HTTP代理配置实践 - 阿里云SDK

当您的应用程序因网络环境受限（例如内网部署、防火墙隔离）而无法正常调用OpenAPI时，可以通过代理服务器实现外部网络访问。阿里云SDK提供了完整的代理配置支持，能够灵活适配HTTP和HTTPS协议。通过设置代理服务器的地址、端口及认证参数，开发者能够实现OpenAPI请求的统一代理转发，从而成功调用OpenAPI。本文以使用Tengine配置代理为例，为您介绍在SDK中如何通过代理调用OpenAPI。

场景示例

例如，如果您的应用程序部署在内网，并且需要通过代理服务器实现对公网的访问，以下将通过VPC类型的ECS实例进行模拟：

ECS实例A：部署应用程序，无法直接访问公网，仅能通过VPC内网访问资源（私网IP：10.0.0.115）。
ECS实例B：作为代理服务器，可访问公网，并与ECS实例A同属一个VPC（私网IP：10.0.0.112）。

说明
若实例A和B不在同一VPC，可通过VPC对等连接或企业版转发路由器实现内网互通。

搭建代理服务器

本文选择Tengine作为代理服务器并在ECS实例B部署。

安装Tengine

下载并解压。

wget https://tengine.taobao.org/download/tengine-3.1.0.tar.gz
tar zxvf tengine-3.1.0.tar.gz

更新升级依赖库。

Alibaba Cloud Linux/CentOS

sudo yum update -y

Ubuntu/Debian

sudo apt-get update 
sudo apt-get upgrade -y

安装所需依赖。

Alibaba Cloud Linux/CentOS

sudo yum install pcre pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel zlib-devel -y
sudo yum groupinstall "Development Tools" -y

Ubuntu/Debian

sudo apt-get install libpcre3 libpcre3-dev zlib1g-dev openssl libssl-dev build-essential -y

编译安装。

cd tengine-3.1.0
./configure --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --add-module=./modules/ngx_http_proxy_connect_module
make && make install

启动Tengine。

通过以下命令查询Tengine可执行文件位置，例如Tengine可以执行文件位置为/root/tengine-3.1.0/objs/nginx。
```
find / -name nginx 2>/dev/null | grep tengine
```
运行Tengine可执行文件启动Tengine：
```
sudo /root/tengine-3.1.0/objs/nginx
```

验证是否启动成功。

# 查看是否存在Tengine进程
ps aux | grep nginx

配置HTTP(S)代理

执行以下命令编辑Tengine配置文件。

vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

在配置文件http模块中添加如下内容：

警告

以下仅作为参考，线上业务请根据具体的场景制定代理配置信息。

    # HTTPS proxy
    server {
        listen 8089;
        access_log  /var/log/host.access.log;
        access_log  "pipe:rollback /var/log/host.access_log interval=1d baknum=7 maxsize=2G";
        # dns resolver used by forward proxying
	# forward proxy for CONNECT request
        proxy_connect;
        proxy_connect_allow            443 563;
        proxy_connect_connect_timeout  10s;
        proxy_connect_read_timeout     10s;
        proxy_connect_send_timeout     10s;
        # forward proxy for non-CONNECT request
        location / {
            proxy_pass $scheme://$http_host$request_uri;
        }
    }
    # HTTP proxy
    server {
        listen 8088;
        location / {
            proxy_pass $scheme://$http_host$request_uri;
        }
    }

添加完成之后保存文件。

重新加载Tengine。

#关闭Tengine
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
#使配置生效
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#重新启动Tengine
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

使用SDK代理能力调用API

在ECS实例A中部署业务代码，以下示例代码仅供测试使用。

# pip install alibabacloud_ecs20140526
import os
from alibabacloud_ecs20140526.client import Client as EcsClient
from alibabacloud_ecs20140526.models import DescribeRegionsRequest
from alibabacloud_tea_openapi.models import Config
from alibabacloud_tea_util.models import RuntimeOptions
config = Config(
    access_key_id=os.environ.get('ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID'),
    access_key_secret=os.environ.get('ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET'),
    endpoint='ecs-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com',
    protocol='https', # 与代理类型保持一致，https对应HTTPS代理；http对应HTTP代理
)
ecs_client = EcsClient(config)
runtime_options = RuntimeOptions(
    # http_proxy='http://10.0.0.112:8088', # HTTP代理，代理服务器IP及端口
    https_proxy='http://10.0.0.112:8089'  # HTTPS代理，代理服务器IP及端口
)
request = DescribeRegionsRequest(
    accept_language='en-US',
)
response = ecs_client.describe_regions_with_options(request, runtime_options)
print(response.body)

