Realtime Compute for Apache Flink supports three categories of built-in functions: scalar functions, table-valued functions, and aggregate functions. If the built-in functions don't cover your use case, use user-defined functions (UDFs) instead.
The following tables list all built-in functions available in Realtime Compute for Apache Flink based on Apache Flink 1.15. The available functions vary by Apache Flink version — see the official documentation for 1.12, 1.13, 1.14, 1.15, 1.16, and 1.17. Ververica Runtime (VVR) 3.0.0 also adds extra built-in functions beyond those in Apache Flink 1.12 — see Scalar functions, Table-valued functions, and Aggregate functions.
Limitations
VVR 11.1 and later supports calling built-in functions in Table API jobs using SQL text.
Scalar functions
Comparison functions
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| value1 = value2 | Returns TRUE if value1 equals value2. |
| value1 \<\> value2 | Returns TRUE if value1 does not equal value2. |
| value1 \> value2 | Returns TRUE if value1 is greater than value2. |
| value1 \>= value2 | Returns TRUE if value1 is greater than or equal to value2. |
| value1 \< value2 | Returns TRUE if value1 is less than value2. |
| value1 \<= value2 | Returns TRUE if value1 is less than or equal to value2. |
| value IS NULL | Returns TRUE if value is NULL. |
| value IS NOT NULL | Returns TRUE if value is not NULL. |
| value1 IS DISTINCT FROM value2 | Returns TRUE if value1 and value2 differ in data type or value. NULL values are treated as equal. |
| value1 IS NOT DISTINCT FROM value2 | Returns TRUE if value1 and value2 have the same data type and value. NULL values are treated as equal. |
| value1 BETWEEN \[ASYMMETRIC | SYMMETRIC\] value2 AND value3 | By default (or with ASYMMETRIC), returns TRUE if value1 is between value2 and value3 (inclusive). |
| value1 NOT BETWEEN \[ASYMMETRIC | SYMMETRIC\] value2 AND value3 | By default (or with ASYMMETRIC), returns TRUE if value1 is less than value2 or greater than value3. |
| string1 LIKE string2 \[ESCAPE char\] | Returns TRUE if string1 matches pattern string2. |
| string1 NOT LIKE string2 \[ESCAPE char\] | Returns TRUE if string1 does not match pattern string2. |
| string1 SIMILAR TO string2 \[ESCAPE char\] | Returns TRUE if string1 matches SQL regular expression string2. |
| string1 NOT SIMILAR TO string2 \[ESCAPE char\] | Returns TRUE if string1 does not match SQL regular expression string2. |
| value1 IN (value2 \[, value3\]\*) | Returns TRUE if value1 exists in the list. |
| value1 NOT IN (value2 \[, value3\]\*) | Returns TRUE if value1 does not exist in the list. |
| EXISTS (sub-query) | Returns TRUE if the subquery returns at least one row. |
| value IN (sub-query) | Returns TRUE if value equals a row in the subquery result set. |
| value NOT IN (sub-query) | Returns TRUE if value is not in any row returned by the subquery. |
Logical functions
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| BITAND | Performs a bitwise AND operation. |
| BITNOT | Performs a bitwise NOT operation. |
| BITOR | Performs a bitwise OR operation. |
| BITXOR | Performs a bitwise XOR operation. |
| boolean1 OR boolean2 | Returns TRUE if boolean1 or boolean2 is TRUE. |
| boolean1 AND boolean2 | Returns TRUE if both boolean1 and boolean2 are TRUE. |
| NOT boolean | Returns TRUE if boolean is FALSE; returns FALSE if boolean is TRUE; returns UNKNOWN if boolean is UNKNOWN. |
| boolean IS FALSE | Returns TRUE if boolean is FALSE; returns FALSE if boolean is TRUE or UNKNOWN. |
| boolean IS NOT FALSE | Returns TRUE if boolean is TRUE or UNKNOWN; returns FALSE if boolean is FALSE. |
| boolean IS TRUE | Returns TRUE if boolean is TRUE; returns FALSE if boolean is FALSE or UNKNOWN. |
| boolean IS NOT TRUE | Returns TRUE if boolean is FALSE or UNKNOWN; returns FALSE if boolean is TRUE. |
| boolean IS UNKNOWN | Returns TRUE if boolean is UNKNOWN; returns FALSE if boolean is TRUE or FALSE. |
| boolean IS NOT UNKNOWN | Returns TRUE if boolean is TRUE or FALSE; returns FALSE if boolean is UNKNOWN. |
Arithmetic functions
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| + numeric | Returns the numeric value. |
