云原生数据仓库AnalyticDB MySQL版：CREATE TABLE

语法

CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] table_name
  ({column_name column_type [column_attributes] [ column_constraints ] [COMMENT 'string']
  | table_constraints}
   [, ... ]  )
   table_attribute
   [partition_options]
   [storage_policy]
   [block_size]
   [engine]
   [rt_engine]
   [table_properties]
[AS] query_expression
   COMMENT 'string'

column_attributes:
   [DEFAULT default_expr]
   [AUTO_INCREMENT]

column_constraints:
   [{NOT NULL|NULL} ]
   [PRIMARY KEY]

table_constraints:
   [{INDEX|KEY} [index_name] (column_name,...)]
   [PRIMARY KEY [index_name] (column_name,...)]
   [CLUSTERED KEY [index_name] (column_name,...)]
   [[CONSTRAINT [symbol]] FOREIGN KEY  (fk_col_name) REFERENCES tbl_name (pk_col_name)]

table_attribute:
   DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(column_name,...) | DISTRIBUTED BY BROADCAST

partition_options:
  PARTITION BY 
        {VALUE(column_name) | VALUE(date_format(column_name, ?))}
  LIFECYCLE N

storage_policy:
  STORAGE_POLICY= 'HOT'|'COLD'|'MIXED' [hot_partition_count=N]

block_size:
  BLOCK_SIZE= VALUE

engine:
  ENGINE= 'XUANWU'

rt_engine：
  RT_ENGINE= 'COLUMNSTORE'

table_properties:
  TABLE_PROPERTIES = '{"format":"columnstore"}'

参数

SELECT shard_name, table_name, partition_id, row_count
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEPLER_CSTORE_PARTITION_XIHE_MERGED
WHERE table_name like upper("%中文字符改成表名%")
ORDER BY row_count DESC;

注意事项

• 创建表时，AnalyticDB MySQL版集群默认编码格式为utf-8，相当于MySQL中的utf8mb4编码，暂不支持其他编码格式。

• AnalyticDB MySQL版不支持unsigned约束。

• 目前AnalyticDB MySQL版集群支持创建的最大表数量如下。

  • 每个预留模式集群（具备1～20个节点组）中表数量的最大值：80000/(Shard个数/节点组数)张。

  • 每个弹性模式集群中内表数量的最大值：[80000/(Shard个数/EIU个数)]*2张。

  • 每个弹性模式集群中外表数量的最大值：50万张。

  说明

  • 执行SQL语句查询Shard个数：SELECT count(1) FROM information_schema.kepler_meta_shards;。

  • 公式中的Shard个数/节点组数和Shard个数/EIU个数向上取整。

  • 扩容节点组数量可以增加预留模式集群表数量的最大值，扩容节点组请参见数仓版扩缩容与跨规格变配。

  • 扩容EIU数量可以增加弹性集群内表数量的最大值，扩容EIU请参见弹性IO资源（EIU）扩容。

示例

• 新建普通表test，id为自增列，分布键为id，按照id值进行HASH分区。

  CREATE TABLE test (
         id bigint auto_increment,
         name varchar,
         value int,
         ts timestamp
  )
  DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(id);

• 新建普通表customer， customer_id为分布键，login_time为分区键，并按login_time排序，数据保存天数为30天，则第31天写入数据后，系统会自动删除第1天写入的数据，login_time、customer_id、phone_num为组合主键。

  CREATE TABLE customer (
  customer_id bigint NOT NULL COMMENT '顾客ID',
  customer_name varchar NOT NULL COMMENT '顾客姓名',
  phone_num bigint NOT NULL COMMENT '电话',
  city_name varchar NOT NULL COMMENT '所属城市',
  sex int NOT NULL COMMENT '性别',
  id_number varchar NOT NULL COMMENT '身份证号码',
  home_address varchar NOT NULL COMMENT '家庭住址',
  office_address varchar NOT NULL COMMENT '办公地址',
  age int NOT NULL COMMENT '年龄',
  login_time timestamp NOT NULL COMMENT '登录时间',
  PRIMARY KEY (login_time,customer_id，phone_num)
   )
  DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(customer_id)
  PARTITION BY VALUE(DATE_FORMAT(login_time, '%Y%m%d')) LIFECYCLE 30
  COMMENT '客户信息表';                   

• 新增一个名为store_returns的表，通过使用外键语法FOREIGN KEY将sr_item_sk列和customer表的主键列customer_id关联起来。

