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    PolarDB：效能指標

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    PolarDB：效能指標

    更新時間：Sep 17, 2025

    列存索引對複雜SQL查詢操作有明顯的加速，查詢效能對比行存引擎可提升50倍以上。本文以TPC-H測試的資料表和SQL為例，體驗列存索引優勢。

    說明

    本文的TPC-H的實現基於TPC-H的基準測試，並不能與發行的TPC-H基準測試結果相比較，本文中的測試並不完全符合TPC-H的所有要求。

    測試說明

    TPC-H作為業界常用效能標準測試，由TPC委員會制定發布，用於評測資料庫的分析能力。本次列存索引查詢基礎資料包含8張資料表，進行22條複雜的SQL查詢，查詢語句包含單表統計、多表 Join、子查詢、彙總、排序等。

    • 測試資料量：100 GB。

    • 測試環境：

      • ECS：

        • 執行個體規格：16核32 GB（ecs.c5.4xlarge），掛載磁碟空間需大於150 GB。

        • 執行個體鏡像：Alibaba Cloud Linux 3.2104 LTS 64位。

      • PolarDB PostgreSQL版叢集：

        • 資料庫引擎：PostgreSQL 14，且核心小版本14.10.20.0及以上。

        • 產品版本：企業版。

        • 子系列：獨享規格。

        • 規格：32核256 GB。

      說明

      ECS執行個體和PolarDB叢集需保證在同一個VPC中。

    資料準備

    1. 在PolarDB PostgreSQL版叢集上建立高許可權帳號和建立測試資料庫tpchdb。

    2. 登入ECS執行個體，準備測試資料。

      1. 下載TPCH工具dbgen.tar.gz，將其上傳至ECS執行個體，並解壓與編譯。

        ---解壓
tar -zxvf dbgen.tar.gz
---編譯
cd ./dbgen
make -f makefile.suite

      2. 使用TPCH工具產生100 GB測試資料，預計執行時間約30分鐘。

        ---切換到dbgen目錄
./dbgen -s 100 -f

    3. 在ECS執行個體上，使用PolarDB提供資料庫連接工具（PolarDB-Tools），串連您的叢集，並將測試資料匯入測試資料庫tpchdb。

      1. 確認您在dbgen目錄下，理想情況下應返回 /<安裝路徑>/dbgen。

        --- 確認所在目錄
pwd

      2. 使用PolarDB-Tools，通過命令列串連叢集。

        /u01/polardb_pg_tools/bin/psql  -h <叢集地址> -p <叢集地址對應連接埠> -U <高許可權帳號> -d tpchdb

      3. 匯入測試資料。

        \i ./dss.ddl
\copy part from ./part.tbl with delimiter as '|' NULL '';
\copy region from ./region.tbl with delimiter as '|' NULL '';
\copy nation from ./nation.tbl with delimiter as '|' NULL '';
\copy orders from ./orders.tbl with delimiter as '|' NULL '';
\copy customer from ./customer.tbl with delimiter as '|' NULL '';
\copy lineitem from ./lineitem.tbl with delimiter as '|' NULL '';
\copy partsupp from ./partsupp.tbl with delimiter as '|' NULL '';
\copy supplier from ./supplier.tbl with delimiter as '|' NULL '';

    開啟並建立列存索引

    1. 根據您的PolarDB PostgreSQL版叢集版本，開啟列存索引功能。

    2. 為測試表建立列存索引。

      --partsupp表
ALTER TABLE PARTSUPP ADD CONSTRAINT partsupp_pkey PRIMARY KEY (PS_PARTKEY, PS_SUPPKEY);
CREATE INDEX imps ON partsupp USING csi(ps_partkey, ps_suppkey, ps_availqty, ps_supplycost, ps_comment);

--part表
ALTER TABLE PART ADD CONSTRAINT part_kpey PRIMARY KEY (P_PARTKEY);
CREATE INDEX im_p ON part USING csi(p_partkey, p_name, p_mfgr, p_brand, p_type, p_size, p_container, p_retailprice, p_comment);

