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Elasticsearch:Performance test of a 4-core 16 GiB data node instance

Last Updated:Mar 26, 2026

This page provides benchmark results for an Alibaba Cloud Elasticsearch V8.9.1 cluster with 4-vCPU 16 GiB data nodes, tested using Rally, the official Elasticsearch benchmarking tool.

How to use these results: Use this data as a reference when selecting a cluster specification or planning capacity. Because results vary with data characteristics and query patterns, run your own stress test against production data before finalizing your configuration.

Configurations

Item Description
Cluster configurations Version: 8.9.1 · CPU type: Intel · Data node specifications: 4 vCPUs and 16 GiB of memory · Storage type: Enhanced SSD (ESSD) · Storage performance level: PL1 · Storage space per data node: 200 GiB · Number of data nodes: 3
Rally configurations Default Rally tracks
Dataset Built-in http_logs dataset (258,610,096 documents). Download from Elasticsearch Rally Hub.
Number of shards Primary shards: 6 · Replica shards: 0
bulk_size 2,000 documents per request (Rally http_logs track default)
bulk_indexing_clients 10 parallel clients (Rally http_logs track default)

Note: bulk_size and bulk_indexing_clients follow the Rally http_logs track defaults. These values have a significant impact on indexing throughput. If your workload uses different batch sizes or concurrency levels, run a separate benchmark with parameters tuned to your data.

Test results

The test results are for reference only. Run stress tests using your own business production data.

Main metrics

Indexing rate Indexing latency
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Average CPU utilization of nodes Load of each node within 1 minute
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Number of write requests completed per second Amount of data written per second
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Test report

For metric definitions, see Overview.

