Use the OSS Java SDK V2 to manage table buckets, namespaces, and Apache Iceberg tables — including creating, deleting, and querying resources, and configuring their encryption, resource policies, and maintenance settings.
Usage notes
The sample code uses the region ID
cn-hangzhou(China, Hangzhou) as an example. Replace this value with the ID of your actual region.The examples retrieve access credentials from environment variables. For setup instructions, see Configure access credentials. Before running the sample code, set the
OSS_ACCESS_KEY_IDandOSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRETenvironment variables.
Table bucket operations
CreateTableBucket
Creates a table bucket. Optionally configure server-side encryption (SSE) at creation time.
The sseAlgorithm parameter accepts two values:
AES256— SSE-OSS. The default option. No additional cost; each object is encrypted with a unique key using AES-256.-
KMS— SSE-KMS. Gives you control over encryption keys through Key Management Service (KMS). Use this when you need audit trails, key rotation, or cross-account key access.import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.credentials.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider; import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.OSSTablesClient; import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.models.*; public class CreateTableBucketSample { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { String region = "cn-hangzhou"; String name = "my-table-bucket"; String sseAlgorithm = "AES256"; try (OSSTablesClient client = OSSTablesClient.newBuilder() .credentialsProvider(new EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider()) .region(region) .build()) { CreateTableBucketRequest.Builder requestBuilder = CreateTableBucketRequest.newBuilder() .name(name); EncryptionConfiguration encryptionConfig = EncryptionConfiguration.newBuilder() .sseAlgorithm(sseAlgorithm) .build(); requestBuilder.encryptionConfiguration(encryptionConfig); CreateTableBucketResult result = client.createTableBucket(requestBuilder.build()); System.out.printf("Status code:%d, request id:%s%n", result.statusCode(), result.requestId()); System.out.printf("Created table bucket with ARN: %s%n", result.arn()); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage()); } } }
Delete table bucket
Deletes a table bucket.
The table bucket must contain no namespaces before deletion. Delete all namespaces first, or the request will fail.
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.credentials.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.OSSTablesClient;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.models.*;
public class DeleteTableBucketSample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String region = "cn-hangzhou";
String tableBucketARN = "acs:osstables:cn-hangzhou:1234567890:bucket/my-table-bucket";
try (OSSTablesClient client = OSSTablesClient.newBuilder()
.credentialsProvider(new EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
.region(region)
.build()) {
DeleteTableBucketRequest request = DeleteTableBucketRequest.newBuilder()
.tableBucketARN(tableBucketARN)
.build();
DeleteTableBucketResult result = client.deleteTableBucket(request);
System.out.printf("Status code:%d, request id:%s%n",
result.statusCode(), result.requestId());
System.out.println("Successfully deleted table bucket.");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
GetTableBucket
Retrieves details for a specific table bucket. The response includes the ARN, name, type, owner account ID, bucket ID, and creation time.
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.credentials.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.OSSTablesClient;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.models.*;
public class GetTableBucketSample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String region = "cn-hangzhou";
String tableBucketARN = "acs:osstables:cn-hangzhou:1234567890:bucket/my-table-bucket";
try (OSSTablesClient client = OSSTablesClient.newBuilder()
.credentialsProvider(new EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
.region(region)
.build()) {
GetTableBucketResult result = client.getTableBucket(GetTableBucketRequest.newBuilder()
.tableBucketARN(tableBucketARN)
.build());
System.out.printf("Status code:%d, request ID:%s%n",
result.statusCode(), result.requestId());
System.out.printf("Table bucket ARN: %s%n", result.arn());
System.out.printf("Table bucket name: %s%n", result.name());
System.out.printf("Table bucket type: %s%n", result.type());
System.out.printf("Owner account ID: %s%n", result.ownerAccountId());
System.out.printf("Table bucket ID: %s%n", result.tableBucketId());
System.out.printf("Creation time: %s%n", result.createdAt());
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
ListTableBuckets
Lists all table buckets in the current account. Use maxBuckets to control page size and the returned continuationToken to paginate through additional results.
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.credentials.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.OSSTablesClient;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.models.*;
public class ListTableBucketsSample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String region = "cn-hangzhou";
int maxBuckets = 10;
try (OSSTablesClient client = OSSTablesClient.newBuilder()
.credentialsProvider(new EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
.region(region)
.build()) {
ListTableBucketsRequest request = ListTableBucketsRequest.newBuilder()
.maxBuckets(maxBuckets)
.build();
ListTableBucketsResult result = client.listTableBuckets(request);
System.out.printf("Status code:%d, request id:%s%n",
result.statusCode(), result.requestId());
System.out.printf("Continuation token: %s%n", result.continuationToken());
System.out.printf("Number of buckets: %d%n", result.tableBuckets().size());
for (int i = 0; i < result.tableBuckets().size(); i++) {
TableBucketSummary bucket = result.tableBuckets().get(i);
System.out.printf("Bucket %d:%n", i + 1);
System.out.printf(" ARN: %s%n", bucket.arn());
System.out.printf(" Name: %s%n", bucket.name());
System.out.printf(" ID: %s%n", bucket.tableBucketId());
System.out.printf(" Owner account ID: %s%n", bucket.ownerAccountId());
System.out.printf(" Created at: %s%n", bucket.createdAt());
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
PutTableBucketEncryption
Sets or updates the default server-side encryption configuration for a table bucket. This applies to all tables created in the bucket unless overridden at the table level.
