All Products
Search
Document Center

Elasticsearch:Performance test of an Elasticsearch cluster with 8-vCPU 32-GiB data nodes

Last Updated:Mar 26, 2026

This document describes the performance benchmark test performed on an Alibaba Cloud Elasticsearch V8.9.1 cluster with data nodes using 8 vCPUs and 32 GiB of memory. The test uses the Rally tool from open source Elasticsearch.

These results are for reference only. Run stress tests using your own production data before drawing conclusions about your workload.

Test setup

Parameter Value
Elasticsearch version 8.9.1
CPU type Intel
Data node specifications 8 vCPUs, 32 GiB memory
Storage type Enhanced SSD (ESSD)
Storage performance level PL1
Storage per data node 200 GiB
Number of data nodes 3
Rally track Default (http_logs)
Dataset Built-in http_logs dataset — 258,610,096 documents
Primary shards 6
Replica shards 0
bulk_size 2,000 documents per request
bulk_indexing_clients 10 parallel clients

The test uses Rally's default track configuration and the built-in http_logs dataset. The dataset source is available on Elasticsearch Rally Hub.

Test results

Key results at a glance

The cluster sustained a mean indexing throughput of 375,676 docs/s with a median p50 latency of 41.2 ms. All tasks completed with a 0% error rate.

For search queries, p50 latency ranged from 5.9 ms (400s-in-range task) to 1,854 ms (hourly aggregations). For sort queries on timestamp fields, enabling the can_match shortcut reduced p50 latency from 25.4 ms to 14.1 ms.

Full test report

For metric definitions, see Overview.