| - numeric | Returns the negation of numeric. |
| numeric1 + numeric2 | Returns the sum of numeric1 and numeric2. |
| numeric1 - numeric2 | Returns the difference of numeric1 and numeric2. |
| numeric1 \* numeric2 | Returns the product of numeric1 and numeric2. |
| numeric1 / numeric2 | Returns the quotient of numeric1 divided by numeric2. |
| numeric1 % numeric2 | Returns the remainder of numeric1 divided by numeric2. |
| POWER(numeric1, numeric2) | Returns numeric1 raised to the power of numeric2. |
| ABS(numeric) | Returns the absolute value of numeric. |
| SQRT(numeric) | Returns the square root of numeric. |
| LN(numeric) | Returns the natural logarithm (base e) of numeric. |
| LOG10(numeric) | Returns the base-10 logarithm of numeric. |
| LOG2(numeric) | Returns the base-2 logarithm of numeric. |
| LOG(numeric2) | LOG(numeric1, numeric2) | With one argument, returns the natural logarithm of numeric2. With two arguments, returns the base-numeric1 logarithm of numeric2. Requires numeric2 > 0 and numeric1 > 1. |
| EXP(numeric) | Returns e raised to the power of numeric. |
| CEIL(numeric) | CEILING(numeric) | Rounds numeric up to the nearest integer. |
| FLOOR(numeric) | Rounds numeric down to the nearest integer. |
| SIN(numeric) | Returns the sine of numeric. |
| SINH(numeric) | Returns the hyperbolic sine of numeric. Returns DOUBLE. |
| COS(numeric) | Returns the cosine of numeric. |
| TAN(numeric) | Returns the tangent of numeric. |
| TANH(numeric) | Returns the hyperbolic tangent of numeric. Returns DOUBLE. |
| COT(numeric) | Returns the cotangent of numeric. |
| ASIN(numeric) | Returns the arcsine of numeric. |
| ACOS(numeric) | Returns the arccosine of numeric. |
| ATAN(numeric) | Returns the arctangent of numeric. |
| ATAN2(numeric1, numeric2) | Returns the arctangent of coordinate (numeric1, numeric2). |
| COSH(numeric) | Returns the hyperbolic cosine of numeric. Returns DOUBLE. |
| DEGREES(numeric) | Converts radians to degrees. |
| RADIANS(numeric) | Converts degrees to radians. |
| SIGN(numeric) | Returns the sign of numeric. |
| ROUND(numeric, INT) | Rounds numeric to INT decimal places. |
| PI() | Returns a value close to π. |
| E() | Returns a value close to e. |
| RAND() | Returns a pseudorandom double in [0.0, 1.0). |
| RAND(INT) | Returns a pseudorandom double in [0.0, 1.0) with seed INT. |
| RAND_INTEGER(INT) | Returns a pseudorandom integer in [0, INT). |
| RAND_INTEGER(INT1, INT2) | Returns a pseudorandom integer in [0, INT2) with seed INT1. |
| UUID() | Returns a pseudorandom UUID string (RFC 4122 Type 4). |
| BIN(INT) | Returns the binary string representation of INT. |
| HEX(numeric) | HEX(string) | Returns the hexadecimal string representation of a number or string. |
| TRUNCATE(numeric1, integer2) | Truncates numeric1 to integer2 decimal places. |
| UNHEX(expr) | Converts a hexadecimal string to BINARY. |
| PERCENTILE(expr, percentage\[, frequency\]) | Returns the exact percentile value of expr at the specified percentage. |
String functions
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| string1 || string2 | Returns the concatenation of string1 and string2. |
| CHAR_LENGTH(string) | CHARACTER_LENGTH(string) | Returns the number of characters in string. |
| UPPER(string) | Returns string in uppercase. |
| LOWER(string) | Returns string in lowercase. |
| POSITION(string1 IN string2) | Returns the position (1-based) of the first occurrence of string1 in string2. Returns 0 if not found. |
| TRIM(\[BOTH | LEADING | TRAILING\] string1 FROM string2) | Removes leading, trailing, or both occurrences of string1 from string2. For example, TRIM(TRAILING 'fe' FROM 'abcdef') returns 'abcd'. |
| LTRIM(string) | Removes leading spaces from string. |
| RTRIM(string) | Removes trailing spaces from string. |
| REPEAT(string, int) | Returns string repeated int times. |
| REGEXP_REPLACE | Replaces occurrences of a pattern in a string and returns the result. |
| OVERLAY(string1 PLACING string2 FROM integer1 \[FOR integer2\]) | Replaces integer2 characters in string1 starting at integer1 with string2. Defaults integer2 to the length of string2. |
