
    sort lineitem;
    
    COPY orders
    FROM 'oss://<OSS Bucket>/<Directory>/orders.tbl'
    ACCESS_KEY_ID '<AccessKey ID>'
    SECRET_ACCESS_KEY '<Access Key Secret>'
    FORMAT AS text
    "delimiter" '|'
    "null" ''
    ENDPOINT '<EndPoint>'
    FDW 'oss_fdw'
    ;
    
    -- Urutkan orders berdasarkan kolom kunci pengurutannya setelah impor.
    sort orders;
    
    COPY part
    FROM 'oss://<OSS Bucket>/<Directory>/part.tbl'
    ACCESS_KEY_ID '<AccessKey ID>'
    SECRET_ACCESS_KEY '<Access Key Secret>'
    FORMAT AS text
    "delimiter" '|'
    "null" ''
    ENDPOINT '<EndPoint>'
    FDW 'oss_fdw'
    ;
    
    COPY supplier
    FROM 'oss://<OSS Bucket>/<Directory>/supplier.tbl'
    ACCESS_KEY_ID '<AccessKey ID>'
    SECRET_ACCESS_KEY '<Access Key Secret>'
    FORMAT AS text
    "delimiter" '|'
    "null" ''
    ENDPOINT '<EndPoint>'
    FDW 'oss_fdw'
    ;
    
    COPY partsupp
    FROM 'oss://<OSS Bucket>/<Directory>/partsupp.tbl'
    ACCESS_KEY_ID '<AccessKey ID>'
    SECRET_ACCESS_KEY '<Access Key Secret>'
    FORMAT AS text
    "delimiter" '|'
    ENDPOINT '<EndPoint>'
    FDW 'oss_fdw'
    ;

Jalankan kueri

Semua 22 kueri menggunakan ekstensi laser (Odyssey), yaitu mesin akselerasi komputasi vektor AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL. Aktifkan dengan set laser.enable = on; sebelum setiap kueri, atau buat sekali saja di awal sesi dengan create extension if not exists laser;.

Tersedia dua metode: skrip shell yang mengukur waktu eksekusi ke-22 kueri secara otomatis, atau menjalankan kueri satu per satu di psql.

Jalankan semua kueri dengan skrip shell

  1. Unduh paket tpch_query.tar.gz dan ekstrak ke direktori /tpch_query.

  2. Buat file bernama query.sh dengan konten berikut. Skrip ini menjalankan Q1 hingga Q22 secara berurutan, mencatat waktu eksekusi tiap kueri dan total kumulatifnya.

    #!/bin/bash
    
    total_cost=0
    
    for i in {1..22}
    do
            echo "begin run Q${i}, tpch_query/q$i.sql , `date`"
            begin_time=`date +%s.%N`
            ./psql ${Instance endpoint} -p ${Port number} -U ${Database username} -f ~/tpch_query/q${i}.sql > ~/log/log_q${i}.out
            rc=$?
            end_time=`date +%s.%N`
            cost=`echo "$end_time-$begin_time"|bc`
            total_cost=`echo "$total_cost+$cost"|bc`
            if [ $rc -ne 0 ] ; then
                  printf "run Q%s fail, cost: %.2f, totalCost: %.2f, `date`\n" $i $cost $total_cost
             else
                  printf "run Q%s succ, cost: %.2f, totalCost: %.2f, `date`\n" $i $cost $total_cost
             fi
    done
  3. Jalankan skrip di latar belakang:

    nohup bash ~/query.sh > /tmp/tpch.log &
  4. Lihat hasilnya:

    cat /tmp/tpch.log

Jalankan kueri satu per satu di psql

Tabel berikut mencantumkan pertanyaan bisnis yang dijawab oleh masing-masing kueri TPC-H. Gunakan ini untuk mengidentifikasi kueri mana yang paling relevan bagi evaluasi Anda.

