Database Autonomy Service:Automatic performance scaling

Process of automatic scaling

Automatic scale-up

Automatic scale-down

• For an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL High-availability Edition instance that uses a standard SSD or an ESSD or a PolarDB for MySQL Cluster Edition cluster:

  After you enable the Automatic Scale-down/in feature, if the CPU utilization of your database instance is lower than 30% for longer than 99% of a scale-down observation window, an automatic scale-down is triggered after the Quiescent Period ends. The specifications of the database instance are scaled down to the original specifications in small increments.

  Important

  • The duration of a scale-down observation window equals the duration of an observation window plus 10 minutes. For example, if you set the Observation Window parameter to 30 minutes, the scale-down observation window is 40 minutes.

  • For ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL High-availability Edition instances that use standard SSDs or ESSDs, the automatic scale-down feature is supported only by instances whose kindCode parameter is set to 18. You can call an API operation to query the value of the kindCode parameter. For more information, see DescribeDBInstanceAttribute.

• For a general-purpose ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL Enterprise Edition instance:

  If the CPU utilization of your database instance is lower than 30% for longer than 99% of a scale-down observation window, DAS decreases the number of CPU cores and IOPS of the database instance back to the original specifications.

Billing methods

• For an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance:

  • General-purpose Enterprise Edition: You are charged based on the pay-as-you-go billing method, and fees are deducted once every hour.

    Price calculation formula: (Fee per CPU core × Number of CPU cores added) × Scale-up duration in minutes

  • High-availability Edition instance that uses a standard SSD or an ESSD: You are charged based on the instance specifications after a scale-up. The price for a scale-up varies based on the instance configurations, such as the region and the new instance type. For more information, visit the ApsaraDB RDS buy page.

• For a PolarDB for MySQL cluster:

  You can refer to the Configuration change fees topic to obtain information about the billing rules.

Examples

After you enable the automatic performance scaling feature for a database instance, DAS automatically scales up the database instance during peak hours. This doubles the read/write throughput and lowers the CPU utilization from higher than 90% to 25%. The database instance runs under a heavy load for approximately 10 hours. After the traffic decreases and the CPU utilization drops to lower than 25%, DAS scales the database instance back to the original specifications.

This way, DAS manages your database instance to handle traffic spikes during peak hours and helps ensure the stability of your business.

Impacts

• For an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL High-availability Edition instance that uses a standard SSD or an ESSD or a PolarDB for MySQL Cluster Edition cluster, a transient connection that lasts approximately 30 seconds may occur when your database instance is being scaled up or scaled down. In this case, make sure that your application is configured to automatically reconnect to the database instance.

• For a PolarDB for MySQL Cluster Edition cluster, DAS upgrades or downgrades only the specifications of the entire cluster instead of those of a single node in the cluster.

• If the database engine of the database instance is not of the latest minor version, DAS updates the database instance to run the database engine of the latest minor version when DAS scales up the database instance. This ensures the performance and stability of your database instance.

• The scaling operation is performed only on the primary instance. If primary/secondary switchover is triggered after the primary instance is scaled, one of the following situations occurs:

  • If the primary instance (original secondary instance) meets the specified trigger conditions for a scale-up or scale-down, DAS performs the scaling operation on the primary instance (original secondary instance).

  • If the secondary instance (original primary instance) meets the specified trigger conditions for a scale-down, DAS scales the secondary instance (original primary instance) back to its original specifications.

Procedure

1. Log on to the DAS console.

2. In the left-side navigation pane, click Instance Monitoring.

3. On the page that appears, find the database instance that you want to manage and click the instance ID. The instance details page appears.

4. In the left-side navigation pane, click Autonomy Center.

5. In the upper-right corner of the Autonomy Center tab, click Autonomy Service Settings.

6. On the Autonomous Function Settings tab of the Autonomous Function Management panel, enable the autonomy service.

7. Then, on the Optimization and Throttling tab, configure the parameters described in the following table.

   • Select Automatic Performance Scaling for an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL High-availability Edition instance that uses a standard SSD or an ESSD. Select Automatic Resource Elasticity for a general-purpose ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL Enterprise Edition instance. Then, configure the parameters described in the following table.