Metric Task Value Unit
Cumulative indexing time of primary shards - 122.536 min
Min cumulative indexing time across primary shards - 0 min
Median cumulative indexing time across primary shards - 0.822067 min
Max cumulative indexing time across primary shards - 15.4798 min
Cumulative indexing throttle time of primary shards - 0 min
Min cumulative indexing throttle time across primary shards - 0 min
Median cumulative indexing throttle time across primary shards - 0 min
Max cumulative indexing throttle time across primary shards - 0 min
Cumulative merge time of primary shards - 40.7554 min
Cumulative merge count of primary shards - 489 -
Min cumulative merge time across primary shards - 0 min
Median cumulative merge time across primary shards - 0.090675 min
Max cumulative merge time across primary shards - 6.85737 min
Cumulative merge throttle time of primary shards - 9.87777 min
Min cumulative merge throttle time across primary shards - 0 min
Median cumulative merge throttle time across primary shards - 0 min
Max cumulative merge throttle time across primary shards - 2.54748 min
Cumulative refresh time of primary shards - 7.774 min
Cumulative refresh count of primary shards - 4821 -
Min cumulative refresh time across primary shards - 0 min
Median cumulative refresh time across primary shards - 0.058908 min
Max cumulative refresh time across primary shards - 0.930517 min
Cumulative flush time of primary shards - 2.17023 min
Cumulative flush count of primary shards - 597 -
Min cumulative flush time across primary shards - 3.33E-05 min
Median cumulative flush time across primary shards - 0.001292 min
Max cumulative flush time across primary shards - 0.3642 min
Total Young Gen GC time - 7.526 s
Total Young Gen GC count - 429 -
Total Old Gen GC time - 0 s
Total Old Gen GC count - 0 -
Store size - 18.7482 GB
Translog size - 0.000525 GB
Heap used for segments - 0 MB
Heap used for doc values - 0 MB
Heap used for terms - 0 MB
Heap used for norms - 0 MB
Heap used for points - 0 MB
Heap used for stored fields - 0 MB
Segment count - 53 -
Total Ingest Pipeline count - 0 -
Total Ingest Pipeline time - 0 s
Total Ingest Pipeline failed - 0 -
Min Throughput index-append 362,508 docs/s
Mean Throughput index-append 375,676 docs/s
Median Throughput index-append 370,496 docs/s
Max Throughput index-append 407,613 docs/s
50th percentile latency index-append 41.1651 ms
90th percentile latency index-append 58.5305 ms
99th percentile latency index-append 478.733 ms
99.9th percentile latency index-append 1385.4 ms
99.99th percentile latency index-append 1925.1 ms
100th percentile latency index-append 2452.26 ms
50th percentile service time index-append 41.1651 ms
90th percentile service time index-append 58.5305 ms
99th percentile service time index-append 478.733 ms
99.9th percentile service time index-append 1385.4 ms
99.99th percentile service time index-append 1925.1 ms
100th percentile service time index-append 2452.26 ms
error rate index-append 0 %
Min Throughput default 20.01 ops/s
Mean Throughput default 20.01 ops/s
Median Throughput default 20.01 ops/s
Max Throughput default 20.01 ops/s
50th percentile latency default 6.33046 ms
90th percentile latency default 6.83727 ms
99th percentile latency default 7.56115 ms
100th percentile latency default 8.45465 ms
50th percentile service time default 5.15553 ms
90th percentile service time default 5.49738 ms
99th percentile service time default 6.40464 ms
100th percentile service time default 7.38945 ms
error rate default 0 %
Min Throughput term 44.85 ops/s
Mean Throughput term 45.05 ops/s
Median Throughput term 45.05 ops/s
Max Throughput term 45.25 ops/s
50th percentile latency term 7.9993 ms
90th percentile latency term 8.68191 ms
99th percentile latency term 11.0025 ms
100th percentile latency term 13.8358 ms
50th percentile service time term 6.24537 ms
90th percentile service time term 7.39182 ms
99th percentile service time term 10.0738 ms
100th percentile service time term 13.033 ms
error rate term 0 %
Min Throughput terms_enum 49.98 ops/s
Mean Throughput terms_enum 49.98 ops/s
Median Throughput terms_enum 49.98 ops/s
Max Throughput terms_enum 49.98 ops/s
50th percentile latency terms_enum 6.80751 ms
90th percentile latency terms_enum 7.78289 ms
99th percentile latency terms_enum 9.39097 ms
100th percentile latency terms_enum 13.406 ms
50th percentile service time terms_enum 5.34045 ms
90th percentile service time terms_enum 6.03417 ms
99th percentile service time terms_enum 8.65276 ms
100th percentile service time terms_enum 12.6348 ms
error rate terms_enum 0 %
Min Throughput range 25.01 ops/s
Mean Throughput range 25.01 ops/s
Median Throughput range 25.01 ops/s
Max Throughput range 25.01 ops/s
50th percentile latency range 8.05112 ms
90th percentile latency range 8.97042 ms
99th percentile latency range 10.3617 ms
100th percentile latency range 14.5887 ms
50th percentile service time range 7.02528 ms
90th percentile service time range 7.62575 ms
99th percentile service time range 9.43728 ms
100th percentile service time range 13.7973 ms
error rate range 0 %
Min Throughput 200s-in-range 25.01 ops/s
Mean Throughput 200s-in-range 25.02 ops/s
Median Throughput 200s-in-range 25.02 ops/s
Max Throughput 200s-in-range 25.02 ops/s
50th percentile latency 200s-in-range 7.24157 ms
90th percentile latency 200s-in-range 7.69111 ms
99th percentile latency 200s-in-range 8.2046 ms
100th percentile latency 200s-in-range 8.59885 ms
50th percentile service time 200s-in-range 6.09976 ms
90th percentile service time 200s-in-range 6.43257 ms
99th percentile service time 200s-in-range 7.27131 ms
100th percentile service time 200s-in-range 7.34293 ms
error rate 200s-in-range 0 %
Min Throughput 400s-in-range 49.94 ops/s
Mean Throughput 400s-in-range 49.94 ops/s
Median Throughput 400s-in-range 49.94 ops/s
Max Throughput 400s-in-range 49.95 ops/s
50th percentile latency 400s-in-range 5.86702 ms
90th percentile latency 400s-in-range 6.35979 ms
99th percentile latency 400s-in-range 8.80129 ms
100th percentile latency 400s-in-range 9.06539 ms
50th percentile service time 400s-in-range 4.69607 ms
90th percentile service time 400s-in-range 5.39334 ms
99th percentile service time 400s-in-range 7.95633 ms
100th percentile service time 400s-in-range 8.3838 ms
error rate 400s-in-range 0 %
Min Throughput hourly_agg 0.2 ops/s
Mean Throughput hourly_agg 0.2 ops/s
Median Throughput hourly_agg 0.2 ops/s
Max Throughput hourly_agg 0.2 ops/s
50th percentile latency hourly_agg 1853.62 ms
90th percentile latency hourly_agg 1940.21 ms
99th percentile latency hourly_agg 1975.29 ms
100th percentile latency hourly_agg 1994.04 ms
50th percentile service time hourly_agg 1852.23 ms
90th percentile service time hourly_agg 1938.97 ms
99th percentile service time hourly_agg 1972.66 ms
100th percentile service time hourly_agg 1991.26 ms
error rate hourly_agg 0 %
Min Throughput scroll 25.04 pages/s
Mean Throughput scroll 25.07 pages/s
Median Throughput scroll 25.06 pages/s
Max Throughput scroll 25.12 pages/s
50th percentile latency scroll 275.533 ms
90th percentile latency scroll 288.14 ms
99th percentile latency scroll 300.067 ms
100th percentile latency scroll 303.366 ms
50th percentile service time scroll 273.268 ms
90th percentile service time scroll 285.79 ms
99th percentile service time scroll 297.811 ms
100th percentile service time scroll 301.071 ms