Metric Task Value Unit
Cumulative indexing time of primary shards - 129.703 min
Min cumulative indexing time across primary shards - 0 min
Median cumulative indexing time across primary shards - 0.857517 min
Max cumulative indexing time across primary shards - 16.5645 min
Cumulative indexing throttle time of primary shards - 0 min
Min cumulative indexing throttle time across primary shards - 0 min
Median cumulative indexing throttle time across primary shards - 0 min
Max cumulative indexing throttle time across primary shards - 0 min
Cumulative merge time of primary shards - 50.4829 min
Cumulative merge count of primary shards - 601 -
Min cumulative merge time across primary shards - 0 min
Median cumulative merge time across primary shards - 0.081167 min
Max cumulative merge time across primary shards - 9.88038 min
Cumulative merge throttle time of primary shards - 15.6503 min
Min cumulative merge throttle time across primary shards - 0 min
Median cumulative merge throttle time across primary shards - 0 min
Max cumulative merge throttle time across primary shards - 4.30382 min
Cumulative refresh time of primary shards - 17.8214 min
Cumulative refresh count of primary shards - 6140 -
Min cumulative refresh time across primary shards - 0 min
Median cumulative refresh time across primary shards - 0.119483 min
Max cumulative refresh time across primary shards - 2.15253 min
Cumulative flush time of primary shards - 3.80468 min
Cumulative flush count of primary shards - 817 -
Min cumulative flush time across primary shards - 3.33E-05 min
Median cumulative flush time across primary shards - 0.016117 min
Max cumulative flush time across primary shards - 0.5159 min
Total Young Gen GC time - 17.58 s
Total Young Gen GC count - 922 -
Total Old Gen GC time - 0 s
Total Old Gen GC count - 0 -
Store size - 18.1059 GB
Translog size - 0.000209 GB
Heap used for segments - 0 MB
Heap used for doc values - 0 MB
Heap used for terms - 0 MB
Heap used for norms - 0 MB
Heap used for points - 0 MB
Heap used for stored fields - 0 MB
Segment count - 56 -
Total Ingest Pipeline count - 0 -
Total Ingest Pipeline time - 0 s
Total Ingest Pipeline failed - 0 -
Min Throughput index-append 207,170 docs/s
Mean Throughput index-append 219,531 docs/s
Median Throughput index-append 217,484 docs/s
Max Throughput index-append 238,529 docs/s
50th percentile latency index-append 80.1159 ms
90th percentile latency index-append 123.321 ms
99th percentile latency index-append 394.778 ms
99.9th percentile latency index-append 2125.09 ms
99.99th percentile latency index-append 2816.56 ms
100th percentile latency index-append 3341.14 ms
50th percentile service time index-append 80.1159 ms
90th percentile service time index-append 123.321 ms
99th percentile service time index-append 394.778 ms
99.9th percentile service time index-append 2125.09 ms
99.99th percentile service time index-append 2816.56 ms
100th percentile service time index-append 3341.14 ms
error rate index-append 0 %
Min Throughput default 19.95 ops/s
Mean Throughput default 19.96 ops/s
Median Throughput default 19.97 ops/s
Max Throughput default 19.97 ops/s
50th percentile latency default 6.14099 ms
90th percentile latency default 7.43625 ms
99th percentile latency default 35.009 ms
100th percentile latency default 73.9764 ms
50th percentile service time default 4.93161 ms
90th percentile service time default 6.18375 ms
99th percentile service time default 25.6137 ms
100th percentile service time default 73.0867 ms
error rate default 0 %
Min Throughput term 42.14 ops/s
Mean Throughput term 42.44 ops/s
Median Throughput term 42.44 ops/s
Max Throughput term 42.74 ops/s
50th percentile latency term 8.54857 ms
90th percentile latency term 10.4358 ms
99th percentile latency term 12.6224 ms
100th percentile latency term 22.1556 ms
50th percentile service time term 7.13231 ms
90th percentile service time term 8.7835 ms
99th percentile service time term 11.7613 ms
100th percentile service time term 20.9707 ms
error rate term 0 %
Min Throughput terms_enum 50 ops/s
Mean Throughput terms_enum 50.01 ops/s
Median Throughput terms_enum 50.01 ops/s
Max Throughput terms_enum 50.01 ops/s
50th percentile latency terms_enum 5.98002 ms
90th percentile latency terms_enum 8.03784 ms
99th percentile latency terms_enum 9.48662 ms
100th percentile latency terms_enum 11.5759 ms
50th percentile service time terms_enum 4.95221 ms
90th percentile service time terms_enum 6.8323 ms
99th percentile service time terms_enum 8.43886 ms
100th percentile service time terms_enum 11.0347 ms
error rate terms_enum 0 %
Min Throughput range 24.88 ops/s
Mean Throughput range 24.9 ops/s
Median Throughput range 24.9 ops/s
Max Throughput range 24.92 ops/s
50th percentile latency range 8.53625 ms
90th percentile latency range 10.119 ms
99th percentile latency range 87.6618 ms
100th percentile latency range 111.375 ms
50th percentile service time range 7.46765 ms
90th percentile service time range 9.07516 ms
99th percentile service time range 29.1409 ms
100th percentile service time range 110.444 ms
error rate range 0 %
Min Throughput 200s-in-range 25.02 ops/s
Mean Throughput 200s-in-range 25.02 ops/s
Median Throughput 200s-in-range 25.02 ops/s
Max Throughput 200s-in-range 25.02 ops/s
50th percentile latency 200s-in-range 6.58007 ms
90th percentile latency 200s-in-range 7.31511 ms
99th percentile latency 200s-in-range 13.0505 ms
100th percentile latency 200s-in-range 14.214 ms
50th percentile service time 200s-in-range 5.47809 ms
90th percentile service time 200s-in-range 6.12861 ms
99th percentile service time 200s-in-range 11.7787 ms
100th percentile service time 200s-in-range 12.7718 ms
error rate 200s-in-range 0 %
Min Throughput 400s-in-range 49.28 ops/s
Mean Throughput 400s-in-range 49.59 ops/s
Median Throughput 400s-in-range 49.59 ops/s
Max Throughput 400s-in-range 49.9 ops/s
50th percentile latency 400s-in-range 5.87218 ms
90th percentile latency 400s-in-range 107.373 ms
99th percentile latency 400s-in-range 165.168 ms
100th percentile latency 400s-in-range 167.499 ms
50th percentile service time 400s-in-range 4.84777 ms
90th percentile service time 400s-in-range 9.54248 ms
99th percentile service time 400s-in-range 36.7794 ms
100th percentile service time 400s-in-range 154.091 ms
error rate 400s-in-range 0 %
Min Throughput hourly_agg 0.2 ops/s
Mean Throughput hourly_agg 0.2 ops/s
Median Throughput hourly_agg 0.2 ops/s
Max Throughput hourly_agg 0.2 ops/s
50th percentile latency hourly_agg 1924.92 ms
90th percentile latency hourly_agg 2009.28 ms
99th percentile latency hourly_agg 2118.9 ms
100th percentile latency hourly_agg 2302.15 ms
50th percentile service time hourly_agg 1921.89 ms
90th percentile service time hourly_agg 2007.78 ms
99th percentile service time hourly_agg 2116.37 ms
100th percentile service time hourly_agg 2300.89 ms
error rate hourly_agg 0 %
Min Throughput scroll 25.05 pages/s
Mean Throughput scroll 25.08 pages/s
Median Throughput scroll 25.07 pages/s
Max Throughput scroll 25.14 pages/s
50th percentile latency scroll 355.086 ms
90th percentile latency scroll 373.589 ms
99th percentile latency scroll 407.765 ms
100th percentile latency scroll 443.031 ms
50th percentile service time scroll 353.174 ms
90th percentile service time scroll 371.193 ms
99th percentile service time scroll 405.43 ms
100th percentile service time scroll 440.533 ms