  CREATE TABLE store_returns
  (
    sr_sale_id bigint,
    sr_store_sk bigint,
    sr_item_sk bigint NOT NULL,
    FOREIGN KEY (sr_item_sk) REFERENCES item (customer_id)
  );

MySQL语法兼容性说明

AnalyticDB MySQL版标准建表语法中必须包含DISTRIBUTED BY ...，而MySQL建表语法中没有DISTRIBUTED BY ...。AnalyticDB MySQL版默认兼容MySQL建表语法，您可以根据实际情况通过以下两种方式处理DISTRIBUTED BY ...不兼容问题。

• 如果MySQL表含有主键，AnalyticDB MySQL版默认将主键作为DISTRIBUTED BY COLUMN。

  CREATE TABLE t (c1 bigint, c2 int, c3 varchar, PRIMARY KEY(c1,c2));

  SHOW CREATE TABLE t;

  +-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  | Table | Create Table                                                              |
  +-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  | t     | Create Table `t` (
   `c1` bigint,
   `c2` int,
   `c3` varchar,
   primary key (c1,c2)
  ) DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(`c1`,`c2`) INDEX_ALL='Y' |
  +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  1 row in set (0.04 sec)

• 如果MySQL表不含主键，AnalyticDB MySQL版将添加一个__adb_auto_id__字段作为主键和DISTRIBUTED BY COLUMN。

  CREATE TABLE t (c1 bigint, c2 int, c3 varchar);

  SHOW CREATE TABLE t;

  +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  | Table | Create Table                                                                                 |
  +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  | t     | Create Table `t` (
   `c1` bigint,
   `c2` int,
   `c3` varchar,
   `__adb_auto_id__` bigint AUTO_INCREMENT,
   primary key (__adb_auto_id__)
  ) DISTRIBUTED BY HASH(`__adb_auto_id__`) INDEX_ALL='Y' |
  +-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
  1 row in set (0.04 sec)

创建表时指定冷热数据存储策略

语法

CREATE TABLE [IF NOT EXISTS] table_name
  ({column_name column_type [column_attributes] [ column_constraints ] [COMMENT 'string']
  | table_constraints}
   [, ... ]  )
   table_attribute
   [partition_options]
   [storage_policy]
   [AS] query_expression
   COMMENT 'string'
   
storage_policy:
   STORAGE_POLICY= 'HOT'|'COLD'|'MIXED' [hot_partition_count=N]

示例

• 创建表时指定冷（COLD）存储策略

  CREATE TABLE test_table (
   L_ORDERKEY bigint NOT NULL,
   L_LINENUMBER int NOT NULL,
   L_SHIPDATE date NOT NULL,
   dummy varchar,
   primary key (l_orderkey,l_linenumber,l_shipdate)
  ) DISTRIBUTE BY HASH(l_orderkey) 
  PARTITION BY VALUE(date_format(l_shipdate, '%Y%m')) LIFECYCLE 200 INDEX_ALL='Y' 
  STORAGE_POLICY='COLD';

• 创建表时指定热（HOT）存储策略

  CREATE TABLE test_table (
   L_ORDERKEY bigint NOT NULL,
   L_LINENUMBER int NOT NULL,
   L_SHIPDATE date NOT NULL,
   dummy varchar,
   primary key (l_orderkey,l_linenumber,l_shipdate)
  ) DISTRIBUTE BY HASH(l_orderkey) 
  PARTITION BY VALUE(date_format(l_shipdate, '%Y%m')) LIFECYCLE 200 INDEX_ALL='Y' 
  STORAGE_POLICY='HOT';

• 创建表时指定混合（MIXED）存储策略，同时指定热分区数量为16个

  CREATE TABLE test_table (
   L_ORDERKEY bigint NOT NULL,
   L_LINENUMBER int NOT NULL,
   L_SHIPDATE date NOT NULL,
   dummy varchar,
   primary key (l_orderkey,l_linenumber,l_shipdate)
  ) DISTRIBUTE BY HASH(l_orderkey) 
  PARTITION BY VALUE(date_format(l_shipdate, '%Y%m')) LIFECYCLE 200 INDEX_ALL='Y' 
  STORAGE_POLICY='MIXED' HOT_PARTITION_COUNT=16;

创建向量索引表

创建向量索引表的语法、参数说明以及示例，请参见创建向量索引。