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Object Storage Service:Limits and performance metrics of OSS

Last Updated:Feb 04, 2024

This topic describes the performance metrics and limits of Object Storage Service (OSS).

Bandwidth

The following table describes the maximum bandwidth of a single Alibaba Cloud account in different regions.

Region

Total download bandwidth for internal networks and the Internet

Internet download bandwidth

Total upload bandwidth for internal networks and the Internet

Internet upload bandwidth

China (Shanghai)

100 Gbit/s

10 Gbit/s

20 Gbit/s

10 Gbit/s

China (Shenzhen)

100 Gbit/s

10 Gbit/s

20 Gbit/s

10 Gbit/s

China (Beijing)

100 Gbit/s

10 Gbit/s

20 Gbit/s

10 Gbit/s

China (Hangzhou)

20 Gbit/s

No additional limits apply, but the Internet download bandwidth is limited to the total download bandwidth for internal networks and the Internet.

20 Gbit/s

No additional limits apply, but the Internet upload bandwidth is limited to the total upload bandwidth for internal networks and the Internet.

China (Zhangjiakou)

20 Gbit/s

No additional limits apply, but the Internet download bandwidth is limited to the total download bandwidth for internal networks and the Internet.

20 Gbit/s

No additional limits apply, but the Internet upload bandwidth is limited to the total upload bandwidth for internal networks and the Internet.

China (Nanjing - Local Region)

2 Gbit/s

No additional limits apply, but the Internet download bandwidth is limited to the total download bandwidth for internal networks and the Internet.

2 Gbit/s

No additional limits apply, but the Internet upload bandwidth is limited to the total upload bandwidth for internal networks and the Internet.

China (Fuzhou - Local Region)

2 Gbit/s

No additional limits apply, but the Internet download bandwidth is limited to the total download bandwidth for internal networks and the Internet.

2 Gbit/s

No additional limits apply, but the Internet upload bandwidth is limited to the total upload bandwidth for internal networks and the Internet.

China (Wuhan - Local Region)

2 Gbit/s

No additional limits apply, but the Internet download bandwidth is limited to the total download bandwidth for internal networks and the Internet.

2 Gbit/s

No additional limits apply, but the Internet upload bandwidth is limited to the total upload bandwidth for internal networks and the Internet.

South Korea (Seoul)

2 Gbit/s

No additional limits apply, but the Internet download bandwidth is limited to the total download bandwidth for internal networks and the Internet.

2 Gbit/s

No additional limits apply, but the Internet upload bandwidth is limited to the total upload bandwidth for internal networks and the Internet.

Thailand (Bangkok)

2 Gbit/s

No additional limits apply, but the Internet download bandwidth is limited to the total download bandwidth for internal networks and the Internet.

2 Gbit/s

No additional limits apply, but the Internet upload bandwidth is limited to the total upload bandwidth for internal networks and the Internet.

Other regions in the Chinese mainland

10 Gbit/s

No additional limits apply, but the Internet download bandwidth is limited to the total download bandwidth for internal networks and the Internet.

10 Gbit/s

No additional limits apply, but the Internet upload bandwidth is limited to the total upload bandwidth for internal networks and the Internet.

Other regions outside the Chinese mainland

5 Gbit/s

No additional limits apply, but the Internet download bandwidth is limited to the total download bandwidth for internal networks and the Internet.

5 Gbit/s

No additional limits apply, but the Internet upload bandwidth is limited to the total upload bandwidth for internal networks and the Internet.

If the maximum bandwidth is reached, new requests are throttled. When a request is throttled, the response to the request contains the x-oss-qos-delay-time: number header, in which number indicates the duration in milliseconds for which the request is throttled. For a throttled upload request, this header indicates the exact duration of throttling. For a throttled download request, this header indicates a throttling duration estimated based on the extent of throttling and the object size.

Note

If your business (for example, offline big data processing) requires a higher bandwidth limit, contact technical support.

Queries per second (QPS)

The total QPS for an Alibaba Cloud account is 10,000. The actual maximum QPS performance varies based on the read and write modes:

Read/write mode

QPS

Sequential read and write

2,000

Non-sequential read and write

10,000

If you upload a large number of objects and the names of the objects contain sequential prefixes such as timestamps and letters, multiple object indexes may be stored in a single partition. In this case, if you send a large number of requests to query these objects, latency is increased. We recommend that you do not name the objects with sequential prefixes if you want to upload a large number of objects. For more information about how to change sequential prefixes to random prefixes, see OSS performance and scalability best practices.

Note

If your business requires a higher QPS limit, contact technical support.

Buckets

  • Up to 100 buckets can be created in each region within an Alibaba Cloud account.

  • A bucket name must be globally unique in OSS. For more information, see Bucket naming conventions.

  • After a bucket is created, you cannot modify its name, region, or storage class.

  • OSS does not limit the capacity of a bucket.

Objects

  • The size of an object that you can upload

    When you use simple upload, form upload, or append upload to upload an object, the size of the object cannot exceed 5 GB. For more information, see Simple upload, Form upload, and Append upload.

    When you use multipart upload to upload an object, the size of the object cannot exceed 48.8 TB. For more information, see Multipart upload.

  • The size of an object that you can rename

    You can rename only objects whose sizes are less than or equal to 1 GB in the OSS console. If you want to rename objects whose sizes exceed 1 GB, we recommend that you use OSS SDKs or ossutil. For more information, see Rename objects.

  • The number of objects that you can delete

    You can delete up to 100 objects at a time in the OSS console or up to 1,000 objects at a time by using OSS SDKs. You can delete an unlimited number of objects at a time by using ossutil or ossbrowser.