The sseAlgorithm parameter accepts two values:
AES256— SSE-OSS using AES-256. The default; no additional cost.-
KMS— SSE-KMS using Key Management Service. Use when you need fine-grained key management, key rotation, or usage audit trails. SetkmsKeyArnto specify a customer-managed key; leave it unset to use the default KMS key.import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.credentials.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider; import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.OSSTablesClient; import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.models.*; public class PutTableBucketEncryptionSample { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { String region = "cn-hangzhou"; String tableBucketARN = "acs:osstables:cn-hangzhou:1234567890:bucket/my-table-bucket"; String sseAlgorithm = "AES256"; try (OSSTablesClient client = OSSTablesClient.newBuilder() .credentialsProvider(new EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider()) .region(region) .build()) { EncryptionConfiguration encryptionConfig = EncryptionConfiguration.newBuilder() .sseAlgorithm(sseAlgorithm) .build(); PutTableBucketEncryptionRequest request = PutTableBucketEncryptionRequest.newBuilder() .tableBucketARN(tableBucketARN) .encryptionConfiguration(encryptionConfig) .build(); PutTableBucketEncryptionResult result = client.putTableBucketEncryption(request); System.out.printf("Status code:%d, request id:%s%n", result.statusCode(), result.requestId()); System.out.printf("Successfully updated table bucket encryption for ARN: %s%n", tableBucketARN); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage()); } } }
GetTableBucketEncryption
Gets the encryption configuration for a table bucket.
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.credentials.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.OSSTablesClient;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.models.*;
public class GetTableBucketEncryptionSample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String region = "cn-hangzhou";
String tableBucketARN = "acs:osstables:cn-hangzhou:1234567890:bucket/my-table-bucket";
try (OSSTablesClient client = OSSTablesClient.newBuilder()
.credentialsProvider(new EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
.region(region)
.build()) {
GetTableBucketEncryptionRequest request = GetTableBucketEncryptionRequest.newBuilder()
.tableBucketARN(tableBucketARN)
.build();
GetTableBucketEncryptionResult result = client.getTableBucketEncryption(request);
System.out.printf("Status code:%d, request ID:%s%n",
result.statusCode(), result.requestId());
if (result.encryptionConfiguration() != null) {
System.out.printf("Encryption algorithm: %s%n", result.encryptionConfiguration().sseAlgorithm());
System.out.printf("KMS key ARN: %s%n", result.encryptionConfiguration().kmsKeyArn());
} else {
System.out.println("No encryption configuration found.");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
DeleteTableBucketEncryption
Deletes the encryption configuration for a table bucket, reverting to the default OSS-managed encryption.
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.credentials.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.OSSTablesClient;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.models.*;
public class DeleteTableBucketEncryptionSample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String region = "cn-hangzhou";
String tableBucketARN = "acs:osstables:cn-hangzhou:1234567890:bucket/my-table-bucket";
try (OSSTablesClient client = OSSTablesClient.newBuilder()
.credentialsProvider(new EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
.region(region)
.build()) {
DeleteTableBucketEncryptionRequest request = DeleteTableBucketEncryptionRequest.newBuilder()
.tableBucketARN(tableBucketARN)
.build();
DeleteTableBucketEncryptionResult result = client.deleteTableBucketEncryption(request);
System.out.printf("Status code:%d, request ID:%s%n",
result.statusCode(), result.requestId());
System.out.println("Encryption configuration deleted successfully.");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
PutTableBucketPolicy
Applies a resource policy to a table bucket. The policy controls cross-account and cross-service access to all tables in the bucket.
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.credentials.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.OSSTablesClient;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.models.*;
public class PutTableBucketPolicySample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String region = "cn-hangzhou";
String tableBucketARN = "acs:osstables:cn-hangzhou:1234567890:bucket/my-table-bucket";
String resourcePolicy = "{\"Version\":\"1\",\"Statement\":[{\"Effect\":\"Allow\",\"Action\":[\"oss:*\"],\"Principal\":[\"*\"],\"Resource\":[\"*\"]}]}";
try (OSSTablesClient client = OSSTablesClient.newBuilder()
.credentialsProvider(new EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
.region(region)
.build()) {
PutTableBucketPolicyRequest request = PutTableBucketPolicyRequest.newBuilder()
.tableBucketARN(tableBucketARN)
.resourcePolicy(resourcePolicy)
.build();
PutTableBucketPolicyResult result = client.putTableBucketPolicy(request);
System.out.printf("Status code:%d, request id:%s%n",
result.statusCode(), result.requestId());
System.out.printf("Successfully updated table bucket policy for ARN: %s%n", tableBucketARN);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
GetTableBucketPolicy
Gets the resource policy for a table bucket.