--supplier表
ALTER TABLE SUPPLIER ADD CONSTRAINT supplier_pkey PRIMARY KEY (S_SUPPKEY);
CREATE INDEX im_s ON supplier USING csi(s_suppkey, s_name, s_address, s_nationkey, s_phone, s_acctbal, s_comment);

--customer表
ALTER TABLE CUSTOMER ADD CONSTRAINT customer_pkey PRIMARY KEY (C_CUSTKEY);
CREATE INDEX im_c ON customer USING csi(c_custkey, c_name, c_address, c_nationkey, c_phone, c_acctbal, c_mktsegment, c_comment);

--orders表
ALTER TABLE ORDERS ADD CONSTRAINT orders_pkey PRIMARY KEY (O_ORDERKEY);
CREATE INDEX im_o ON orders USING csi(o_orderkey, o_custkey, o_orderstatus, o_totalprice, o_orderdate, o_orderpriority, o_clerk, o_shippriority, o_comment);

--lineitem表
ALTER TABLE LINEITEM ADD CONSTRAINT lineitem_pkey PRIMARY KEY (L_ORDERKEY, L_LINENUMBER);
CREATE INDEX im_l ON lineitem USING csi(l_orderkey, l_partkey, l_suppkey, l_linenumber, l_quantity, l_extendedprice, l_discount, l_tax, l_returnflag, l_linestatus, l_shipdate, l_commitdate, l_receiptdate, l_shipinstruct, l_shipmode, l_comment);

--nation表
ALTER TABLE NATION ADD CONSTRAINT nation_pkey PRIMARY KEY (N_NATIONKEY);
CREATE INDEX im_n ON nation USING csi(n_nationkey, n_name, n_regionkey, n_comment);

--region表
ALTER TABLE REGION ADD CONSTRAINT region_pkey PRIMARY KEY (R_REGIONKEY);
CREATE INDEX im_r ON region USING csi(r_regionkey, r_name, r_comment);

    3. 設定列存索引相關參數，便於後續查詢。詳細參數介紹請參見參數說明。

      SET polar_csi.enable_pk TO ON;
SET polar_csi.enable_query TO ON;
SET polar_csi.exec_parallel TO 32;
SET polar_csi.cost_threshold TO 0;
SET polar_csi.memory_limit TO 65536;

    執行SQL查詢

    在您的PolarDB PostgreSQL版叢集內，執行22條複雜的SQL查詢並統計耗時。

    1. 您可使用\timing來統計SQL語句總計執行時間。

      \timing

    2. 請依次執行下述SQL。

      查詢語句

      SQL

      Q1

      EXPLAIN ANALYZE 
SELECT
    l_returnflag,
    l_linestatus,
    sum(l_quantity) as sum_qty,
    sum(l_extendedprice) as sum_base_price,
    sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)) as sum_disc_price,
    sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount) * (1 + l_tax)) as sum_charge,
    avg(l_quantity) as avg_qty,
    avg(l_extendedprice) as avg_price,
    avg(l_discount) as avg_disc,
    count(*) as count_order
FROM
    lineitem
WHERE l_shipdate <= date '1998-12-01' - '60 day'::interval
GROUP BY
    l_returnflag,
    l_linestatus
ORDER BY
    l_returnflag,
    l_linestatus;

      Q2

      EXPLAIN ANALYZE 
SELECT
    s_acctbal,
    s_name,
    n_name,
    p_partkey,
    p_mfgr,
    s_address,
    s_phone,
    s_comment
FROM
    part,
    supplier,
    partsupp,
    nation,
    region
WHERE
    p_partkey = ps_partkey
    and s_suppkey = ps_suppkey
    and p_size = 43
    and p_type like '%NICKEL'
    and s_nationkey = n_nationkey
    and n_regionkey = r_regionkey
    and r_name = 'MIDDLE EAST'
    and ps_supplycost = (
    SELECT
    min(ps_supplycost)
    FROM
    partsupp,
    supplier,
    nation,
    region
    WHERE
    p_partkey = ps_partkey
    and s_suppkey = ps_suppkey
    and s_nationkey = n_nationkey
    and n_regionkey = r_regionkey
    and r_name = 'MIDDLE EAST'
    )
ORDER BY
    s_acctbal desc,
    n_name,
    s_name,
    p_partkey limit 100;