| SUBSTRING(string FROM integer1 \[FOR integer2\]) | Returns a substring of string starting at integer1. If integer2 is specified, limits the length to integer2 characters. |
| REPLACE(string1, string2, string3) | Replaces all non-overlapping occurrences of string2 in string1 with string3. |
| REGEXP_EXTRACT(string1, string2\[, integer\]) | Splits string1 using regular expression string2 and returns the substring at position integer. |
| INITCAP(string) | Capitalizes the first letter of each word and lowercases the rest. |
| CONCAT(string1, string2, ...) | Concatenates multiple strings. Returns NULL if any input is NULL. |
| CONCAT_WS(string1, string2, string3, ...) | Concatenates string2, string3, ... with separator string1. |
| LPAD(string1, integer, string2) | Pads string1 on the left with string2 until it reaches length integer. |
| RPAD(string1, integer, string2) | Pads string1 on the right with string2 until it reaches length integer. |
| FROM_BASE64(string) | Decodes a Base64-encoded string. |
| TO_BASE64(string) | Encodes string using Base64. |
| ASCII(string) | Returns the ASCII code of the first character in string. |
| CHR(integer) | Returns the ASCII character corresponding to integer. |
| DECODE(binary, string) | Decodes binary using the specified encoding (US-ASCII, ISO-8859-1, UTF-8, UTF-16BE, UTF-16LE, or UTF-16). |
| ENCODE(string1, string2) | Encodes string1 using the encoding specified by string2 (US-ASCII, ISO-8859-1, UTF-8, UTF-16BE, UTF-16LE, or UTF-16). |
| INSTR(string1, string2) | Returns the position of the first occurrence of string2 in string1. |
| LEFT(string, integer) | Returns the leftmost integer characters of string. |
| RIGHT(string, integer) | Returns the rightmost integer characters of string. |
| LOCATE(string1, string2\[, integer\]) | Returns the position of the first occurrence of string1 in string2, starting from integer. |
| PARSE_URL | Parses a specific part of a URL and returns the value. |
| REGEXP | Searches for a regular expression pattern in a string and returns a boolean. |
| REGEXP_SUBSTR(str, regex) | Returns the first substring in str that matches regex. |
| REGEXP_INSTR(str, regex) | Returns the position of the first substring in str that matches regex. |
| REGEXP_COUNT(str, regex) | Returns the number of times str matches regex. |
| REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL(str, regex\[, extractIndex\]) | Extracts all substrings in str that match regex and correspond to group extractIndex. |
| REVERSE(string) | Returns string in reverse order. |
| SPLIT_INDEX | Splits a string by a delimiter and returns the element at a specified position. |
| STR_TO_MAP(string1\[, string2, string3\]) | Splits string1 into key-value pairs using delimiters and returns a map. |
| [SUBSTR(string\[, integer1\[, integer2\]\])](https://nightlies.apache.org/flink/flink-docs-release-1.17/docs/dev/table/functions/systemfunctions/#string-functions) | Returns a substring of string starting at integer1 with length integer2. |
| PRINTF(format\[, obj\]\*) | Returns a formatted string using printf-style formatting. |
| TRANSLATE(expr, fromStr, toStr) | Replaces each character in fromStr with the corresponding character in toStr. |
| ELT(index, expr\[, exprs\]\*) | Returns the expression at position index (1-based). |
| BTRIM(str\[, trimStr\]) | Removes leading and trailing characters in trimStr from str. Defaults to whitespace. |
| STARTSWITH(expr, startExpr) | Returns TRUE if expr starts with startExpr. Returns TRUE if startExpr is empty. |
| ENDSWITH(expr, endExpr) | Returns TRUE if expr ends with endExpr. Returns TRUE if endExpr is empty. |
Time functions
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| DATE string | Returns a SQL DATE value parsed from a string in yyyy-MM-dd format. |
| DATEDIFF | Calculates the difference between two date values. |
| DATE_ADD | Returns a date that is a specified number of days after a given date. |
| DATE_SUB | Returns a date that is a specified number of days before a given date. |
| TIME string | Returns a SQL TIME value parsed from a string in HH:mm:ss format. |