error rate scroll 0 %
Min Throughput desc_sort_timestamp 2.01 ops/s
Mean Throughput desc_sort_timestamp 2.01 ops/s
Median Throughput desc_sort_timestamp 2.01 ops/s
Max Throughput desc_sort_timestamp 2.01 ops/s
50th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp 13.4211 ms
90th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp 15.366 ms
99th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp 27.0805 ms
100th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp 40.4204 ms
50th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp 11.7868 ms
90th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp 13.7557 ms
99th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp 26.2268 ms
100th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp 39.6381 ms
error rate desc_sort_timestamp 0 %
Min Throughput asc_sort_timestamp 19.89 ops/s
Mean Throughput asc_sort_timestamp 19.9 ops/s
Median Throughput asc_sort_timestamp 19.9 ops/s
Max Throughput asc_sort_timestamp 19.92 ops/s
50th percentile latency asc_sort_timestamp 8.48584 ms
90th percentile latency asc_sort_timestamp 9.96201 ms
99th percentile latency asc_sort_timestamp 16.3567 ms
100th percentile latency asc_sort_timestamp 17.2047 ms
50th percentile service time asc_sort_timestamp 7.43409 ms
90th percentile service time asc_sort_timestamp 8.33082 ms
99th percentile service time asc_sort_timestamp 15.4551 ms
100th percentile service time asc_sort_timestamp 15.7335 ms
error rate asc_sort_timestamp 0 %
Min Throughput desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 1.01 ops/s
Mean Throughput desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 1.02 ops/s
Median Throughput desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 1.01 ops/s
Max Throughput desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 1.09 ops/s
50th percentile latency desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 79.2798 ms
90th percentile latency desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 80.8779 ms
99th percentile latency desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 83.307 ms
100th percentile latency desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 83.5177 ms
50th percentile service time desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 77.4403 ms
90th percentile service time desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 79.0522 ms
99th percentile service time desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 81.5056 ms
100th percentile service time desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 81.7177 ms
error rate desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 0 %
Min Throughput asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 0.5 ops/s
Mean Throughput asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 0.51 ops/s
Median Throughput asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 0.51 ops/s
Max Throughput asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 0.55 ops/s
50th percentile latency asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 38.0951 ms
90th percentile latency asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 44.6393 ms
99th percentile latency asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 49.4219 ms
100th percentile latency asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 50.1881 ms
50th percentile service time asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 35.2014 ms
90th percentile service time asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 42.1339 ms
99th percentile service time asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 46.454 ms
100th percentile service time asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 47.0015 ms
error rate asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 0 %
Min Throughput desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Mean Throughput desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Median Throughput desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Max Throughput desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
50th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 14.0562 ms
90th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 15.2618 ms
99th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 19.2773 ms
100th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 29.1137 ms
50th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 12.4909 ms
90th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 13.7856 ms
99th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 17.2144 ms
100th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 27.9894 ms
error rate desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 0 %
Min Throughput desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Mean Throughput desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Median Throughput desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Max Throughput desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
50th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 25.4127 ms
90th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 27.7406 ms
99th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 55.8656 ms
100th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 62.5015 ms
50th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 23.2302 ms
90th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 25.5375 ms
99th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 53.6796 ms
100th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 59.7691 ms
error rate desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 0 %
Min Throughput sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Mean Throughput sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Median Throughput sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Max Throughput sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
50th percentile latency sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 9.24444 ms
90th percentile latency sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 9.88212 ms
99th percentile latency sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 12.6447 ms
100th percentile latency sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 13.65 ms
50th percentile service time sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 7.69027 ms
90th percentile service time sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 8.23397 ms
99th percentile service time sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 11.2893 ms
100th percentile service time sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 12.303 ms
error rate sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 0 %
Min Throughput sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Mean Throughput sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Median Throughput sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Max Throughput sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
50th percentile latency sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 8.28016 ms
90th percentile latency sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 8.87949 ms
99th percentile latency sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 9.32734 ms
100th percentile latency sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 9.43089 ms