      Q3

      EXPLAIN ANALYZE 
SELECT
    l_orderkey,
    sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)) as revenue,
    o_orderdate,
    o_shippriority
FROM
    customer,
    orders,
    lineitem
WHERE
    c_mktsegment = 'FURNITURE'
    and c_custkey = o_custkey
    and l_orderkey = o_orderkey
    and o_orderdate < date '1995-03-05'
    and l_shipdate > date '1995-03-05'
GROUP BY
    l_orderkey,
    o_orderdate,
    o_shippriority
ORDER BY
    revenue desc,
    o_orderdate limit 100;

      Q4

      EXPLAIN ANALYZE 
SELECT
    o_orderpriority,
    count(*) as order_count
FROM
    orders
WHERE
    o_orderdate >= date '1993-05-01'
    and o_orderdate < date '1993-05-01' + interval '3 month'::interval
    and exists (
    SELECT
    *
    FROM
    lineitem
    WHERE
    l_orderkey = o_orderkey
    and l_commitdate < l_receiptdate
    )
GROUP BY 
    o_orderpriority
ORDER BY
    o_orderpriority;

      Q5

      EXPLAIN ANALYZE 
SELECT
        n_name,
        sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)) as revenue
FROM
        customer,
        orders,
        lineitem,
        supplier,
        nation,
        region
WHERE
        c_custkey = o_custkey
        and l_orderkey = o_orderkey
        and l_suppkey = s_suppkey
        and c_nationkey = s_nationkey
        and s_nationkey = n_nationkey
        and n_regionkey = r_regionkey
        and r_name = 'MIDDLE EAST'
        and o_orderdate >= date '1995-01-01'
        and o_orderdate < date '1995-01-01' + '1 year'::interval
GROUP BY
        n_name
ORDER BY
        revenue desc;

      Q6

      EXPLAIN ANALYZE 
SELECT
        sum(l_extendedprice * l_discount) as revenue
FROM
        lineitem
WHERE
        l_shipdate >= date '1993-01-01'
        and l_shipdate < date '1993-01-01' + '1 year'::interval
        and l_discount between 0.03 - 0.01 and 0.03 + 0.01
        and l_quantity < 24;

      Q7

      EXPLAIN ANALYZE  
SELECT
    supp_nation,
    cust_nation,
    l_year,
    sum(volume) AS revenue
FROM (
    SELECT
        n1.n_name AS supp_nation,
        n2.n_name AS cust_nation,
        extract(year FROM l_shipdate) AS l_year,
        l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount) AS volume
    FROM
        supplier,
        lineitem,
        orders,
        customer,
        nation n1,
        nation n2
    WHERE
        s_suppkey = l_suppkey
        AND o_orderkey = l_orderkey
        AND c_custkey = o_custkey
        AND s_nationkey = n1.n_nationkey
        AND c_nationkey = n2.n_nationkey
        AND ((n1.n_name = 'FRANCE'
                AND n2.n_name = 'GERMANY')
            OR (n1.n_name = 'GERMANY'
                AND n2.n_name = 'FRANCE'))
        AND l_shipdate BETWEEN CAST('1995-01-01' AS date)
        AND CAST('1996-12-31' AS date)) AS shipping
GROUP BY
    supp_nation,
    cust_nation,
    l_year
ORDER BY
    supp_nation,
    cust_nation,
    l_year;