| TIMESTAMP string | Returns a SQL TIMESTAMP value parsed from a string in yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss[.SSS] format. |
| INTERVAL string range | Parses intervals in milliseconds from dd hh:mm:ss.fff format or in months from yyyy-mm format. |
| LOCALTIME | Returns the current local time as SQL TIME(0). |
| LOCALTIMESTAMP | Returns the current local timestamp as SQL TIMESTAMP(3). |
| CURRENT_TIME | Returns the current local time as SQL TIME. Equivalent to LOCALTIME. |
| CURRENT_DATE | Returns the current local date as SQL DATE. |
| CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | Returns the current local timestamp as SQL TIMESTAMP. |
| NOW() | Returns the current local timestamp as SQL TIMESTAMP. Equivalent to CURRENT_TIMESTAMP. |
| CURRENT_ROW_TIMESTAMP() | Returns the current local timestamp as SQL TIMESTAMP. |
| EXTRACT(timeintervalunit FROM temporal) | Extracts a LONG value for the specified timeintervalunit from temporal. |
| YEAR(date) | Returns the year component of a SQL DATE value. |
| QUARTER(date) | Returns the quarter component of a SQL DATE value. |
| MONTH(date) | Returns the month component of a SQL DATE value. |
| WEEK(date) | Returns the week-of-year number for a SQL DATE value. |
| DAYOFYEAR(date) | Returns the day-of-year number for a SQL DATE value. |
| DAYOFMONTH(date) | Returns the day-of-month number for a SQL DATE value. |
| HOUR(timestamp) | Returns the hour component of a SQL TIMESTAMP value. |
| MINUTE(timestamp) | Returns the minute component of a SQL TIMESTAMP value. |
| SECOND(timestamp) | Returns the second component of a SQL TIMESTAMP value. |
| FLOOR(timepoint TO timeintervalunit) | Rounds timepoint down to the nearest timeintervalunit. |
| CEIL(timepoint TO timeintervalunit) | Rounds timepoint up to the nearest timeintervalunit. |
| (timepoint1, temporal1) OVERLAPS (timepoint2, temporal2) | Returns TRUE if the two time intervals overlap. |
| DATE_FORMAT | Formats a STRING date value using a specified pattern. |
| DATE_FORMAT_TZ | Formats a TIMESTAMP value as a STRING in a specified time zone and format. |
| TIMESTAMPADD(timeintervalunit, interval, timepoint) | Adds an interval to timepoint and returns the new timepoint. |
| TIMESTAMPDIFF(timepointunit, timepoint1, timepoint2) | Returns the time interval between timepoint1 and timepoint2. |
| CONVERT_TZ(string1, string2, string3) | Converts datetime string1 from time zone string2 to time zone string3. Expects yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss format. |
| FROM_UNIXTIME | Returns a VARCHAR date value from a Unix timestamp. |
| UNIX_TIMESTAMP | Converts a date value to a Unix timestamp. |
| TO_DATE | Converts an INT or VARCHAR date value to the DATE data type. |
| TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ(numeric, precision) | Converts a Unix timestamp to TIMESTAMP_LTZ (milliseconds or seconds). |
| TO_TIMESTAMP(string1\[, string2\]) | Converts string1 in UTC+0 to a timestamp. Defaults format string2 to yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss. |
| TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ | Converts a VARCHAR date value to a TIMESTAMP in a specified time zone. |
| CURRENT_WATERMARK(rowtime) | Returns the current watermark for the rowtime column. |
Conditional functions
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| CASE value WHEN value1\_1 \[, value1\_2\]\* THEN result1 (WHEN value2\_1 \[, value2\_2\]\* THEN result2)\* (ELSE result\_z) END | Returns resultX if value matches any value in the valueX list. |
| CASE WHEN condition1 THEN result1 (WHEN condition2 THEN result2)\* (ELSE result\_z) END | Returns resultX for the first conditionX that is TRUE. |
| NULLIF(value1, value2) | Returns NULL if value1 equals value2; otherwise returns value1. |
| COALESCE(value1, value2\[, value3\]\*) | Returns the first non-NULL value among the arguments. |
| IF(condition, true\_value, false\_value) | Returns true\_value if condition is TRUE; otherwise returns false\_value. |
| IFNULL(input, null\_replacement) | Returns null\_replacement if input is NULL; otherwise returns input. |
| IS_ALPHA(string) | Returns TRUE if all characters in string are letters. |
