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Elasticsearch:16-Core 64 GiB Data Node Instance Performance Test

Last Updated:Mar 26, 2026

This page provides benchmark results for an Alibaba Cloud Elasticsearch V8.9.1 cluster with 16-vCPU, 64 GiB data nodes. The test uses the Rally tool from open-source Elasticsearch with the built-in http_logs track.

Run your own stress test with production data before making capacity decisions based on these results.

Test setup

Item Details
Cluster configuration Version: 8.9.1, CPU: Intel, Data node specs: 16 vCPUs and 64 GiB of memory
Storage Enhanced SSD (ESSD), PL1, 200 GiB per data node
Data nodes 3
Rally track Default Rally tracks
Dataset Built-in http_logs track — 258,610,096 documents (Elasticsearch Rally Hub)
Shards 6 primary, 0 replica
bulk_size 2,000 documents per request
bulk_indexing_clients 10 parallel clients

Test results

Note

These results are for reference only. Run stress tests with your own production data to validate performance for your specific workload.

Main metrics

Indexing rate

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Indexing latency

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Average CPU utilization of nodes

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Load of each node within 1 minute

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Number of write requests completed per second

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Amount of data that is written per second

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Test report

For metric definitions, see Overview.

How to read this table: Check the error rate first — if it is not 0%, the other metrics are not meaningful. Once you confirm errors are absent, evaluate throughput, then latency percentiles.

Latency vs. service time: Rally defines these differently from tools such as JMeter.

  • Latency: the time from when a request is submitted to when the complete response is received, including any queue waiting time before Elasticsearch starts processing.

  • Service time: the time Elasticsearch spends actively processing a request, excluding queue waiting time.

A large gap between service time and latency indicates requests are spending significant time waiting in the queue before processing. In this test, latency and service time are nearly identical for all tasks, indicating no queue pressure.

Cumulative timing metrics (rows for indexing, merge, refresh, and flush time) represent the sum of CPU time across all shards and indexing threads — not wall-clock elapsed time. For example, if 6 primary shards each accumulate 17 minutes of indexing CPU time, the cumulative total is 102 minutes.

Cluster-level indexing metrics

Metric Value Unit
Cumulative indexing time of primary shards 102.369 min
Min cumulative indexing time across primary shards 0 min
Median cumulative indexing time across primary shards 0.711267 min
Max cumulative indexing time across primary shards 12.8126 min
Cumulative indexing throttle time of primary shards 0 min
Min cumulative indexing throttle time across primary shards 0 min
Median cumulative indexing throttle time across primary shards 0 min
Max cumulative indexing throttle time across primary shards 0 min
Cumulative merge time of primary shards 38.8394 min
Cumulative merge count of primary shards 619 -
Min cumulative merge time across primary shards 0 min
Median cumulative merge time across primary shards 0.090917 min
Max cumulative merge time across primary shards 6.20867 min
Cumulative merge throttle time of primary shards 11.9978 min
Min cumulative merge throttle time across primary shards 0 min
Median cumulative merge throttle time across primary shards 0 min
Max cumulative merge throttle time across primary shards 2.13922 min
Cumulative refresh time of primary shards 3.99647 min
Cumulative refresh count of primary shards 5746 -
Min cumulative refresh time across primary shards 0 min
Median cumulative refresh time across primary shards 0.0376 min
Max cumulative refresh time across primary shards 0.38725 min
Cumulative flush time of primary shards 1.94607 min
Cumulative flush count of primary shards 707 -
Min cumulative flush time across primary shards 3.33E-05 min
Median cumulative flush time across primary shards 0.001108 min
Max cumulative flush time across primary shards 0.3201 min
Total Young Gen GC time 3.228 s
Total Young Gen GC count 204 -
Total Old Gen GC time 0 s
Total Old Gen GC count 0 -
Store size 18.8052 GB
Translog size 0.000405 GB
Heap used for segments 0 MB
Heap used for doc values 0 MB
Heap used for terms 0 MB
Heap used for norms 0 MB
Heap used for points 0 MB
Heap used for stored fields 0 MB
Segment count 51 -
Total Ingest Pipeline count 0 -
Total Ingest Pipeline time 0 s
Total Ingest Pipeline failed 0 -