      Q8

      EXPLAIN ANALYZE 
SELECT
        o_year,
        sum(case
                when nation = 'INDONESIA' then volume
                else 0
        end) / sum(volume) as mkt_share
FROM
        (
                SELECT
                        extract(year from o_orderdate) as o_year,
                        l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount) as volume,
                        n2.n_name as nation
                FROM
                        part,
                        supplier,
                        lineitem,
                        orders,
                        customer,
                        nation n1,
                        nation n2,
                        region
                WHERE
                        p_partkey = l_partkey
                        and s_suppkey = l_suppkey
                        and l_orderkey = o_orderkey
                        and o_custkey = c_custkey
                        and c_nationkey = n1.n_nationkey
                        and n1.n_regionkey = r_regionkey
                        and r_name = 'ASIA'
                        and s_nationkey = n2.n_nationkey
                        and o_orderdate between '1995-01-01'::date and '1996-12-31'::date
                        and p_type = 'PROMO POLISHED NICKEL'
        ) as all_nations
GROUP BY
        o_year
ORDER BY
        o_year;

      Q9

      EXPLAIN ANALYZE 
SELECT
        nation,
        o_year,
        sum(amount) as sum_profit
FROM
        (
                SELECT
                        n_name as nation,
                        extract(year from o_orderdate) as o_year,
                        l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount) - ps_supplycost * l_quantity as amount
                FROM
                        part,
                        supplier,
                        lineitem,
                        partsupp,
                        orders,
                        nation
                WHERE
                        s_suppkey = l_suppkey
                        and ps_suppkey = l_suppkey
                        and ps_partkey = l_partkey
                        and p_partkey = l_partkey
                        and o_orderkey = l_orderkey
                        and s_nationkey = n_nationkey
                        and p_name like '%navajo%'
        ) as profit
GROUP BY
        nation,
        o_year
ORDER BY
        nation,
        o_year desc limit 100;

      Q10

      EXPLAIN ANALYZE 
SELECT
        c_custkey,
        c_name,
        sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)) as revenue,
        c_acctbal,
        n_name,
        c_address,
        c_phone,
        c_comment
FROM
        customer,
        orders,
        lineitem,
        nation
WHERE
        c_custkey = o_custkey
        and l_orderkey = o_orderkey
        and o_orderdate >= date '1993-08-01'
        and o_orderdate < date '1993-08-01' + '3 month'::interval
        and l_returnflag = 'R'
        and c_nationkey = n_nationkey
GROUP BY
        c_custkey,
        c_name,
        c_acctbal,
        c_phone,
        n_name,
        c_address,
        c_comment
ORDER BY
        revenue desc
        LIMIT 20;

      Q11

      EXPLAIN ANALYZE 
SELECT
        ps_partkey,
        sum(ps_supplycost * ps_availqty) as value
FROM
        partsupp,
        supplier,
        nation
WHERE
        ps_suppkey = s_suppkey
        and s_nationkey = n_nationkey
        and n_name = 'ALGERIA'
GROUP BY
        ps_partkey having
                sum(ps_supplycost * ps_availqty) > (
                        SELECT
                                sum(ps_supplycost * ps_availqty) * 0.0001000000
                        FROM
                                partsupp,
                                supplier,
                                nation
                        WHERE
                                ps_suppkey = s_suppkey
                                and s_nationkey = n_nationkey
                                and n_name = 'ALGERIA'
                )
ORDER BY
        value desc;

      Q12

      EXPLAIN ANALYZE 
SELECT
        l_shipmode,
        sum(case
                when o_orderpriority = '1-URGENT'
                        or o_orderpriority = '2-HIGH'
                        then 1
                else 0
        end) as high_line_count,
        sum(case
                when o_orderpriority <> '1-URGENT'
                        and o_orderpriority <> '2-HIGH'
                        then 1
                else 0
        end) as low_line_count
FROM
        orders,
        lineitem
WHERE
        o_orderkey = l_orderkey
        and l_shipmode in ('AIR', 'FOB')
        and l_commitdate < l_receiptdate
        and l_shipdate < l_commitdate
        and l_receiptdate >= date '1996-01-01'
        and l_receiptdate < date '1996-01-01' + '1 year'::interval
GROUP BY
        l_shipmode
ORDER BY
        l_shipmode;