| IS_DECIMAL(string) | Returns TRUE if string can be parsed as a valid number. |
| IS_DIGIT(string) | Returns TRUE if all characters in string are digits. |
| GREATEST(value1\[, value2\]\*) | Returns the maximum value among the arguments. Returns NULL if any input is NULL. |
| LEAST(value1\[, value2\]\*) | Returns the minimum value among the arguments. Returns NULL if any input is NULL. |
Data type conversion functions
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| CONV | Converts numeric values or characters between bases. |
| CAST(value AS type) | Converts value to the specified type. |
| TYPEOF(input) | TYPEOF(input, force\_serializable) | Returns the string representation of the data type of input. |
Collection functions
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| CARDINALITY(array) | Returns the number of elements in array. |
| array\[INT\] | Returns the element at position INT in array. |
| ELEMENT(array) | Returns the only element of array if its cardinality is 1. |
| CARDINALITY(map) | Returns the number of entries in map. |
| map\[value\] | Returns the value associated with the specified key in the map. |
JSON functions
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| IS JSON \[{ VALUE | SCALAR | ARRAY | OBJECT }\] | Returns TRUE if the input is a valid JSON string. |
| JSON_EXISTS(jsonValue, path \[{ TRUE | FALSE | UNKNOWN | ERROR } ON ERROR\]) | Returns TRUE if a JSON string satisfies the specified path condition. |
| JSON_STRING(value) | Serializes value into a JSON string. |
| JSON_VALUE | Extracts a scalar value at the specified path from a JSON string. |
| JSON_QUERY(jsonValue, path \[wrapper\] \[ON EMPTY\] \[ON ERROR\]) | Extracts a JSON value from a JSON string. |
| [JSON_OBJECT(\[\[KEY\] key VALUE value\]\* \[{ NULL | ABSENT } ON NULL\])](https://nightlies.apache.org/flink/flink-docs-release-1.17/docs/dev/table/functions/systemfunctions/#json-functions) | Builds a JSON object from key-value pairs. |
| JSON_OBJECTAGG(\[KEY\] key VALUE value \[{ NULL | ABSENT } ON NULL\]) | Aggregates key-value expressions into a JSON object. |
| JSON_ARRAY(\[value\]\* \[{ NULL | ABSENT } ON NULL\]) | Builds a JSON array from a list of values. |
| JSON_ARRAYAGG(items \[{ NULL | ABSENT } ON NULL\]) | Aggregates items into a JSON array string. |
| JSON_QUOTE | Wraps a string in double quotes as a JSON value. |
| JSON_UNQUOTE | Removes JSON quoting from a value. |
Value construction functions
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| (value1 \[, value2\]\*) | Returns a row constructed from the given values. |
| [ARRAY\[value1 \[, value2\]\*\]](https://nightlies.apache.org/flink/flink-docs-release-1.17/docs/dev/table/functions/systemfunctions/#value-construction-functions) | Returns an array constructed from the given values. |
| [MAP\[value1, value2 \[, value3, value4\]\*\]](https://nightlies.apache.org/flink/flink-docs-release-1.17/docs/dev/table/functions/systemfunctions/#value-construction-functions) | Returns a map constructed from the given key-value pairs. |
Value acquisition functions
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| tableName.compositeType.field | Extracts a field value from a composite type such as Tuple or POJO. |
| tableName.compositeType.\* | Expands a composite type such as Tuple or POJO into separate fields. |
Grouping functions
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| GROUP_ID() | Returns an integer that uniquely identifies a combination of grouping keys. |
| GROUPING(expression1 \[, expression2\]\*) | GROUPING_ID(expression1 \[, expression2\]\*) | Returns a bit vector representing the grouping status of the given expressions. |
Hash functions
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| MD5(string) | Returns the MD5 hash of string as a 32-character hexadecimal string. |
| SHA1(string) | Returns the SHA-1 hash of string as a 40-character hexadecimal string. |
| SHA224(string) | Returns the SHA-224 hash of string as a 56-character hexadecimal string. |
| SHA256(string) | Returns the SHA-256 hash of string as a 64-character hexadecimal string. |