Task-level throughput and latency

Metric Task Value Unit
Min Throughput index-append 503466 docs/s
Mean Throughput index-append 519250 docs/s
Median Throughput index-append 516300 docs/s
Max Throughput index-append 538377 docs/s
50th percentile latency index-append 27.3378 ms
90th percentile latency index-append 32.5944 ms
99th percentile latency index-append 436.678 ms
99.9th percentile latency index-append 878.5 ms
99.99th percentile latency index-append 1043.51 ms
100th percentile latency index-append 1428.1 ms
50th percentile service time index-append 27.3378 ms
90th percentile service time index-append 32.5944 ms
99th percentile service time index-append 436.678 ms
99.9th percentile service time index-append 878.5 ms
99.99th percentile service time index-append 1043.51 ms
100th percentile service time index-append 1428.1 ms
error rate index-append 0 %
Min Throughput default 20.02 ops/s
Mean Throughput default 20.02 ops/s
Median Throughput default 20.02 ops/s
Max Throughput default 20.02 ops/s
50th percentile latency default 5.51149 ms
90th percentile latency default 6.03594 ms
99th percentile latency default 13.0785 ms
100th percentile latency default 13.5715 ms
50th percentile service time default 4.25907 ms
90th percentile service time default 4.64726 ms
99th percentile service time default 11.6836 ms
100th percentile service time default 12.1387 ms
error rate default 0 %
Min Throughput term 49.93 ops/s
Mean Throughput term 49.93 ops/s
Median Throughput term 49.93 ops/s
Max Throughput term 49.93 ops/s
50th percentile latency term 6.07161 ms
90th percentile latency term 6.44158 ms
99th percentile latency term 6.63601 ms
100th percentile latency term 8.0271 ms
50th percentile service time term 4.97954 ms
90th percentile service time term 5.33865 ms
99th percentile service time term 5.61965 ms
100th percentile service time term 6.57516 ms
error rate term 0 %
Min Throughput terms_enum 50 ops/s
Mean Throughput terms_enum 50 ops/s
Median Throughput terms_enum 50 ops/s
Max Throughput terms_enum 50 ops/s
50th percentile latency terms_enum 6.07484 ms
90th percentile latency terms_enum 6.89182 ms
99th percentile latency terms_enum 9.76042 ms
100th percentile latency terms_enum 11.2901 ms
50th percentile service time terms_enum 4.92479 ms
90th percentile service time terms_enum 5.81058 ms
99th percentile service time terms_enum 8.03531 ms
100th percentile service time terms_enum 9.9108 ms
error rate terms_enum 0 %
Min Throughput range 25.01 ops/s
Mean Throughput range 25.02 ops/s
Median Throughput range 25.02 ops/s
Max Throughput range 25.02 ops/s
50th percentile latency range 7.97494 ms
90th percentile latency range 8.62053 ms
99th percentile latency range 8.97499 ms
100th percentile latency range 8.99078 ms
50th percentile service time range 6.85268 ms
90th percentile service time range 7.4089 ms
99th percentile service time range 7.75342 ms
100th percentile service time range 7.78395 ms
error rate range 0 %
Min Throughput 200s-in-range 25.01 ops/s
Mean Throughput 200s-in-range 25.01 ops/s
Median Throughput 200s-in-range 25.01 ops/s
Max Throughput 200s-in-range 25.01 ops/s
50th percentile latency 200s-in-range 6.936 ms
90th percentile latency 200s-in-range 7.40248 ms
99th percentile latency 200s-in-range 8.40093 ms
100th percentile latency 200s-in-range 11.5367 ms
50th percentile service time 200s-in-range 5.75406 ms
90th percentile service time 200s-in-range 6.22505 ms
99th percentile service time 200s-in-range 7.15061 ms
100th percentile service time 200s-in-range 9.99547 ms
error rate 200s-in-range 0 %
Min Throughput 400s-in-range 50 ops/s
Mean Throughput 400s-in-range 50 ops/s
Median Throughput 400s-in-range 50 ops/s
Max Throughput 400s-in-range 50 ops/s
50th percentile latency 400s-in-range 5.12141 ms
90th percentile latency 400s-in-range 5.52136 ms
99th percentile latency 400s-in-range 5.75318 ms
100th percentile latency 400s-in-range 5.87092 ms
50th percentile service time 400s-in-range 4.03716 ms
90th percentile service time 400s-in-range 4.34921 ms
99th percentile service time 400s-in-range 4.89859 ms
100th percentile service time 400s-in-range 5.05741 ms
error rate 400s-in-range 0 %
Min Throughput hourly_agg 0.2 ops/s
Mean Throughput hourly_agg 0.2 ops/s
Median Throughput hourly_agg 0.2 ops/s
Max Throughput hourly_agg 0.2 ops/s
50th percentile latency hourly_agg 1755.86 ms
90th percentile latency hourly_agg 1996.02 ms
99th percentile latency hourly_agg 2020.95 ms
100th percentile latency hourly_agg 2040.73 ms
50th percentile service time hourly_agg 1754.43 ms
90th percentile service time hourly_agg 1994.31 ms
99th percentile service time hourly_agg 2019.07 ms
100th percentile service time hourly_agg 2037.99 ms
error rate hourly_agg 0 %
Min Throughput scroll 25.05 pages/s
Mean Throughput scroll 25.08 pages/s
Median Throughput scroll 25.07 pages/s
Max Throughput scroll 25.14 pages/s
50th percentile latency scroll 234.742 ms
90th percentile latency scroll 242.755 ms
99th percentile latency scroll 250.337 ms
100th percentile latency scroll 337.316 ms
50th percentile service time scroll 232.442 ms
90th percentile service time scroll 240.834 ms
99th percentile service time scroll 247.915 ms
100th percentile service time scroll 335.292 ms
error rate scroll 0 %
Min Throughput desc_sort_timestamp 2 ops/s
Mean Throughput desc_sort_timestamp 2 ops/s
Median Throughput desc_sort_timestamp 2 ops/s
Max Throughput desc_sort_timestamp 2.01 ops/s
50th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp 31.5901 ms
90th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp 33.8105 ms
99th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp 38.3762 ms
100th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp 44.696 ms
50th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp 29.8104 ms
90th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp 32.4009 ms
99th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp 37.0111 ms
100th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp 43.2011 ms
error rate desc_sort_timestamp 0 %
Min Throughput asc_sort_timestamp 20.05 ops/s
Mean Throughput asc_sort_timestamp 20.06 ops/s
Median Throughput asc_sort_timestamp 20.06 ops/s
Max Throughput asc_sort_timestamp 20.07 ops/s
50th percentile latency asc_sort_timestamp 8.3407 ms
90th percentile latency asc_sort_timestamp 9.04953 ms
99th percentile latency asc_sort_timestamp 15.3909 ms
100th percentile latency asc_sort_timestamp 20.5605 ms
50th percentile service time asc_sort_timestamp 7.2043 ms
90th percentile service time asc_sort_timestamp 7.83903 ms
99th percentile service time asc_sort_timestamp 14.0796 ms