error rate scroll 0 %
Min Throughput desc_sort_timestamp 2.01 ops/s
Mean Throughput desc_sort_timestamp 2.01 ops/s
Median Throughput desc_sort_timestamp 2.01 ops/s
Max Throughput desc_sort_timestamp 2.01 ops/s
50th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp 33.0101 ms
90th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp 36.9596 ms
99th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp 58.5063 ms
100th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp 58.978 ms
50th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp 31.3791 ms
90th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp 35.3589 ms
99th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp 57.1305 ms
100th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp 57.783 ms
error rate desc_sort_timestamp 0 %
Min Throughput asc_sort_timestamp 19.99 ops/s
Mean Throughput asc_sort_timestamp 19.99 ops/s
Median Throughput asc_sort_timestamp 19.99 ops/s
Max Throughput asc_sort_timestamp 19.99 ops/s
50th percentile latency asc_sort_timestamp 11.2175 ms
90th percentile latency asc_sort_timestamp 14.8594 ms
99th percentile latency asc_sort_timestamp 21.2579 ms
100th percentile latency asc_sort_timestamp 21.2697 ms
50th percentile service time asc_sort_timestamp 10.3341 ms
90th percentile service time asc_sort_timestamp 13.5502 ms
99th percentile service time asc_sort_timestamp 20.1624 ms
100th percentile service time asc_sort_timestamp 20.5719 ms
error rate asc_sort_timestamp 0 %
Min Throughput desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 1 ops/s
Mean Throughput desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 1.01 ops/s
Median Throughput desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 1.01 ops/s
Max Throughput desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 1.04 ops/s
50th percentile latency desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 585.964 ms
90th percentile latency desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 616.699 ms
99th percentile latency desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 658.428 ms
100th percentile latency desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 675.078 ms
50th percentile service time desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 584.084 ms
90th percentile service time desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 615.507 ms
99th percentile service time desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 657.173 ms
100th percentile service time desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 673.631 ms
error rate desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 0 %
Min Throughput asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 0.5 ops/s
Mean Throughput asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 0.51 ops/s
Median Throughput asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 0.51 ops/s
Max Throughput asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 0.55 ops/s
50th percentile latency asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 14.9573 ms
90th percentile latency asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 16.8667 ms
99th percentile latency asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 21.4881 ms
100th percentile latency asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 29.497 ms
50th percentile service time asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 11.9017 ms
90th percentile service time asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 14.1056 ms
99th percentile service time asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 18.8203 ms
100th percentile service time asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 27.1084 ms
error rate asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 0 %
Min Throughput desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 2 ops/s
Mean Throughput desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Median Throughput desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Max Throughput desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
50th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 37.3768 ms
90th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 40.8894 ms
99th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 53.2476 ms
100th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 81.5778 ms
50th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 35.942 ms
90th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 39.7756 ms
99th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 51.8262 ms
100th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 80.1559 ms
error rate desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 0 %
Min Throughput desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Mean Throughput desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Median Throughput desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Max Throughput desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
50th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 47.6447 ms
90th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 50.1462 ms
99th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 63.3456 ms
100th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 68.4468 ms
50th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 46.1795 ms
90th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 48.3907 ms
99th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 61.9762 ms
100th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 66.3827 ms
error rate desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 0 %
Min Throughput sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Mean Throughput sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Median Throughput sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Max Throughput sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
50th percentile latency sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 11.2726 ms
90th percentile latency sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 12.2857 ms
99th percentile latency sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 13.6317 ms
100th percentile latency sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 13.9129 ms
50th percentile service time sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 9.69712 ms
90th percentile service time sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 10.7475 ms
99th percentile service time sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 11.9499 ms
100th percentile service time sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 12.4481 ms
error rate sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 0 %
Min Throughput sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Mean Throughput sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Median Throughput sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Max Throughput sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
50th percentile latency sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 9.78064 ms
90th percentile latency sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 10.7862 ms
99th percentile latency sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 12.436 ms
100th percentile latency sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 16.6298 ms