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.credentials.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.OSSTablesClient;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.models.*;
public class GetTableBucketPolicySample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String region = "cn-hangzhou";
String tableBucketARN = "acs:osstables:cn-hangzhou:1234567890:bucket/my-table-bucket";
try (OSSTablesClient client = OSSTablesClient.newBuilder()
.credentialsProvider(new EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
.region(region)
.build()) {
GetTableBucketPolicyRequest request = GetTableBucketPolicyRequest.newBuilder()
.tableBucketARN(tableBucketARN)
.build();
GetTableBucketPolicyResult result = client.getTableBucketPolicy(request);
System.out.printf("Status code:%d, request id:%s%n",
result.statusCode(), result.requestId());
System.out.printf("Retrieved policy for table bucket: %s%n", tableBucketARN);
if (result.resourcePolicy() != null) {
System.out.printf("Policy: %s%n", result.resourcePolicy());
} else {
System.out.println("No policy set for this table bucket.");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
DeleteTableBucketPolicy
Deletes the resource policy for a table bucket.
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.credentials.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.OSSTablesClient;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.models.*;
public class DeleteTableBucketPolicySample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String region = "cn-hangzhou";
String tableBucketARN = "acs:osstables:cn-hangzhou:1234567890:bucket/my-table-bucket";
try (OSSTablesClient client = OSSTablesClient.newBuilder()
.credentialsProvider(new EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
.region(region)
.build()) {
DeleteTableBucketPolicyRequest request = DeleteTableBucketPolicyRequest.newBuilder()
.tableBucketARN(tableBucketARN)
.build();
DeleteTableBucketPolicyResult result = client.deleteTableBucketPolicy(request);
System.out.printf("Status code:%d, request id:%s%n",
result.statusCode(), result.requestId());
System.out.printf("Successfully deleted policy for table bucket ARN: %s%n", tableBucketARN);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
PutTableBucketMaintenanceConfiguration
Sets the maintenance configuration for a table bucket. Use this to configure unreferenced file removal at the bucket level so the setting applies to all tables in the bucket by default.
type parameter values:
icebergUnreferencedFileRemoval— Removes Iceberg data files and metadata files that are no longer referenced by any snapshot. This prevents stale files from accumulating and increasing storage costs.
unreferencedDays: Number of days before an unreferenced file is eligible for removal (minimum: 1).
nonCurrentDays: Number of days before a noncurrent object (one marked for deletion by snapshot expiry) is permanently removed (minimum: 1).
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.credentials.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.OSSTablesClient;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.models.*;
public class PutTableBucketMaintenanceConfigurationSample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String region = "cn-hangzhou";
String tableBucketARN = "acs:osstables:cn-hangzhou:1234567890:bucket/my-table-bucket";
String type = "icebergUnreferencedFileRemoval";
String status = "enabled";
int unreferencedDays = 3;
int nonCurrentDays = 3;
IcebergUnreferencedFileRemovalSettings removalSettings = IcebergUnreferencedFileRemovalSettings.newBuilder()
.unreferencedDays(unreferencedDays)
.nonCurrentDays(nonCurrentDays)
.build();
TableBucketMaintenanceSettings settings = TableBucketMaintenanceSettings.newBuilder()
.icebergUnreferencedFileRemoval(removalSettings)
.build();
TableBucketMaintenanceConfigurationValue value = TableBucketMaintenanceConfigurationValue.newBuilder()
.status(status)
.settings(settings)
.build();
try (OSSTablesClient client = OSSTablesClient.newBuilder()
.credentialsProvider(new EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
.region(region)
.build()) {
PutTableBucketMaintenanceConfigurationRequest request = PutTableBucketMaintenanceConfigurationRequest.newBuilder()
.tableBucketARN(tableBucketARN)
.type(type)
.value(value)
.build();
PutTableBucketMaintenanceConfigurationResult result = client.putTableBucketMaintenanceConfiguration(request);
System.out.printf("Status code:%d, request id:%s%n",
result.statusCode(), result.requestId());
System.out.printf("Successfully configured maintenance for table bucket: %s%n", tableBucketARN);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
GetTableBucketMaintenanceConfiguration
Gets the maintenance configuration for a table bucket.
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.credentials.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.OSSTablesClient;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.models.*;
public class GetTableBucketMaintenanceConfigurationSample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String region = "cn-hangzhou";
String tableBucketARN = "acs:osstables:cn-hangzhou:1234567890:bucket/my-table-bucket";
try (OSSTablesClient client = OSSTablesClient.newBuilder()
.credentialsProvider(new EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
.region(region)
.build()) {
GetTableBucketMaintenanceConfigurationRequest request = GetTableBucketMaintenanceConfigurationRequest.newBuilder()
.tableBucketARN(tableBucketARN)
.build();
GetTableBucketMaintenanceConfigurationResult result = client.getTableBucketMaintenanceConfiguration(request);
System.out.printf("Status code:%d, request id:%s%n",
result.statusCode(), result.requestId());
System.out.printf("Table bucket ARN: %s%n", result.tableBucketARN());
result.configuration().forEach((key, value) -> {
System.out.printf("Configuration type: %s, Status: %s%n", key, value.status());
});
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
Namespace operations
CreateNamespace
Creates a namespace in a table bucket. A namespace logically groups related tables and is required before creating any tables.