      Q13

      EXPLAIN ANALYZE 
SELECT
        c_count,
        count(*) as custdist
FROM
        (
                SELECT
                        c_custkey,
                        count(o_orderkey)
                FROM
                        customer left outer join orders on
                                c_custkey = o_custkey
                                and o_comment not like '%pending%requests%'
                GROUP BY
                        c_custkey
        ) as c_orders (c_custkey, c_count)
GROUP BY
        c_count
ORDER BY
        custdist desc,
        c_count desc;

      Q14

      EXPLAIN ANALYZE 
SELECT
        100.00 * sum(case
                when p_type like 'PROMO%'
                        then l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)
                else 0
        end) / sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)) as promo_revenue
FROM
        lineitem,
        part
WHERE
        l_partkey = p_partkey
        and l_shipdate >= date '1995-02-01'
        and l_shipdate < date '1995-02-01' + interval '1 month'::interval;

      Q15

      EXPLAIN ANALYZE 
WITH revenue0 as (
    SELECT
    l_suppkey as supplier_no,
    sum(l_extendedprice * (1 - l_discount)) as total_revenue
    FROM
    lineitem
    WHERE
    l_shipdate >= date '1995-08-01'
    and l_shipdate < date '1995-08-01' + '3 month'::interval
    GROUP BY
    l_suppkey)
SELECT
    s_suppkey,
    s_name,
    s_address,
    s_phone,
    total_revenue
FROM
    supplier,
    revenue0
WHERE
    s_suppkey = supplier_no
    and total_revenue = (
    SELECT
    max(total_revenue)
    FROM
    revenue0
    )
ORDER BY
    s_suppkey;

      Q16

      EXPLAIN ANALYZE 
SELECT
        p_brand,
        p_type,
        p_size,
        count(distinct ps_suppkey) as supplier_cnt
FROM
        partsupp,
        part
WHERE
        p_partkey = ps_partkey
        and p_brand <> 'Brand#13'
        and p_type not like 'ECONOMY BRUSHED%'
        and p_size in (11, 8, 10, 31, 21, 13, 32, 28)
        and ps_suppkey not in (
                SELECT
                        s_suppkey
                FROM
                        supplier
                WHERE
                        s_comment like '%Customer%Complaints%'
        )
GROUP BY
        p_brand,
        p_type,
        p_size
ORDER BY
        supplier_cnt desc,
        p_brand,
        p_type,
        p_size limit 100;

      Q17

      EXPLAIN ANALYZE 
SELECT
        sum(l_extendedprice) / 7.0 as avg_yearly
FROM
        lineitem,
        part
where
        p_partkey = l_partkey
        and p_brand = 'Brand#44'
        and p_container = 'MED PKG'
        and l_quantity < (
                SELECT
                        0.2 * avg(l_quantity)
                FROM
                        lineitem
                WHERE
                        l_partkey = p_partkey
        );

      Q18

      EXPLAIN ANALYZE 
SELECT
        c_name,
        c_custkey,
        o_orderkey,
        o_orderdate,
        o_totalprice,
        sum(l_quantity)
FROM
        customer,
        orders,
        lineitem
WHERE
        o_orderkey in (
                SELECT
                        l_orderkey
                FROM
                        lineitem
                GROUP BY
                        l_orderkey having
                                sum(l_quantity) > 313
        )
        and c_custkey = o_custkey
        and o_orderkey = l_orderkey
GROUP BY
        c_name,
        c_custkey,
        o_orderkey,
        o_orderdate,
        o_totalprice
ORDER BY
        o_totalprice desc,
        o_orderdate limit 100;
--LIMIT 100

