Authorize users

Overview

After members are added to a project, the members can perform operations in the project only after the project owner or project administrators grant the required permissions to them.

MaxCompute provides various authorization methods, including access control list (ACL)-based or policy-based authorization, resource sharing across projects, and project data protection. Authorization involves three elements: subject, object, and action. We recommend that you use ACL-based authorization instead of policy-based authorization.

If you use ACL-based authorization, the subject can be a user or a role. The object can be a project or an object in a project, such as table, function, resource, or instance. The action varies based on the object type. You can authorize a subject only if a specific object exists. If the object is deleted, the granted permissions are automatically deleted.

Object types and actions that MaxCompute projects support

Authorization syntax in MaxCompute

grant <actions> on <object> to <subject>
revoke <actions> on <object> from <subject>
actions ::= action_item1, action_item2, ...
object ::= project project_name | table schema_name |
           instance inst_name | function func_name |
           resource res_name
subject ::= user full_username | role role_name

Examples

• ACL-based authorization
  alice@aliyun.com is a new member of the test_project_a project. Allen is a RAM user of bob@aliyun.com. An Alibaba Cloud account can execute the following statements to grant permissions, including the permissions to submit jobs, create data tables, and query existing objects in a project:

  -- Go to the test_project_a project.
  use test_project_a; 
  -- Add a member to the project.
  add user aliyun$alice@aliyun.com;
  -- Add a RAM user to the project. 
  add user ram$bob@aliyun.com:Allen; 
  -- Create a role named worker.
  create role worker; 
  -- Assign the worker role to the added members.
  grant worker TO aliyun$alice@aliyun.com; 
  grant worker TO ram$bob@aliyun.com:Allen;  
  -- Grant the CreateInstance, CreateResource, CreateFunction, CreateTable, and List permissions on all objects in the test_project_a project to the worker role.
  grant CreateInstance, CreateResource, CreateFunction, CreateTable, List ON PROJECT test_project_a TO ROLE worker;
  -- Grant all instance permissions to the worker role.
  grant all on instance instance_name to Role worker;

• Resource sharing across projects
  Alice and Allen with the granted permissions in the preceding example want to query data in the prj_b_test_table table of the test_project_b project. They also want to use the prj_b_test_udf function of the project. The project administrator of the test_project_b project can execute the following statements to grant the required permissions to Alice and Allen:

  -- Go to the test_project_b project.
  use test_project_b; 
  -- Add members to the project.
  add user aliyun$alice@aliyun.com; 
  add user ram$bob@aliyun.com:Allen; 
  -- Create the prj_a_worker role.
  create role prj_a_worker; 
  -- Assign the prj_a_worker role to the added members.
  grant prj_a_worker TO aliyun$alice@aliyun.com; 
  grant prj_a_worker TO ram$bob@aliyun.com:Alice;  
  -- Grant permissions to the prj_a_worker role.
  grant Describe , Select  ON TABLE prj_b_test_table TO ROLE prj_a_worker; 
  grant Read  ON Function prj_b_test_udf TO ROLE prj_a_worker; 
  grant Read  ON Resource prj_b_test_udf_resource TO ROLE prj_a_worker; 
  -- After authorization, the two members can execute the following statements in the test_project_a project to query the prj_b_test_table table and use the prj_b_test_udf function of the test_project_b project:
  use test_project_a;
  select test_project_b:prj_b_test_udf(arg0, arg1) as res from test_project_b.prj_b_test_table;

  To create a user-defined function (UDF) in the test_project_a project by using resources of the test_project_b project, the members can run the following command:

  create function function_name as 'com.aliyun.odps.compiler.udf.PlaybackJsonShrinkUdf' using 'test_project_b/resources/odps-compiler-playback.jar' -f;

• Access control at the column level
  ACL-based authorization supports access control at the column level. In the following example, a user with an Alibaba Cloud account creates a table named sale_detail. Then, the user grants the role worker the Describe and Select permissions on the shop_name and customer_id columns in the table.

  -- Go to the test_project_a project.
  use test_project_a;
  -- Create a partitioned table named sale_detail.
  create table if not exists sale_detail
  (
  shop_name     string,
  customer_id   string,
  total_price   double
  )
  partitioned by (sale_date string, region string);
  -- Authorize the role worker at the column level.
  grant Describe, Select on table sale_detail (shop_name, customer_id) to role worker;