A table bucket must exist before you create a namespace. Create the table bucket first using CreateTableBucket.
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.credentials.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.OSSTablesClient;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.models.*;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
public class CreateNamespaceSample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String region = "cn-hangzhou";
String tableBucketARN = "acs:osstables:cn-hangzhou:1234567890:bucket/my-table-bucket";
String namespace = "my-namespace";
try (OSSTablesClient client = OSSTablesClient.newBuilder()
.credentialsProvider(new EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
.region(region)
.build()) {
List<String> namespaces = Arrays.asList("my-namespace");
CreateNamespaceRequest request = CreateNamespaceRequest.newBuilder()
.tableBucketARN(tableBucketARN)
.namespace(namespaces)
.build();
CreateNamespaceResult result = client.createNamespace(request);
System.out.printf("Status code:%d, request id:%s%n",
result.statusCode(), result.requestId());
System.out.printf("Successfully created namespace(s) in table bucket: %s%n", tableBucketARN);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
Delete namespace
Deletes a namespace.
The namespace must contain no tables before deletion. Delete all tables in the namespace first.
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.credentials.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.OSSTablesClient;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.models.*;
public class DeleteNamespaceSample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String region = "cn-hangzhou";
String tableBucketARN = "acs:osstables:cn-hangzhou:1234567890:bucket/my-table-bucket";
String namespace = "my-namespace";
try (OSSTablesClient client = OSSTablesClient.newBuilder()
.credentialsProvider(new EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
.region(region)
.build()) {
DeleteNamespaceRequest request = DeleteNamespaceRequest.newBuilder()
.tableBucketARN(tableBucketARN)
.namespace(namespace)
.build();
DeleteNamespaceResult result = client.deleteNamespace(request);
System.out.printf("Status code:%d, request ID:%s%n",
result.statusCode(), result.requestId());
System.out.printf("Successfully deleted namespace: %s from table bucket: %s%n", namespace, tableBucketARN);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
GetNamespace
Retrieves details of a namespace.
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.credentials.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.OSSTablesClient;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.models.*;
public class GetNamespaceSample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String region = "cn-hangzhou";
String tableBucketARN = "acs:osstables:cn-hangzhou:1234567890:bucket/my-table-bucket";
String namespace = "my-namespace";
try (OSSTablesClient client = OSSTablesClient.newBuilder()
.credentialsProvider(new EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
.region(region)
.build()) {
GetNamespaceRequest request = GetNamespaceRequest.newBuilder()
.tableBucketARN(tableBucketARN)
.namespace(namespace)
.build();
GetNamespaceResult result = client.getNamespace(request);
System.out.printf("Status code:%d, request id:%s%n",
result.statusCode(), result.requestId());
System.out.printf("Successfully retrieved namespace: %s from table bucket: %s%n", result.namespaceId(), tableBucketARN);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
ListNamespaces
Lists namespaces in a table bucket. Use maxNamespaces to control page size and the returned continuationToken to paginate through additional results.
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.credentials.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.OSSTablesClient;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.models.*;
public class ListNamespacesSample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String region = "cn-hangzhou";
String tableBucketARN = "acs:osstables:cn-hangzhou:1234567890:bucket/my-table-bucket";
int maxNamespaces = 10;
try (OSSTablesClient client = OSSTablesClient.newBuilder()
.credentialsProvider(new EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
.region(region)
.build()) {
ListNamespacesRequest request = ListNamespacesRequest.newBuilder()
.tableBucketARN(tableBucketARN)
.maxNamespaces(maxNamespaces)
.build();
ListNamespacesResult result = client.listNamespaces(request);
System.out.printf("Status code:%d, request ID:%s%n",
result.statusCode(), result.requestId());
System.out.printf("Continuation token: %s%n", result.continuationToken());
for (int i = 0; i < result.namespaces().size(); i++) {
NamespaceSummary ns = result.namespaces().get(i);
if (ns.namespace() != null && !ns.namespace().isEmpty()) {
System.out.printf("Namespace %d: %s (ID: %s)%n", i+1, ns.namespace().get(0), ns.namespaceId());
} else {
System.out.printf("Namespace %d: (no namespace name) (ID: %s)%n", i+1, ns.namespaceId());
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
Table operations
CreateTable
Creates an Apache Iceberg table with a schema, partition spec, and optional encryption configuration.
Prerequisites: a table bucket and namespace must exist before creating a table. Create them using CreateTableBucket and CreateNamespace.
The format parameter must be iceberg. The schema defines field names, types (long, string, timestamptz, etc.), and whether each field is required. The partition spec maps a source field to a partition transform (for example, identity, year, month, day, hour, bucket, truncate).