50th percentile service time sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 8.18368 ms
90th percentile service time sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 9.25296 ms
99th percentile service time sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 10.9936 ms
100th percentile service time sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 15.1334 ms
error rate sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 0 %
Min Throughput sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 0.96 ops/s
Mean Throughput sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 0.97 ops/s
Median Throughput sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 0.97 ops/s
Max Throughput sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 0.97 ops/s
50th percentile latency sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 134,537 ms
90th percentile latency sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 155,131 ms
99th percentile latency sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 159,715 ms
100th percentile latency sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 160,208 ms
50th percentile service time sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 1004.01 ms
90th percentile service time sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 1101.34 ms
99th percentile service time sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 1254.52 ms
100th percentile service time sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 1380.32 ms
error rate sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 0 %
Min Throughput sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 0.97 ops/s
Mean Throughput sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 0.97 ops/s
Median Throughput sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 0.97 ops/s
Max Throughput sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 0.97 ops/s
50th percentile latency sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 133,640 ms
90th percentile latency sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 155,138 ms
99th percentile latency sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 159,603 ms
100th percentile latency sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 160,232 ms
50th percentile service time sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 1005.74 ms
90th percentile service time sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 1169.51 ms
99th percentile service time sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 1339.2 ms
100th percentile service time sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 1406.59 ms
error rate sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 0 %
Min Throughput desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 1 ops/s
Mean Throughput desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 1 ops/s
Median Throughput desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 1 ops/s
Max Throughput desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 1 ops/s
50th percentile latency desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 260.097 ms
90th percentile latency desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 284.032 ms
99th percentile latency desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 306.384 ms
100th percentile latency desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 353.419 ms
50th percentile service time desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 258.32 ms
90th percentile service time desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 283.151 ms
99th percentile service time desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 304.338 ms
100th percentile service time desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 351.788 ms
error rate desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 0 %
Min Throughput asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 44.84 ops/s
Mean Throughput asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 45.27 ops/s
Median Throughput asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 45.27 ops/s
Max Throughput asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 45.7 ops/s
50th percentile latency asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 10.0604 ms
90th percentile latency asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 12.623 ms
99th percentile latency asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 15.9647 ms
100th percentile latency asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 16.4214 ms
50th percentile service time asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 8.78168 ms
90th percentile service time asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 11.2994 ms
99th percentile service time asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 14.7302 ms
100th percentile service time asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 15.193 ms
error rate asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 0 %
Min Throughput desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 1 ops/s
Mean Throughput desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 1.01 ops/s
Median Throughput desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 1 ops/s
Max Throughput desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 1.03 ops/s
50th percentile latency desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 694.29 ms
90th percentile latency desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 750.585 ms
99th percentile latency desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 833.284 ms
100th percentile latency desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 868.189 ms
50th percentile service time desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 692.68 ms
90th percentile service time desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 749.14 ms
99th percentile service time desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 831.755 ms
100th percentile service time desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 866.98 ms
error rate desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 0 %
Min Throughput asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 0.5 ops/s
Mean Throughput asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 0.51 ops/s
Median Throughput asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 0.51 ops/s
Max Throughput asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 0.55 ops/s
50th percentile latency asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 63.5612 ms
90th percentile latency asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 76.791 ms
99th percentile latency asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 104.963 ms
100th percentile latency asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 105.541 ms
50th percentile service time asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 60.8479 ms
90th percentile service time asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 73.6437 ms
99th percentile service time asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 101.033 ms
100th percentile service time asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 102.378 ms
error rate asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 0 %