50th percentile service time sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 6.65262 ms
90th percentile service time sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 7.24189 ms
99th percentile service time sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 7.68775 ms
100th percentile service time sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 8.47311 ms
error rate sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 0 %
Min Throughput sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 1.26 ops/s
Mean Throughput sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 1.26 ops/s
Median Throughput sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 1.26 ops/s
Max Throughput sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 1.26 ops/s
50th percentile latency sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 73385.6 ms
90th percentile latency sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 84807.8 ms
99th percentile latency sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 87294.7 ms
100th percentile latency sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 87586.5 ms
50th percentile service time sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 787.571 ms
90th percentile service time sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 814.614 ms
99th percentile service time sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 834.953 ms
100th percentile service time sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 839.377 ms
error rate sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 0 %
Min Throughput sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 1.26 ops/s
Mean Throughput sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 1.26 ops/s
Median Throughput sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 1.26 ops/s
Max Throughput sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 1.26 ops/s
50th percentile latency sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 73580.1 ms
90th percentile latency sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 85770.1 ms
99th percentile latency sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 88529.6 ms
100th percentile latency sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 88820.8 ms
50th percentile service time sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 799.614 ms
90th percentile service time sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 828.045 ms
99th percentile service time sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 854.933 ms
100th percentile service time sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 874.804 ms
error rate sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 0 %
Min Throughput desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 1 ops/s
Mean Throughput desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 1 ops/s
Median Throughput desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 1 ops/s
Max Throughput desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 1 ops/s
50th percentile latency desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 183.441 ms
90th percentile latency desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 211.52 ms
99th percentile latency desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 241.873 ms
100th percentile latency desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 263.513 ms
50th percentile service time desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 181.216 ms
90th percentile service time desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 209.728 ms
99th percentile service time desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 240.471 ms
100th percentile service time desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 261.097 ms
error rate desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 0 %
Min Throughput asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 49.48 ops/s
Mean Throughput asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 49.52 ops/s
Median Throughput asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 49.52 ops/s
Max Throughput asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 49.56 ops/s
50th percentile latency asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 7.79154 ms
90th percentile latency asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 8.39706 ms
99th percentile latency asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 9.2912 ms
100th percentile latency asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 9.62954 ms
50th percentile service time asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 6.04996 ms
90th percentile service time asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 7.27988 ms
99th percentile service time asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 7.87463 ms
100th percentile service time asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 8.24405 ms
error rate asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 0 %
Min Throughput desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 1.01 ops/s
Mean Throughput desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 1.01 ops/s
Median Throughput desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 1.01 ops/s
Max Throughput desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 1.06 ops/s
50th percentile latency desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 409.538 ms
90th percentile latency desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 450.651 ms
99th percentile latency desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 715.124 ms
100th percentile latency desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 717.66 ms
50th percentile service time desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 407.808 ms
90th percentile service time desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 449.212 ms
99th percentile service time desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 712.978 ms
100th percentile service time desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 715.424 ms
error rate desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 0 %
Min Throughput asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 0.5 ops/s
Mean Throughput asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 0.51 ops/s
Median Throughput asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 0.51 ops/s
Max Throughput asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 0.55 ops/s
50th percentile latency asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 90.5252 ms
90th percentile latency asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 97.1591 ms
99th percentile latency asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 104.318 ms
100th percentile latency asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 105.863 ms
50th percentile service time asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 87.4308 ms
90th percentile service time asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 93.7792 ms
99th percentile service time asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 100.628 ms
100th percentile service time asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 101.746 ms
error rate asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 0 %