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.credentials.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.OSSTablesClient;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.models.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class CreateTableSample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String region = "cn-hangzhou";
String tableBucketARN = "acs:osstables:cn-hangzhou:1234567890:bucket/my-table-bucket";
String namespace = "my-namespace";
String name = "my-table";
String format = "iceberg";
try (OSSTablesClient client = OSSTablesClient.newBuilder()
.credentialsProvider(new EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
.region(region)
.build()) {
// Define schema fields
List<SchemaField> fields = new ArrayList<>();
fields.add(SchemaField.newBuilder()
.name("id")
.type("long")
.required(true)
.build());
fields.add(SchemaField.newBuilder()
.name("name")
.type("string")
.required(false)
.build());
fields.add(SchemaField.newBuilder()
.name("ts")
.type("timestamptz")
.required(false)
.build());
// Build schema
IcebergSchema icebergSchema = IcebergSchema.newBuilder()
.fields(fields)
.build();
// Define partition spec (partition by the "name" field, sourceId=2, using identity transform)
IcebergPartitionField partitionField = IcebergPartitionField.newBuilder()
.sourceId(2)
.transform("identity")
.name("region")
.fieldId(1001)
.build();
List<IcebergPartitionField> partitionFields = new ArrayList<>();
partitionFields.add(partitionField);
IcebergPartitionSpec partitionSpec = IcebergPartitionSpec.newBuilder()
.specId(0)
.fields(partitionFields)
.build();
// Assemble Iceberg metadata
IcebergMetadata icebergMetadata = IcebergMetadata.newBuilder()
.schema(icebergSchema)
.partitionSpec(partitionSpec)
.build();
TableMetadata metadata = TableMetadata.newBuilder()
.iceberg(icebergMetadata)
.build();
// Optional: configure server-side encryption
EncryptionConfiguration encryptionConfig = EncryptionConfiguration.newBuilder()
.sseAlgorithm("AES256")
.build();
CreateTableRequest request = CreateTableRequest.newBuilder()
.tableBucketARN(tableBucketARN)
.namespace(namespace)
.name(name)
.format(format)
.metadata(metadata)
.encryptionConfiguration(encryptionConfig)
.build();
CreateTableResult result = client.createTable(request);
System.out.printf("Status code:%d, request id:%s%n",
result.statusCode(), result.requestId());
System.out.printf("Created table with ARN: %s%n", result.tableARN());
System.out.printf("Version token: %s%n", result.versionToken());
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
DeleteTable
Deletes a table.
Table deletion is permanent and cannot be undone. All data in the table is deleted.
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.credentials.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.OSSTablesClient;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.models.*;
public class DeleteTableSample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String region = "cn-hangzhou";
String tableBucketARN = "acs:osstables:cn-hangzhou:1234567890:bucket/my-table-bucket";
String namespace = "my-namespace";
String tableName = "my-table";
try (OSSTablesClient client = OSSTablesClient.newBuilder()
.credentialsProvider(new EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
.region(region)
.build()) {
DeleteTableRequest request = DeleteTableRequest.newBuilder()
.tableBucketARN(tableBucketARN)
.namespace(namespace)
.name(tableName)
.build();
DeleteTableResult result = client.deleteTable(request);
System.out.printf("Status code:%d, request ID:%s%n",
result.statusCode(), result.requestId());
System.out.printf("Successfully deleted table: %s/%s from bucket: %s%n",
namespace, tableName, tableBucketARN);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
GetTable
Retrieves details of a table. Query by table bucket ARN + namespace + name, or by table ARN directly.
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.credentials.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.OSSTablesClient;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.models.*;
public class GetTableSample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String region = "cn-hangzhou";
String tableBucketARN = "acs:osstables:cn-hangzhou:1234567890:bucket/my-table-bucket";
String namespace = "my-namespace";
String tableName = "my-table";
try (OSSTablesClient client = OSSTablesClient.newBuilder()
.credentialsProvider(new EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
.region(region)
.build()) {
// Method 1: query by table bucket ARN, namespace, and name
GetTableRequest request = GetTableRequest.newBuilder()
.tableBucketARN(tableBucketARN)
.namespace(namespace)
.name(tableName)
.build();
// Method 2: query by table ARN
// GetTableRequest request = GetTableRequest.newBuilder()
// .tableARN("acs:osstables:cn-hangzhou:1234567890:bucket/my-table-bucket/table/table-id")
// .build();
GetTableResult result = client.getTable(request);
System.out.printf("Status code:%d, request ID:%s%n",
result.statusCode(), result.requestId());
System.out.printf("Table name: %s%n", result.name());
System.out.printf("Table ARN: %s%n", result.tableARN());
System.out.printf("Format: %s%n", result.format());
System.out.printf("Created by: %s%n", result.createdBy());
System.out.printf("Created at: %s%n", result.createdAt());
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
ListTables
Lists all tables in a namespace. Use maxTables to control page size and the returned continuationToken to paginate through additional results.