KueriPertanyaan bisnis
Q1Berapa ringkasan agregat harga untuk semua item baris yang dikirim hingga tanggal tertentu?
Q2Supplier mana yang harus dipilih untuk part tertentu di wilayah tertentu guna meminimalkan biaya?
Q3Apa pesanan belum dikirim teratas dengan pendapatan tertinggi untuk segmen pasar dan tanggal tertentu?
Q4Seberapa baik prioritas pesanan diterapkan dalam kuartal tertentu?
Q5Berapa pendapatan yang dihasilkan oleh supplier dari tiap negara dalam wilayah dan tahun tertentu?
Q6Berapa pendapatan yang hilang akibat keputusan diskon dalam tahun tertentu?
Q7Berapa arus pendapatan antara sepasang negara melalui pengiriman dalam periode tertentu?
Q8Bagaimana pangsa pasar negara supplier tertentu berubah seiring waktu dalam suatu wilayah?
Q9Apa rincian laba berdasarkan negara dan tahun untuk warna produk tertentu?
Q10Pelanggan mana yang mengembalikan barang dan berapa pendapatan yang mereka hasilkan dalam kuartal tertentu?
Q11Part mana yang mewakili porsi signifikan dari total nilai pasokan untuk negara tertentu?
Q12Bagaimana moda pengiriman memengaruhi jumlah prioritas pesanan dalam tahun tertentu?
Q13Bagaimana distribusi jumlah pesanan pelanggan di seluruh pelanggan?
Q14Berapa persen pendapatan dalam bulan tertentu berasal dari part promosi?
Q15Supplier mana yang memberikan kontribusi pendapatan terbesar dalam kuartal tertentu?
Q16Berapa banyak supplier yang dapat menyediakan part yang sesuai dengan kriteria merek, tipe, dan ukuran tertentu?
Q17Berapa perkiraan kerugian pendapatan tahunan akibat penjualan di bawah ambang batas kuantitas rata-rata untuk part tertentu?
Q18Pelanggan mana yang melakukan pesanan volume besar melebihi ambang batas kuantitas tertentu?
Q19Berapa total pendapatan diskon untuk part yang dikirim melalui udara dan memenuhi kriteria merek dan wadah tertentu?
Q20Supplier mana yang memiliki stok berlebih untuk part tertentu dibandingkan dengan ambang batas yang diturunkan dari riwayat pengiriman?
Q21Supplier mana yang gagal mengirimkan pesanan tepat waktu di negara tertentu?
Q22Berapa banyak calon pelanggan di kode negara tertentu yang memiliki saldo di atas rata-rata tetapi tidak pernah melakukan pesanan?

Setelah terhubung ke database, jalankan pernyataan berikut. Setiap kueri diawali dengan set laser.enable = on; untuk mengaktifkan mesin komputasi vektor Odyssey.

-- Buat mesin komputasi vektor Laser.
create extension if not exists laser;

-- Q1: Laporan ringkasan harga
set laser.enable = on;
select
    l_returnflag,
    l_linestatus,
    sum(l_quantity) as sum_qty,
    sum(l_extendedprice) as sum_base_price,
    sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)) as sum_disc_price,
    sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount) * (1 + l_tax)) as sum_charge,
    avg(l_quantity) as avg_qty,
    avg(l_extendedprice) as avg_price,
    avg(l_discount) as avg_disc,
    count(*) as count_order
from
    lineitem
where
    l_shipdate <= date '1998-12-01' - interval '93 day'
group by
    l_returnflag,
    l_linestatus
order by
    l_returnflag,
    l_linestatus;

-- Q2: Supplier biaya minimum
set laser.enable = on;
select
    s_acctbal,
    s_name,
    n_name,
    p_partkey,
    p_mfgr,
    s_address,
    s_phone,
    s_comment
from
    part,
    supplier,
    partsupp,
    nation,
    region
where
    p_partkey = ps_partkey
    and s_suppkey = ps_suppkey
    and p_size = 23
    and p_type like '%STEEL'
    and s_nationkey = n_nationkey
    and n_regionkey = r_regionkey
    and r_name = 'EUROPE'
    and ps_supplycost = (
        select
            min(ps_supplycost)
        from
            partsupp,
            supplier,
            nation,
            region
        where
            p_partkey = ps_partkey
            and s_suppkey = ps_suppkey
            and s_nationkey = n_nationkey
            and n_regionkey = r_regionkey
            and r_name = 'EUROPE'
    )
order by
    s_acctbal desc,
    n_name,
    s_name,
    p_partkey
limit 100;

-- Q3: Prioritas pengiriman
set laser.enable = on;
select
    l_orderkey,
    sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)) as revenue,
    o_orderdate,
    o_shippriority
from
    customer,
    orders,
    lineitem
where
    c_mktsegment = 'MACHINERY'
    and c_custkey = o_custkey
    and l_orderkey = o_orderkey
    and o_orderdate < date '1995-03-24'
    and l_shipdate > date '1995-03-24'
group by
    l_orderkey,
    o_orderdate,
    o_shippriority
order by
    revenue desc,
    o_orderdate
limit 10;