    Warning

    Deleted objects cannot be recovered. Proceed with caution.

  • Overwrites of objects that have duplicate names

    By default, if you upload an object that has the same name as an existing object, the existing object is overwritten.

    Warning

    Overwritten objects cannot be recovered. We recommend that you exercise caution when you overwrite objects. To prevent objects from being accidentally overwritten, you can enable versioning for the bucket in which the objects are stored. You can also include the x-oss-forbid-overwrite header in upload requests and set the header to true.

Data restoration

If real-time access of Archive objects is not enabled and you want to access Archive, Cold Archive, or Deep Cold Archive objects, you must first restore the objects. A higher restoration priority indicates less restoration time and a higher data retrieval cost. For more information, see the OSS Billing Details section on the OSS product page.

Storage class

Restoration period

Total amount of retrieved data

Archive

1 minute

N/A

Cold Archive

  • Expedited: within 1 hour

  • Standard: 2 to 5 hours

  • Bulk: 5 to 12 hours

An average of 500 Cold Archive objects can be restored per second per region within an Alibaba Cloud account. The total amount of data retrieved based on the preceding priorities ranges from 100 TB to 120 TB per day.

Deep Cold Archive

  • Expedited: within 12 hours

  • Standard: within 48 hours

An average of 100 Deep Cold Archive objects can be restored per second per region within an Alibaba Cloud account. The total amount of data retrieved based on the preceding priorities ranges from 10 TB to 15 TB per day.

Note

If your business requires to retrieve more data, contact technical support.

Domain name mapping

  • For a domain name that is mapped to a bucket located in a region in the Chinese mainland, you must apply to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) for an ICP filing.

  • Up to 100 domain names can be mapped to a bucket. However, a domain name can be mapped to only one bucket.

  • OSS does not limit the number of domain-and-bucket mappings within an Alibaba Cloud account.

Lifecycle rules

  • You can configure up to 1,000 lifecycle rules for a bucket.

  • Completion time

    • For a lifecycle rule that does not contain tags, you can perform up to 1 billion lifecycle-related operations in 24 hours, including object deletion, storage class conversion, and the operation that can be performed on the expired parts. If you want to perform more than 1 billion lifecycle-related operations, the time period that is required to complete the operations may exceed 24 hours.
    • For a lifecycle rule that contains tags, you can perform up to 500 million lifecycle-related operations in 24 hours, including object deletion, storage class conversion, and the operation that can be performed on the expired parts. If you want to perform more than 500 million lifecycle-related operations, the time period that is required to complete the operations may exceed 24 hours.
    Note If versioning is enabled for the bucket, an operation performed on each version of the objects is recorded as an operation.

Back-to-origin rules

  • You can configure up to 20 back-to-origin rules for a bucket.

  • In regions in the Chinese mainland and the China (Hong Kong) region, the default QPS limit and the default bandwidth limit for mirroring-based back-to-origin requests are 2,000 and 2 Gbit/s, respectively. In regions outside China, the default QPS limit and the default bandwidth limit for mirroring-based back-to-origin requests are 1,000 and 1 Gbit/s, respectively.

Image processing

  • Limits on images

    • Source images

      • Only JPG, PNG, BMP, GIF, WebP, TIFF, HEIC, and AVIF images are supported.

      • A source image cannot be greater than 20 MB in size.

      • For the rotate operation, the height or width of a source image cannot exceed 4,096 pixels. For other operations, the width or height of a source image cannot exceed 30,000 pixels, and the total number of pixels of the source image cannot exceed 250 million.

        The total number of pixels of a dynamic image, such as a GIF image, is calculated by using the following formula: Width × Height × Number of image frames. The total number of pixels of a static image, such as a PNG image, is calculated by using the following formula: Width × Height.

    • Resized images

      The width or height of a resized image cannot exceed 16,384 pixels. The total pixel number of the resized image cannot exceed 16,777,216.

  • Limits on image styles

    You can create up to 50 image styles for a bucket.

    Note

    If your business requires more styles, contact technical support.

  • Limits on processing capabilities

    • Per-second processing throughput (by source image)

      • The maximum throughput of image processing is 20 MB/s for the following regions: China (Hangzhou), China (Shanghai), China (Beijing), China (Zhangjiakou), and China (Shenzhen).

      • The maximum throughput of image processing for other regions is 2 MB/s.

    • QPS

      • The QPS limit is 50 for the following regions: China (Hangzhou), China (Shanghai), China (Beijing), China (Zhangjiakou), and China (Shenzhen).

      • The QPS limit for other regions is 5.

    Note

    You may want to use a QPS that is beyond the preceding limits in compute intensive business applications, such as encoding WebP, AVIF, or HEIF images at a resolution higher than 1080p. To raise the limits, contact technical support.

Storage plans

  • Resource plans that you purchase for a specific region can be used to offset the fees for resource usage only in the region.

  • You cannot change the region of a purchased resource plan.

  • You can purchase only one storage plan for a given period of time. However, you can upgrade the storage plan that you purchased. For more information about how to upgrade a storage plan, see Overview.

  • You can purchase multiple transfer acceleration plans and back-to-origin traffic plans that have the same validity period to offset your fees. However, these plans cannot be upgraded or renewed.

  • You can purchase multiple outbound traffic plans that have the same validity period to offset your fees. These plans can be renewed but cannot be upgraded.

  • No resource plans are available to offset API operation calling fees, data processing fees, and cross-region replication (CRR) traffic fees. You are charged these fees on a pay-as-you-go basis. For more information, see API operation calling fees, Data processing fees, and Traffic fees.