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.credentials.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.OSSTablesClient;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.models.*;
public class ListTablesSample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String region = "cn-hangzhou";
String tableBucketARN = "acs:osstables:cn-hangzhou:1234567890:bucket/my-table-bucket";
String namespace = "my-namespace";
int maxTables = 10;
try (OSSTablesClient client = OSSTablesClient.newBuilder()
.credentialsProvider(new EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
.region(region)
.build()) {
ListTablesRequest request = ListTablesRequest.newBuilder()
.tableBucketARN(tableBucketARN)
.namespace(namespace)
.maxTables(maxTables)
.build();
ListTablesResult result = client.listTables(request);
System.out.printf("Status code:%d, request ID:%s%n",
result.statusCode(), result.requestId());
System.out.printf("Continuation token: %s%n", result.continuationToken());
if (result.tables() != null) {
System.out.printf("Number of tables: %d%n", result.tables().size());
for (int i = 0; i < result.tables().size(); i++) {
TableSummary table = result.tables().get(i);
System.out.printf("Table %d:%n", i + 1);
System.out.printf(" Name: %s%n", table.name());
System.out.printf(" Namespace: %s%n", table.namespace());
System.out.printf(" ARN: %s%n", table.tableARN());
System.out.printf(" Type: %s%n", table.type());
System.out.printf(" Created at: %s%n", table.createdAt());
System.out.printf(" Modified at: %s%n", table.modifiedAt());
}
} else {
System.out.println("No tables found.");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
RenameTable
Renames a table or moves it to a different namespace within the same table bucket.
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.credentials.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.OSSTablesClient;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.models.*;
public class RenameTableSample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String region = "cn-hangzhou";
String tableBucketARN = "acs:osstables:cn-hangzhou:1234567890:bucket/my-table-bucket";
String namespace = "my-namespace";
String name = "my-table";
String newName = "my-table-renamed";
try (OSSTablesClient client = OSSTablesClient.newBuilder()
.credentialsProvider(new EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
.region(region)
.build()) {
RenameTableRequest request = RenameTableRequest.newBuilder()
.tableBucketARN(tableBucketARN)
.namespace(namespace)
.name(name)
.newName(newName)
.build();
RenameTableResult result = client.renameTable(request);
System.out.printf("Status code:%d, request ID:%s%n",
result.statusCode(), result.requestId());
System.out.printf("Successfully renamed table from %s/%s to %s/%s%n",
namespace, name, namespace, newName);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
GetTableMetadataLocation
Retrieves the location of a table's Iceberg metadata file, along with the current version token and warehouse location. The version token is required when calling UpdateTableMetadataLocation.
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.credentials.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.OSSTablesClient;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.models.*;
public class GetTableMetadataLocationSample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String region = "cn-hangzhou";
String tableBucketARN = "acs:osstables:cn-hangzhou:1234567890:bucket/my-table-bucket";
String namespace = "my-namespace";
String name = "my-table";
try (OSSTablesClient client = OSSTablesClient.newBuilder()
.credentialsProvider(new EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
.region(region)
.build()) {
GetTableMetadataLocationRequest request = GetTableMetadataLocationRequest.newBuilder()
.tableBucketARN(tableBucketARN)
.namespace(namespace)
.name(name)
.build();
GetTableMetadataLocationResult result = client.getTableMetadataLocation(request);
System.out.printf("Status code:%d, request id:%s%n",
result.statusCode(), result.requestId());
System.out.printf("Metadata location: %s%n", result.metadataLocation());
System.out.printf("Version token: %s%n", result.versionToken());
System.out.printf("Warehouse location: %s%n", result.warehouseLocation());
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
UpdateTableMetadataLocation
Updates a table's Iceberg metadata file location. Query engines and Iceberg catalog integrations use this to commit new metadata after write operations.
The versionToken provides optimistic concurrency control: supply the token returned by GetTableMetadataLocation or the previous UpdateTableMetadataLocation call. The request fails if the token does not match the current state, preventing conflicting concurrent writes.
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.credentials.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.OSSTablesClient;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.models.*;
public class UpdateTableMetadataLocationSample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String region = "cn-hangzhou";
String tableBucketARN = "acs:osstables:cn-hangzhou:1234567890:bucket/my-table-bucket";
String namespace = "my-namespace";
String name = "my-table";
String versionToken = "your-version-token";
String metadataLocation = "oss://warehouse/metadata/v1.metadata.json";
try (OSSTablesClient client = OSSTablesClient.newBuilder()
.credentialsProvider(new EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
.region(region)
.build()) {
UpdateTableMetadataLocationRequest request = UpdateTableMetadataLocationRequest.newBuilder()
.tableBucketARN(tableBucketARN)
.namespace(namespace)
.name(name)
.versionToken(versionToken)
.metadataLocation(metadataLocation)
.build();
UpdateTableMetadataLocationResult result = client.updateTableMetadataLocation(request);
System.out.printf("Status code:%d, request id:%s%n",
result.statusCode(), result.requestId());
System.out.printf("Successfully updated table metadata location for table: %s%n", name);
System.out.printf("New metadata location: %s%n", result.metadataLocation());
System.out.printf("New version token: %s%n", result.versionToken());
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
GetTableEncryption
Retrieves the encryption configuration for a table.