调用结果如下：

{'headers': {'server': 'nginx/1.24.0 (Ubuntu)', 'date': 'Mon, 26 May 2025 10:04:19 GMT', 'content-type': 'application/json;charset=utf-8', 'transfer-encoding': 'chunked', 'connection': 'keep-alive', 'vary': 'Accept-Encoding, Accept-Encoding', 'access-control-allow-origin': '*', 'access-control-expose-headers': '*', 'x-acs-request-id': '39B6068B-E4F3-5FC4-3817-ED3D62BAEFCA', 'x-acs-trace-id': 'aa08b2d7a0f35d1f054164675f23cc98', 'statusCode': 200, 'body': {'Regions': {'Region': [{'LocalName': 'China (Qingdao)', 'RegionEndpoint': 'ecs.cn-qingdao.aliyuncs.com', 'RegionId': 'cn-qingdao'}, {'LocalName': 'China (Beijing)', 'RegionEndpoint': 'ecs.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com', 'RegionId': 'cn-beijing'}, {'LocalName': 'China (Zhangjiakou)', 'RegionEndpoint': 'ecs.cn-zhangjiakou.aliyuncs.com', 'RegionId': 'cn-zhangjiakou'}, {'LocalName': 'China (Hohhot)', 'RegionEndpoint': 'ecs.cn-huhehaote.aliyuncs.com', 'RegionId': 'cn-huhehaote'}, {'LocalName': 'China (Ulanqab)', 'RegionEndpoint': 'ecs.cn-wulanchabu.aliyuncs.com', 'RegionId': 'cn-wulanchabu'}, {'LocalName': 'China (Hangzhou)', 'RegionEndpoint': 'ecs.aliyuncs.com', 'RegionId': 'cn-hangzhou'}, {'LocalName': 'China (Shanghai)', 'RegionEndpoint': 'ecs.cn-shanghai.aliyuncs.com', 'RegionId': 'cn-shanghai'}, {'LocalName': 'China (Nanjing - Local Region)', 'RegionEndpoint': 'ecs.cn-nanjing.aliyuncs.com', 'RegionId': 'cn-nanjing'}, {'LocalName': 'China (Shenzhen)', 'RegionEndpoint': 'ecs.cn-shenzhen.aliyuncs.com', 'RegionId': 'cn-shenzhen'}, {'LocalName': 'China (Heyuan)', 'RegionEndpoint': 'ecs.cn-heyuan.aliyuncs.com', 'RegionId': 'cn-heyuan'}, {'LocalName': 'China (Guangzhou)', 'RegionEndpoint': 'ecs.cn-guangzhou.aliyuncs.com', 'RegionId': 'cn-guangzhou'}, {'LocalName': 'China (Fuzhou – Local Region)', 'RegionEndpoint': 'ecs.cn-fuzhou.aliyuncs.com', 'RegionId': 'cn-fuzhou'}, {'LocalName': 'China (Wuhan – Local Region)', 'RegionEndpoint': 'ecs.cn-wuhan-lr.aliyuncs.com', 'RegionId': 'cn-wuhan-lr'}, {'LocalName': 'China (Chengdu)', 'RegionEndpoint': 'ecs.cn-chengdu.aliyuncs.com', 'RegionId': 'cn-chengdu'}, {'LocalName': 'China (Hong Kong)', 'RegionEndpoint': 'ecs.cn-hongkong.aliyuncs.com', 'RegionId': 'cn-hongkong'}, {'LocalName': 'Japan (Tokyo)', 'RegionEndpoint': 'ecs.ap-northeast-1.aliyuncs.com', 'RegionId': 'ap-northeast-1'}, {'LocalName': 'South Korea (Seoul)', 'RegionEndpoint': 'ecs.ap-northeast-2.aliyuncs.com', 'RegionId': 'ap-northeast-2'}, {'LocalName': 'Singapore', 'RegionEndpoint': 'ecs.ap-southeast-1.aliyuncs.com', 'RegionId': 'ap-southeast-1'}, {'LocalName': 'Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur)', 'RegionEndpoint': 'ecs.ap-southeast-3.aliyuncs.com', 'RegionId': 'ap-southeast-3'}, {'LocalName': 'Philippines (Manila)', 'RegionEndpoint': 'ecs.ap-southeast-6.aliyuncs.com', 'RegionId': 'ap-southeast-6'}, {'LocalName': 'Indonesia (Jakarta)', 'RegionEndpoint': 'ecs.ap-southeast-5.aliyuncs.com', 'RegionId': 'ap-southeast-5'}, {'LocalName': 'Thailand (Bangkok)', 'RegionEndpoint': 'ecs.ap-southeast-7.aliyuncs.com', 'RegionId': 'ap-southeast-7'}, {'LocalName': 'US (Virginia)', 'RegionEndpoint': 'ecs.us-east-1.aliyuncs.com', 'RegionId': 'us-east-1'}, {'LocalName': 'US (Silicon Valley)', 'RegionEndpoint': 'ecs.us-west-1.aliyuncs.com', 'RegionId': 'us-west-1'}, {'LocalName': 'Mexico', 'RegionEndpoint': 'ecs.na-south-1.aliyuncs.com', 'RegionId': 'na-south-1'}, {'LocalName': 'UK (London)', 'RegionEndpoint': 'ecs.eu-west-1.aliyuncs.com', 'RegionId': 'eu-west-1'}, {'LocalName': 'UAE (Dubai)', 'RegionEndpoint': 'ecs.me-east-1.aliyuncs.com', 'RegionId': 'me-east-1'}, {'LocalName': 'Germany (Frankfurt)', 'RegionEndpoint': 'ecs.eu-central-1.aliyuncs.com', 'RegionId': 'eu-central-1'}]}, 'RequestId': 'F90A5B33-FE86-55EF-B453-052AD7B0440F'}}}