| SHA384(string) | Returns the SHA-384 hash of string as a 96-character hexadecimal string. |
| SHA512(string) | Returns the SHA-512 hash of string as a 128-character hexadecimal string. |
| SHA2(string, hashLength) | Returns a hash using SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, or SHA-512, depending on hashLength. |
| MURMUR_HASH | Calculates the 32-bit Murmur hash of the input. |
| MURMUR_HASH_64 | Calculates the 64-bit Murmur hash of the input using the Murmur 128 algorithm. |
Other scalar functions
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| ISNAN | Returns TRUE if the specified floating-point number is NaN (equivalent to Double.isNaN() or Float.isNaN() in Java). |
| KEYVALUE | Splits a string into key-value pairs using split1 as the pair delimiter and split2 as the key-value delimiter, then returns the value for the specified key. |
Table-valued functions
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| GENERATE_SERIES | Generates a series of values following the pattern from, from+1, from+2 ... to-1. |
| JSON_TUPLE | Extracts values at each specified path from a JSON string. |
| MULTI_KEYVALUE | Splits a string into key-value pairs using split1 as the pair delimiter and split2 as the key-value delimiter, then returns the values for specified keys. |
| STRING_SPLIT | Splits a string into substrings using a specified delimiter and returns them as a list. |
Aggregate functions
Note
Starting from VVR 11.6, the variance and standard deviation functions use improved algorithms for better calculation accuracy. This change causes state incompatibility — jobs using these functions require a stateless restart. To keep the previous behavior, set table.exec.legacy-stddev-behaviour to true. Affected functions: STDDEV_POP, STDDEV_SAMP, VAR_POP, VAR_SAMP.
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| COUNT(\[ALL\] expression | DISTINCT expression1 \[, expression2\]\*) | Returns the number of non-NULL input rows for expression (ALL by default). |
| COUNT(\*) | COUNT(1) | Returns the total number of input rows. |
| AVG(\[ALL | DISTINCT\] expression) | Returns the average of expression across all input rows (ALL by default). |
| SUM(\[ALL | DISTINCT\] expression) | Returns the sum of expression across all input rows (ALL by default). |
| MAX(\[ALL | DISTINCT\] expression) | Returns the maximum value of expression across all input rows (ALL by default). |
| MIN(\[ALL | DISTINCT\] expression) | Returns the minimum value of expression across all input rows (ALL by default). |
| STDDEV_POP(\[ALL | DISTINCT\] expression) | Returns the population standard deviation of expression (ALL by default). |
| STDDEV_SAMP(\[ALL | DISTINCT\] expression) | Returns the sample standard deviation of expression (ALL by default). |
| VAR_POP(\[ALL | DISTINCT\] expression) | Returns the population variance of expression (ALL by default). |
| VAR_SAMP(\[ALL | DISTINCT\] expression) | Returns the sample variance of expression (ALL by default). |
| COLLECT(\[ALL | DISTINCT\] expression) | Collects expression values across all input rows into a multiset (ALL by default). |
| VARIANCE(\[ALL | DISTINCT\] expression) | Equivalent to VAR_SAMP(). |
| RANK() | Returns the rank of a value within a group of values. |
| DENSE_RANK() | Returns the dense rank of a value, incrementing by 1 for each distinct value. |
| ROW_NUMBER() | Returns the sequential row number within a window partition, starting from 1. |
| LEAD(expression \[, offset\] \[, default\]) | Returns the expression value from the row offset positions after the current row. Not supported in streaming mode. |
| LAG(expression \[, offset\] \[, default\]) | Returns the expression value from the row offset positions before the current row. |
| LISTAGG(expression \[, separator\]) | Concatenates string expression values, separated by separator. |
| APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT | Returns an approximate count of distinct values. Use instead of COUNT(DISTINCT) to improve job performance. |
| FIRST_VALUE | Returns the first non-NULL record in a data stream. |
| LAST_VALUE | Returns the last non-NULL record in a data stream. |