-- Q4: Pemeriksaan prioritas pesanan
set laser.enable = on;
select
    o_orderpriority,
    count(*) as order_count
from
    orders
where
    o_orderdate >= date '1996-08-01'
    and o_orderdate < date '1996-08-01' + interval '3' month
    and exists (
        select
            *
        from
            lineitem
        where
            l_orderkey = o_orderkey
            and l_commitdate < l_receiptdate
    )
group by
    o_orderpriority
order by
    o_orderpriority;

-- Q5: Volume supplier lokal
set laser.enable = on;
select
    n_name,
    sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)) as revenue
from
    customer,
    orders,
    lineitem,
    supplier,
    nation,
    region
where
    c_custkey = o_custkey
    and l_orderkey = o_orderkey
    and l_suppkey = s_suppkey
    and c_nationkey = s_nationkey
    and s_nationkey = n_nationkey
    and n_regionkey = r_regionkey
    and r_name = 'MIDDLE EAST'
    and o_orderdate >= date '1994-01-01'
    and o_orderdate < date '1994-01-01' + interval '1' year
group by
    n_name
order by
    revenue desc;

-- Q6: Perubahan pendapatan perkiraan
set laser.enable = on;
select
    sum(l_extendedprice * l_discount) as revenue
from
    lineitem
where
    l_shipdate >= date '1994-01-01'
    and l_shipdate < date '1994-01-01' + interval '1' year
    and l_discount between 0.06 - 0.01 and 0.06 + 0.01
    and l_quantity < 24;

-- Q7: Pengiriman volume
set laser.enable = on;
select
    supp_nation,
    cust_nation,
    l_year,
    sum(volume) as revenue
from
    (
        select
            n1.n_name as supp_nation,
            n2.n_name as cust_nation,
            extract(year from l_shipdate) as l_year,
            l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount) as volume
        from
            supplier,
            lineitem,
            orders,
            customer,
            nation n1,
            nation n2
        where
            s_suppkey = l_suppkey
            and o_orderkey = l_orderkey
            and c_custkey = o_custkey
            and s_nationkey = n1.n_nationkey
            and c_nationkey = n2.n_nationkey
            and (
                (n1.n_name = 'JORDAN' and n2.n_name = 'INDONESIA')
                or (n1.n_name = 'INDONESIA' and n2.n_name = 'JORDAN')
            )
            and l_shipdate between date '1995-01-01' and date '1996-12-31'
    ) as shipping
group by
    supp_nation,
    cust_nation,
    l_year
order by
    supp_nation,
    cust_nation,
    l_year;

-- Q8: Pangsa pasar nasional
set laser.enable = on;
select
    o_year,
    sum(case
        when nation = 'INDONESIA' then volume
        else 0
    end) / sum(volume) as mkt_share
from
    (
        select
            extract(year from o_orderdate) as o_year,
            l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount) as volume,
            n2.n_name as nation
        from
            part,
            supplier,
            lineitem,
            orders,
            customer,
            nation n1,
            nation n2,
            region
        where
            p_partkey = l_partkey
            and s_suppkey = l_suppkey
            and l_orderkey = o_orderkey
            and o_custkey = c_custkey
            and c_nationkey = n1.n_nationkey
            and n1.n_regionkey = r_regionkey
            and r_name = 'ASIA'
            and s_nationkey = n2.n_nationkey
            and o_orderdate between date '1995-01-01' and date '1996-12-31'
            and p_type = 'STANDARD BRUSHED BRASS'
    ) as all_nations
group by
    o_year
order by
    o_year;

-- Q9: Ukuran laba berdasarkan tipe produk
set laser.enable = on;
select
    nation,
    o_year,
    sum(amount) as sum_profit
from
    (
        select
            n_name as nation,
            extract(year from o_orderdate) as o_year,
            l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount) - ps_supplycost * l_quantity as amount
        from
            part,
            supplier,
            lineitem,
            partsupp,
            orders,
            nation
        where
            s_suppkey = l_suppkey
            and ps_suppkey = l_suppkey
            and ps_partkey = l_partkey
            and p_partkey = l_partkey
            and o_orderkey = l_orderkey
            and s_nationkey = n_nationkey
            and p_name like '%chartreuse%'
    ) as profit
group by
    nation,
    o_year
order by
    nation,
    o_year desc;

-- Q10: Pelaporan barang dikembalikan
set laser.enable = on;
select
    c_custkey,
    c_name,
    sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)) as revenue,
    c_acctbal,
    n_name,
    c_address,
    c_phone,
    c_comment
from
    customer,
    orders,
    lineitem,
    nation
where
    c_custkey = o_custkey
    and l_orderkey = o_orderkey
    and o_orderdate >= date '1994-08-01'
    and o_orderdate < date '1994-08-01' + interval '3' month
    and l_returnflag = 'R'
    and c_nationkey = n_nationkey
group by
    c_custkey,
    c_name,
    c_acctbal,
    c_phone,
    n_name,
    c_address,
    c_comment
order by
    revenue desc
limit 20;