100th percentile service time asc_sort_timestamp 19.0772 ms
error rate asc_sort_timestamp 0 %
Min Throughput desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 1.01 ops/s
Mean Throughput desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 1.02 ops/s
Median Throughput desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 1.01 ops/s
Max Throughput desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 1.09 ops/s
50th percentile latency desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 41.1498 ms
90th percentile latency desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 47.7046 ms
99th percentile latency desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 71.4477 ms
100th percentile latency desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 124.917 ms
50th percentile service time desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 38.462 ms
90th percentile service time desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 45.2714 ms
99th percentile service time desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 68.8765 ms
100th percentile service time desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 121.753 ms
error rate desc_sort_with_after_timestamp 0 %
Min Throughput asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 0.5 ops/s
Mean Throughput asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 0.51 ops/s
Median Throughput asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 0.51 ops/s
Max Throughput asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 0.55 ops/s
50th percentile latency asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 13.9578 ms
90th percentile latency asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 14.9613 ms
99th percentile latency asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 28.89 ms
100th percentile latency asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 31.1749 ms
50th percentile service time asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 11.1284 ms
90th percentile service time asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 11.9826 ms
99th percentile service time asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 20.231 ms
100th percentile service time asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 29.4107 ms
error rate asc_sort_with_after_timestamp 0 %
Min Throughput desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Mean Throughput desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Median Throughput desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Max Throughput desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
50th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 36.3372 ms
90th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 41.905 ms
99th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 48.6297 ms
100th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 49.1483 ms
50th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 34.8325 ms
90th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 40.1548 ms
99th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 47.2503 ms
100th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 47.502 ms
error rate desc_sort_timestamp_can_match_shortcut 0 %
Min Throughput desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Mean Throughput desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Median Throughput desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Max Throughput desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
50th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 37.7254 ms
90th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 45.3597 ms
99th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 47.7873 ms
100th percentile latency desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 49.1575 ms
50th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 36.3303 ms
90th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 43.9334 ms
99th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 46.5774 ms
100th percentile service time desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 47.1958 ms
error rate desc_sort_timestamp_no_can_match_shortcut 0 %
Min Throughput sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Mean Throughput sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Median Throughput sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Max Throughput sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
50th percentile latency sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 9.36402 ms
90th percentile latency sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 9.96062 ms
99th percentile latency sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 11.2473 ms
100th percentile latency sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 12.2157 ms
50th percentile service time sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 7.87465 ms
90th percentile service time sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 8.33036 ms
99th percentile service time sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 9.16105 ms
100th percentile service time sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 10.4864 ms
error rate sort_keyword_can_match_shortcut 0 %
Min Throughput sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Mean Throughput sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Median Throughput sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
Max Throughput sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 2.01 ops/s
50th percentile latency sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 8.19808 ms
90th percentile latency sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 8.77071 ms
99th percentile latency sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 9.44634 ms
100th percentile latency sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 9.70565 ms
50th percentile service time sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 6.52511 ms
90th percentile service time sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 7.03643 ms
99th percentile service time sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 7.91567 ms
100th percentile service time sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 8.16122 ms
error rate sort_keyword_no_can_match_shortcut 0 %
Min Throughput sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 1.1 ops/s
Mean Throughput sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 1.11 ops/s
Median Throughput sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 1.11 ops/s
