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E-MapReduce:Data import

Last Updated:Jun 23, 2026

Doris supports multiple data sources, formats, and import features to help you load data efficiently.

Supported data sources

Doris provides multiple data import methods. Select a method based on your data source.

Supported data formats

The supported data formats vary by import method.

Import method

Supported formats

Broker Load

Parquet, ORC, CSV, GZIP

Stream Load

CSV, GZIP, JSON

Routine Load

CSV, JSON

Import details

Doris data import has the following features.

Atomicity of imports

Every import job in Doris, whether it is a batch import using Broker Load or a single-row import using an INSERT statement, is a complete transaction. An import transaction ensures that all data in a batch is committed atomically, preventing partial data writes.

Each import job has a label. A label is unique within a database and uniquely identifies an import job. You can specify a label, or the system can generate one automatically.

A label ensures that the corresponding import job succeeds only once. If you reuse a label from a successful import, the request is rejected with the error Label already used. This mechanism provides At-Most-Once semantics in Doris. Combined with the At-Least-Once semantics of an upstream system, you can achieve Exactly-Once semantics for data import.

Sync and async imports

Import methods are either synchronous or asynchronous. For synchronous imports, the returned result indicates whether the import succeeded or failed. For asynchronous imports, a successful response indicates only that the job was submitted, not that the data was imported. Use the appropriate command to check the import job status.