-- Q11: Identifikasi stok penting
set laser.enable = on;
select
    ps_partkey,
    sum(ps_supplycost * ps_availqty) as value
from
    partsupp,
    supplier,
    nation
where
    ps_suppkey = s_suppkey
    and s_nationkey = n_nationkey
    and n_name = 'INDONESIA'
group by
    ps_partkey having
        sum(ps_supplycost * ps_availqty) > (
            select
                sum(ps_supplycost * ps_availqty) * 0.0001000000
            from
                partsupp,
                supplier,
                nation
            where
                ps_suppkey = s_suppkey
                and s_nationkey = n_nationkey
                and n_name = 'INDONESIA'
        )
order by
    value desc;

-- Q12: Moda pengiriman dan prioritas pesanan
set laser.enable = on;
select
    l_shipmode,
    sum(case
        when o_orderpriority = '1-URGENT'
            or o_orderpriority = '2-HIGH'
            then 1
        else 0
    end) as high_line_count,
    sum(case
        when o_orderpriority <> '1-URGENT'
            and o_orderpriority <> '2-HIGH'
            then 1
        else 0
    end) as low_line_count
from
    orders,
    lineitem
where
    o_orderkey = l_orderkey
    and l_shipmode in ('REG AIR', 'TRUCK')
    and l_commitdate < l_receiptdate
    and l_shipdate < l_commitdate
    and l_receiptdate >= date '1994-01-01'
    and l_receiptdate < date '1994-01-01' + interval '1' year
group by
    l_shipmode
order by
    l_shipmode;

-- Q13: Distribusi pelanggan
set laser.enable = on;
select
    c_count,
    count(*) as custdist
from
    (
        select
            c_custkey,
            count(o_orderkey)
        from
            customer left outer join orders on
                c_custkey = o_custkey
                and o_comment not like '%pending%requests%'
        group by
            c_custkey
    ) as c_orders (c_custkey, c_count)
group by
    c_count
order by
    custdist desc,
    c_count desc;

-- Q14: Efek promosi
set laser.enable = on;
select
    100.00 * sum(case
        when p_type like 'PROMO%'
            then l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)
        else 0
    end) / sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)) as promo_revenue
from
    lineitem,
    part
where
    l_partkey = p_partkey
    and l_shipdate >= date '1994-11-01'
    and l_shipdate < date '1994-11-01' + interval '1' month;

-- Q15: Supplier teratas
set laser.enable = on;
create view revenue0 (supplier_no, total_revenue) as
    select
        l_suppkey,
        sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount))
    from
        lineitem
    where
        l_shipdate >= date '1997-10-01'
        and l_shipdate < date '1997-10-01' + interval '3' month
    group by
        l_suppkey;
select
    s_suppkey,
    s_name,
    s_address,
    s_phone,
    total_revenue
from
    supplier,
    revenue0
where
    s_suppkey = supplier_no
    and total_revenue = (
        select
            max(total_revenue)
        from
            revenue0
    )
order by
    s_suppkey;
drop view revenue0;

-- Q16: Hubungan part/supplier
set laser.enable = on;
select
    p_brand,
    p_type,
    p_size,
    count(distinct ps_suppkey) as supplier_cnt
from
    partsupp,
    part
where
    p_partkey = ps_partkey
    and p_brand <> 'Brand#44'
    and p_type not like 'SMALL BURNISHED%'
    and p_size in (36, 27, 34, 45, 11, 6, 25, 16)
    and ps_suppkey not in (
        select
            s_suppkey
        from
            supplier
        where
            s_comment like '%Customer%Complaints%'
    )
group by
    p_brand,
    p_type,
    p_size
order by
    supplier_cnt desc,
    p_brand,
    p_type,
    p_size;

-- Q17: Pendapatan pesanan kuantitas kecil
set laser.enable = on;
select
    sum(l_extendedprice) / 7.0 as avg_yearly
from
    lineitem,
    part
where
    p_partkey = l_partkey
    and p_brand = 'Brand#42'
    and p_container = 'JUMBO PACK'
    and l_quantity < (
        select
            0.2 * avg(l_quantity)
        from
            lineitem
        where
            l_partkey = p_partkey
    );