Max Throughput sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 1.12 ops/s
50th percentile latency sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 101209 ms
90th percentile latency sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 118692 ms
99th percentile latency sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 122533 ms
100th percentile latency sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 123103 ms
50th percentile service time sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 1000.97 ms
90th percentile service time sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 1080.05 ms
99th percentile service time sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 1095.82 ms
100th percentile service time sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 1096.24 ms
error rate sort_numeric_can_match_shortcut 0 %
Min Throughput sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 1.12 ops/s
Mean Throughput sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 1.12 ops/s
Median Throughput sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 1.12 ops/s
Max Throughput sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 1.13 ops/s
50th percentile latency sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 98668.4 ms
90th percentile latency sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 113322 ms
99th percentile latency sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 116559 ms
100th percentile latency sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 116846 ms
50th percentile service time sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 795.33 ms
90th percentile service time sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 1104.73 ms
99th percentile service time sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 1141.59 ms
100th percentile service time sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 1148.95 ms
error rate sort_numeric_no_can_match_shortcut 0 %
Min Throughput desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 1 ops/s
Mean Throughput desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 1 ops/s
Median Throughput desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 1 ops/s
Max Throughput desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 1 ops/s
50th percentile latency desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 60.6284 ms
90th percentile latency desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 79.2922 ms
99th percentile latency desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 88.8805 ms
100th percentile latency desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 286.93 ms
50th percentile service time desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 58.2357 ms
90th percentile service time desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 76.5327 ms
99th percentile service time desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 86.5926 ms
100th percentile service time desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 284.471 ms
error rate desc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 0 %
Min Throughput asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 49.13 ops/s
Mean Throughput asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 49.2 ops/s
Median Throughput asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 49.2 ops/s
Max Throughput asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 49.27 ops/s
50th percentile latency asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 7.26975 ms
90th percentile latency asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 8.16118 ms
99th percentile latency asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 8.66191 ms
100th percentile latency asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 9.04285 ms
50th percentile service time asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 5.68646 ms
90th percentile service time asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 7.15841 ms
99th percentile service time asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 7.51591 ms
100th percentile service time asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 7.92766 ms
error rate asc-sort-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 0 %
Min Throughput desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 1.01 ops/s
Mean Throughput desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 1.01 ops/s
Median Throughput desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 1.01 ops/s
Max Throughput desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 1.06 ops/s
50th percentile latency desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 393.162 ms
90th percentile latency desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 514.315 ms
99th percentile latency desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 520.91 ms
100th percentile latency desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 523.011 ms
50th percentile service time desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 391.428 ms
90th percentile service time desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 512.855 ms
99th percentile service time desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 519.339 ms
100th percentile service time desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 520.944 ms
error rate desc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 0 %
Min Throughput asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 0.5 ops/s
Mean Throughput asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 0.51 ops/s
Median Throughput asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 0.51 ops/s
Max Throughput asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 0.55 ops/s
50th percentile latency asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 79.3985 ms
90th percentile latency asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 93.5664 ms
99th percentile latency asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 100.714 ms
100th percentile latency asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 104.124 ms
50th percentile service time asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 76.4448 ms
90th percentile service time asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 90.3036 ms
99th percentile service time asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 97.415 ms
100th percentile service time asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 99.6565 ms
error rate asc-sort-with-after-timestamp-after-force-merge-1-seg 0 %