     Instance type	Parameter	Description
     General-purpose instance	CPU Utilization ≥	The threshold based on which an automatic scale-up is triggered. If the average CPU utilization is greater than or equal to the specified value, an automatic scale-up is triggered.
     High-availability Edition instance that uses standard SSDs or ESSDs	Observation Window	The time range during which you want to observe the performance of the database instance. DAS checks the average CPU utilization of the database instance during an observation window at specific intervals. If the average CPU utilization reaches the specified threshold, an automatic scale-up is triggered. Important The duration of a scale-down observation window equals the duration of an observation window plus 10 minutes. For example, if you set the Observation Window parameter to 30 minutes, the scale-down observation window is 40 minutes.
     	Maximum Specifications	The maximum specifications to which the database instance can be upgraded. If the CPU utilization of the database instance reaches the specified threshold, DAS scales up the database instance. If the CPU utilization of the database instance reaches the specified threshold again during the next Observation Window, DAS scales up the database instance again. This process is repeated until the database instance is scaled up to the maximum specifications that you specified.
     	Automatic Scale-down/in	After you select Automatic Scale-down/in, if the CPU utilization of your database instance is lower than 30% for longer than 99% of a scale-down observation window, an automatic scale-down is triggered after the Quiescent Period ends. The specifications of the database instance are scaled down to the original specifications in small increments. The duration of a scale-down observation window equals the duration of an observation window plus 10 minutes.
     	Quiescent Period	The minimum interval between two automatic scale-ups or two automatic scale-downs. During a quiescent period, DAS monitors the CPU utilization of the database instance, but does not trigger automatic scale-ups or scale-downs even if the specified conditions are met. If a quiescent period and an observation window end at the same time and the average CPU utilization within the observation window reaches the specified threshold, DAS automatically triggers a scale-up or scale-down.
     General-purpose Enterprise Edition instance	Scale-up Observation Window	The time range during which the performance of the database instance is observed. DAS checks the average CPU utilization of the database instance during an observation window at specific intervals. If the average CPU utilization reaches the specified threshold, an automatic scale-up is triggered.
     	Scale-back Observation Window	The time range during which the performance of the database instance is observed. DAS checks the CPU utilization of the database instance within an observation window at specific intervals. If the CPU utilization is lower than 30% for longer than 99% of the scale-down observation window, an automatic scale-down is triggered.

   • For a PolarDB for MySQL cluster, select Automatic Scale-up/out and Automatic Scale-down/in and configure the parameters described in the following table.

     Important

     • After you select Automatic Scale-up/out, if the CPU utilization of the cluster is greater than or equal to the specified threshold within an observation window, DAS automatically scales up the PolarDB cluster based on the workloads on the cluster after the observation window ends. For example, the specified threshold is 70%, the specified observation window is 5 minutes, and the specified time required to complete automatic scaling is 10 minutes. If the CPU utilization of a single node in the cluster exceeds 70% within the observation window, DAS automatically scales up the cluster. DAS automatically scales out or up the cluster based on the real-time read and write traffic. By default, if the read traffic exceeds the write traffic, DAS automatically adds read-only nodes to the cluster. Otherwise, DAS automatically upgrades the specifications of the cluster. If the workloads on the primary node of the cluster are high, DAS automatically upgrades the specifications of the cluster.

     • After you select Automatic Scale-down/in, if the CPU utilization of your database instance is lower than 30% for longer than 99% of a scale-down observation window, an automatic scale-down is triggered after the quiescent period ends. The specifications of the database instance are scaled down to the original specifications in small increments. The duration of a scale-down observation window equals the duration of an observation window plus 10 minutes. Read-only nodes that are added during a scale-up of the database instance are removed one by one during a scale-down of the database instance. The cluster that is upgraded during a scale-up is downgraded during a scale-down. For a PolarDB for MySQL Cluster Edition cluster, DAS upgrades or downgrades only the specifications of the entire cluster instead of those of a single node in the cluster.

     Parameter	Description
     CPU Utilization ≥	The threshold based on which an automatic scale-up is triggered. If the average CPU utilization is greater than or equal to the specified value, an automatic scale-up is triggered.
     Maximum Specifications	The maximum specifications to which the database instance can be upgraded. After an automatic scale-up is triggered, the system scales up your PolarDB for MySQL cluster to the maximum specifications in small increments. For example, the CPU specification can be upgraded from 4 cores to 8 cores, and then to 16 cores until the upper limit is reached.
     Max number of Read-Only nodes	The maximum number of read-only nodes that the cluster can contain. After an automatic scale-up is triggered, one or two read-only nodes are automatically added to the PolarDB for MySQL cluster based on your business requirements until the upper limit is reached. Note The nodes that are automatically added are associated with the default endpoint of your cluster. If you use a custom endpoint, you must specify whether these nodes are automatically associated with the endpoint by using the Automatically Associate New Nodes parameter. For more information about how to set the Automatically Associate New Nodes parameter, see Configure PolarProxy.
     Observation Window	If the average CPU utilization reaches or exceeds the specified threshold within the observation window, DAS automatically scales up the cluster after the observation window ends. This ensures that the cluster can handle all read and write requests. For example, if the duration of the observation window is 5 minutes and the time required to complete a scaling operation is 10 minutes, you must wait 15 minutes before you can check the scaling result. Important The duration of a scale-down observation window equals the duration of an observation window plus 10 minutes. For example, if you set the Observation Window parameter to 30 minutes, the scale-down observation window is 40 minutes.
     Quiescent Period	The minimum interval between two automatic scale-ups or two automatic scale-downs. During a quiescent period, DAS monitors the CPU utilization of the database instance, but does not trigger automatic scale-ups or scale-downs even if the specified conditions are met. If a quiescent period and an observation window end at the same time and the average CPU utilization within the observation window reaches the specified threshold, DAS automatically triggers a scale-up or scale-down.

8. Click OK.

Best practices

Troubleshoot high CPU utilization

FAQ

What do I do if the specifications of the instance have reached the upper limit?