-- Q18: Pelanggan volume besar
set laser.enable = on;
select
    c_name,
    c_custkey,
    o_orderkey,
    o_orderdate,
    o_totalprice,
    sum(l_quantity)
from
    customer,
    orders,
    lineitem
where
    o_orderkey in (
        select
            l_orderkey
        from
            lineitem
        group by
            l_orderkey having
                sum(l_quantity) > 312
    )
    and c_custkey = o_custkey
    and o_orderkey = l_orderkey
group by
    c_name,
    c_custkey,
    o_orderkey,
    o_orderdate,
    o_totalprice
order by
    o_totalprice desc,
    o_orderdate
limit 100;

-- Q19: Pendapatan diskon
set laser.enable = on;
select
    sum(l_extendedprice* (1 - l_discount)) as revenue
from
    lineitem,
    part
where
    (
        p_partkey = l_partkey
        and p_brand = 'Brand#43'
        and p_container in ('SM CASE', 'SM BOX', 'SM PACK', 'SM PKG')
        and l_quantity >= 5 and l_quantity <= 5 + 10
        and p_size between 1 and 5
        and l_shipmode in ('AIR', 'AIR REG')
        and l_shipinstruct = 'DELIVER IN PERSON'
    )
    or
    (
        p_partkey = l_partkey
        and p_brand = 'Brand#45'
        and p_container in ('MED BAG', 'MED BOX', 'MED PKG', 'MED PACK')
        and l_quantity >= 12 and l_quantity <= 12 + 10
        and p_size between 1 and 10
        and l_shipmode in ('AIR', 'AIR REG')
        and l_shipinstruct = 'DELIVER IN PERSON'
    )
    or
    (
        p_partkey = l_partkey
        and p_brand = 'Brand#11'
        and p_container in ('LG CASE', 'LG BOX', 'LG PACK', 'LG PKG')
        and l_quantity >= 24 and l_quantity <= 24 + 10
        and p_size between 1 and 15
        and l_shipmode in ('AIR', 'AIR REG')
        and l_shipinstruct = 'DELIVER IN PERSON'
    );

-- Q20: Promosi part potensial
set laser.enable = on;
select
    s_name,
    s_address
from
    supplier,
    nation
where
    s_suppkey in (
        select
            ps_suppkey
        from
            partsupp
        where
            ps_partkey in (
                select
                    p_partkey
                from
                    part
                where
                    p_name like 'magenta%'
            )
            and ps_availqty > (
                select
                    0.5 * sum(l_quantity)
                from
                    lineitem
                where
                    l_partkey = ps_partkey
                    and l_suppkey = ps_suppkey
                    and l_shipdate >= date '1996-01-01'
                    and l_shipdate < date '1996-01-01' + interval '1' year
            )
    )
    and s_nationkey = n_nationkey
    and n_name = 'RUSSIA'
order by
    s_name;

-- Q21: Supplier yang menunda pesanan
set laser.enable = on;
select
    s_name,
    count(*) as numwait
from
    supplier,
    lineitem l1,
    orders,
    nation
where
    s_suppkey = l1.l_suppkey
    and o_orderkey = l1.l_orderkey
    and o_orderstatus = 'F'
    and l1.l_receiptdate > l1.l_commitdate
    and exists (
        select
            *
        from
            lineitem l2
        where
            l2.l_orderkey = l1.l_orderkey
            and l2.l_suppkey <> l1.l_suppkey
    )
    and not exists (
        select
            *
        from
            lineitem l3
        where
            l3.l_orderkey = l1.l_orderkey
            and l3.l_suppkey <> l1.l_suppkey
            and l3.l_receiptdate > l3.l_commitdate
    )
    and s_nationkey = n_nationkey
    and n_name = 'MOZAMBIQUE'
group by
    s_name
order by
    numwait desc,
    s_name
limit 100;

-- Q22: Peluang penjualan global
set laser.enable = on;
select
        cntrycode,
        count(*) as numcust,
        sum(c_acctbal) as totacctbal
from
        (
                select
                        substring(c_phone from 1 for 2) as cntrycode,
                        c_acctbal
                from
                        customer
                where
                        substring(c_phone from 1 for 2) in
                                ('13', '31', '23', '29', '30', '18', '17')
                        and c_acctbal > (
                                select
                                        avg(c_acctbal)
                                from
                                        customer
                                where
                                        c_acctbal > 0.00
                                        and substring(c_phone from 1 for 2) in
                                                ('13', '31', '23', '29', '30', '18', '17')
                        )
                        and not exists (
                                select
                                        *
                                from
                                        orders
                                where
                                        o_custkey = c_custkey
                        )
        ) as custsale
group by
        cntrycode
order by
        cntrycode;