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.credentials.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.OSSTablesClient;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.models.*;
public class GetTableEncryptionSample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String region = "cn-hangzhou";
String tableBucketARN = "acs:osstables:cn-hangzhou:1234567890:bucket/my-table-bucket";
String namespace = "my-namespace";
String name = "my-table";
try (OSSTablesClient client = OSSTablesClient.newBuilder()
.credentialsProvider(new EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
.region(region)
.build()) {
GetTableEncryptionRequest request = GetTableEncryptionRequest.newBuilder()
.tableBucketARN(tableBucketARN)
.namespace(namespace)
.name(name)
.build();
GetTableEncryptionResult result = client.getTableEncryption(request);
System.out.printf("Status code:%d, request id:%s%n",
result.statusCode(), result.requestId());
if (result.encryptionConfiguration() != null) {
System.out.printf("SSE algorithm: %s%n", result.encryptionConfiguration().sseAlgorithm());
System.out.printf("KMS key ARN: %s%n", result.encryptionConfiguration().kmsKeyArn());
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
PutTablePolicy
Sets the resource policy for a table. Use table-level policies for fine-grained access control on individual tables, such as restricting specific actions to a particular account.
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.credentials.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.OSSTablesClient;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.models.*;
public class PutTablePolicySample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String region = "cn-hangzhou";
String tableBucketARN = "acs:osstables:cn-hangzhou:1234567890:bucket/my-table-bucket";
String namespace = "my-namespace";
String name = "my-table";
String resourcePolicy = "{\"Version\":\"1\",\"Statement\":[{\"Effect\":\"Deny\",\"Action\":[\"oss:GetTable\"],\"Principal\":[\"1234567890\"],\"Resource\":[\"acs:osstable:cn-hangzhou:1234567890:bucket/demo-bucket/table/*\"]}]}";
try (OSSTablesClient client = OSSTablesClient.newBuilder()
.credentialsProvider(new EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
.region(region)
.build()) {
PutTablePolicyRequest request = PutTablePolicyRequest.newBuilder()
.tableBucketARN(tableBucketARN)
.namespace(namespace)
.name(name)
.resourcePolicy(resourcePolicy)
.build();
PutTablePolicyResult result = client.putTablePolicy(request);
System.out.printf("Status code:%d, request ID:%s%n",
result.statusCode(), result.requestId());
System.out.printf("Successfully put table policy for table: %s/%s%n", namespace, name);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
GetTablePolicy
Gets the resource policy for a table.
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.credentials.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.OSSTablesClient;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.models.*;
public class GetTablePolicySample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String region = "cn-hangzhou";
String tableBucketARN = "acs:osstables:cn-hangzhou:1234567890:bucket/my-table-bucket";
String namespace = "my-namespace";
String name = "my-table";
try (OSSTablesClient client = OSSTablesClient.newBuilder()
.credentialsProvider(new EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
.region(region)
.build()) {
GetTablePolicyRequest request = GetTablePolicyRequest.newBuilder()
.tableBucketARN(tableBucketARN)
.namespace(namespace)
.name(name)
.build();
GetTablePolicyResult result = client.getTablePolicy(request);
System.out.printf("Status code:%d, request ID:%s%n",
result.statusCode(), result.requestId());
System.out.printf("Resource policy: %s%n", result.resourcePolicy());
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
DeleteTablePolicy
Deletes the resource policy for a table.
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.credentials.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.OSSTablesClient;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.models.*;
public class DeleteTablePolicySample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String region = "cn-hangzhou";
String tableBucketARN = "acs:osstables:cn-hangzhou:1234567890:bucket/my-table-bucket";
String namespace = "my-namespace";
String name = "my-table";
try (OSSTablesClient client = OSSTablesClient.newBuilder()
.credentialsProvider(new EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
.region(region)
.build()) {
DeleteTablePolicyRequest request = DeleteTablePolicyRequest.newBuilder()
.tableBucketARN(tableBucketARN)
.namespace(namespace)
.name(name)
.build();
DeleteTablePolicyResult result = client.deleteTablePolicy(request);
System.out.printf("Status code:%d, request ID:%s%n",
result.statusCode(), result.requestId());
System.out.printf("Successfully deleted table policy for table: %s/%s%n", namespace, name);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
PutTableMaintenanceConfiguration
Sets the maintenance configuration for a table. Table-level settings override any bucket-level defaults.
type parameter values:
icebergCompaction— Merges small Iceberg data files into larger files to improve query performance and reduce file-count overhead.icebergSnapshotManagement— Expires and removes old Iceberg snapshots to control metadata growth.icebergUnreferencedFileRemoval— Removes data and metadata files no longer referenced by any snapshot.
Compaction strategies (set via IcebergCompactionSettings.strategy):
auto(default) — Automatically selectssortfor tables with a defined sort order, andbinpackfor all others.binpack— Combines small files into larger files, applying any pending row-level deletes.sort— Organizes data by specified columns to speed up filtered queries. Use when queries frequently filter on specific columns.-
z-order— Blends multiple attributes into a scalar sort key for efficient multi-dimensional queries.import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.credentials.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider; import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.OSSTablesClient; import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.models.*; public class PutTableMaintenanceConfigurationSample { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { String region = "cn-hangzhou"; String tableBucketARN = "acs:osstables:cn-hangzhou:1234567890:bucket/my-table-bucket"; String namespace = "my-namespace"; String name = "my-table"; String type = "icebergCompaction"; String status = "enabled"; int targetFileSizeMB = 256; String strategy = "auto"; try (OSSTablesClient client = OSSTablesClient.newBuilder() .credentialsProvider(new EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider()) .region(region) .build()) { IcebergCompactionSettings compactionSettings = IcebergCompactionSettings.newBuilder() .targetFileSizeMB(targetFileSizeMB) .strategy(strategy) .build(); TableMaintenanceSettings settings = TableMaintenanceSettings.newBuilder() .icebergCompaction(compactionSettings) .build(); TableMaintenanceConfigurationValue value = TableMaintenanceConfigurationValue.newBuilder() .status(status) .settings(settings) .build(); PutTableMaintenanceConfigurationRequest request = PutTableMaintenanceConfigurationRequest.newBuilder() .tableBucketARN(tableBucketARN) .namespace(namespace) .name(name) .type(type) .value(value) .build(); PutTableMaintenanceConfigurationResult result = client.putTableMaintenanceConfiguration(request); System.out.printf("Status code:%d, request id:%s%n", result.statusCode(), result.requestId()); System.out.printf("Successfully put table maintenance configuration for table: %s/%s, type: %s%n", namespace, name, type); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage()); } } }
GetTableMaintenanceConfiguration
Retrieves the maintenance configuration for a table. The response contains a map keyed by maintenance type (icebergCompaction, icebergSnapshotManagement, icebergUnreferencedFileRemoval), each with its status and settings.
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.credentials.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.OSSTablesClient;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.models.*;
public class GetTableMaintenanceConfigurationSample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String region = "cn-hangzhou";
String tableBucketARN = "acs:osstables:cn-hangzhou:1234567890:bucket/my-table-bucket";
String namespace = "my-namespace";
String name = "my-table";
try (OSSTablesClient client = OSSTablesClient.newBuilder()
.credentialsProvider(new EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
.region(region)
.build()) {
GetTableMaintenanceConfigurationRequest request = GetTableMaintenanceConfigurationRequest.newBuilder()
.tableBucketARN(tableBucketARN)
.namespace(namespace)
.name(name)
.build();
GetTableMaintenanceConfigurationResult result = client.getTableMaintenanceConfiguration(request);
System.out.printf("Status code:%d, request id:%s%n",
result.statusCode(), result.requestId());
System.out.printf("Table ARN: %s%n", result.tableARN());
if (result.configuration() != null && !result.configuration().isEmpty()) {
System.out.println("Maintenance configurations:");
result.configuration().forEach((type, config) -> {
System.out.printf(" Type: %s, Status: %s%n", type, config.status());
if (config.settings() != null) {
if (config.settings().icebergCompaction() != null) {
System.out.printf(" Compaction - TargetFileSizeMB: %d, Strategy: %s%n",
config.settings().icebergCompaction().targetFileSizeMB(),
config.settings().icebergCompaction().strategy());
}
if (config.settings().icebergSnapshotManagement() != null) {
System.out.printf(" Snapshot management - MinSnapshotsToKeep: %d, MaxSnapshotAgeHours: %d%n",
config.settings().icebergSnapshotManagement().minSnapshotsToKeep(),
config.settings().icebergSnapshotManagement().maxSnapshotAgeHours());
}
}
});
} else {
System.out.println("No maintenance configuration found.");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}
GetTableMaintenanceJobStatus
Retrieves the status of maintenance jobs for a table. Use this to verify whether compaction, snapshot management, or unreferenced file removal ran successfully, and to diagnose failures.
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.credentials.EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.OSSTablesClient;
import com.aliyun.sdk.service.oss2.tables.models.*;
public class GetTableMaintenanceJobStatusSample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
String region = "cn-hangzhou";
String tableBucketARN = "acs:osstables:cn-hangzhou:1234567890:bucket/my-table-bucket";
String namespace = "my-namespace";
String name = "my-table";
try (OSSTablesClient client = OSSTablesClient.newBuilder()
.credentialsProvider(new EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
.region(region)
.build()) {
GetTableMaintenanceJobStatusRequest request = GetTableMaintenanceJobStatusRequest.newBuilder()
.tableBucketARN(tableBucketARN)
.namespace(namespace)
.name(name)
.build();
GetTableMaintenanceJobStatusResult result = client.getTableMaintenanceJobStatus(request);
System.out.printf("Status code:%d, request ID:%s%n",
result.statusCode(), result.requestId());
System.out.printf("Table ARN: %s%n", result.tableARN());
if (result.jobStatus() != null && !result.jobStatus().isEmpty()) {
System.out.println("Maintenance job status:");
result.jobStatus().forEach((type, status) -> {
System.out.printf(" Type: %s, Status: %s%n", type, status.status());
if (status.lastRunTimestamp() != null) {
System.out.printf(" Last run timestamp: %s%n", status.lastRunTimestamp());
}
if (status.failureMessage() != null && !status.failureMessage().isEmpty()) {
System.out.printf(" Failure message: %s%n", status.failureMessage());
}
});
} else {
System.out.println("No maintenance job status found.");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error: " + e.getMessage());
}
}
}