      Q19

      EXPLAIN ANALYZE 
SELECT
        sum(l_extendedprice* (1 - l_discount)) as revenue
FROM
        lineitem,
        part
WHERE
        (
                p_partkey = l_partkey
                and p_brand = 'Brand#15'
                and p_container in ('SM CASE', 'SM BOX', 'SM PACK', 'SM PKG')
                and l_quantity >= 10 and l_quantity <= 10 + 10
                and p_size between 1 and 5
                and l_shipmode in ('AIR', 'AIR REG')
                and l_shipinstruct = 'DELIVER IN PERSON'
        )
        or
        (
                p_partkey = l_partkey
                and p_brand = 'Brand#45'
                and p_container in ('MED BAG', 'MED BOX', 'MED PKG', 'MED PACK')
                and l_quantity >= 18 and l_quantity <= 18 + 10
                and p_size between 1 and 10
                and l_shipmode in ('AIR', 'AIR REG')
                and l_shipinstruct = 'DELIVER IN PERSON'
        )
        or
        (
                p_partkey = l_partkey
                and p_brand = 'Brand#21'
                and p_container in ('LG CASE', 'LG BOX', 'LG PACK', 'LG PKG')
                and l_quantity >= 30 and l_quantity <= 30 + 10
                and p_size between 1 and 15
                and l_shipmode in ('AIR', 'AIR REG')
                and l_shipinstruct = 'DELIVER IN PERSON'
        );
--LIMIT -1

      Q20

      EXPLAIN ANALYZE 
SELECT
        s_name,
        s_address
FROM
        supplier,
        nation
WHERE
        s_suppkey in (
                SELECT
                        ps_suppkey
                FROM
                        partsupp
                WHERE
                        ps_partkey in (
                                SELECT
                                        p_partkey
                                FROM
                                        part
                                WHERE
                                        p_name like 'lemon%'
                        )
                        AND ps_availqty > (
                                SELECT
                                        0.5 * sum(l_quantity)
                                FROM
                                        lineitem
                                WHERE
                                        l_partkey = ps_partkey
                                        and l_suppkey = ps_suppkey
                                        and l_shipdate >= date '1997-01-01'
                                        and l_shipdate < date '1997-01-01' + '1 year'::interval
                        )
        )
        and s_nationkey = n_nationkey
        and n_name = 'INDONESIA'
ORDER BY
        s_name limit 100;

      Q21

      EXPLAIN ANALYZE 
SELECT
        s_name,
        count(*) as numwait
FROM
        supplier,
        lineitem l1,
        orders,
        nation
WHERE
        s_suppkey = l1.l_suppkey
        and o_orderkey = l1.l_orderkey
        and o_orderstatus = 'F'
        and l1.l_receiptdate > l1.l_commitdate
        and exists (
                SELECT
                        *
                FROM
                        lineitem l2
                WHERE
                        l2.l_orderkey = l1.l_orderkey
                        and l2.l_suppkey <> l1.l_suppkey
        )
        and not exists (
                SELECT
                        *
                FROM
                        lineitem l3
                WHERE
                        l3.l_orderkey = l1.l_orderkey
                        and l3.l_suppkey <> l1.l_suppkey
                        and l3.l_receiptdate > l3.l_commitdate
        )
        and s_nationkey = n_nationkey
        and n_name = 'INDIA'
GROUP BY
        s_name
ORDER BY
        numwait desc,
        s_name limit 100;
--LIMIT 100

      Q22

      EXPLAIN ANALYZE 
SELECT
        cntrycode,
        count(*) as numcust,
        sum(c_acctbal) as totacctbal
FROM
        (
                SELECT
                        substring(c_phone from 1 for 2) as cntrycode,
                        c_acctbal
                FROM
                        customer
                WHERE
                        substring(c_phone from 1 for 2) in
                                ('16', '17', '24', '21', '19', '22', '15')
                        and c_acctbal > (
                                SELECT
                                        avg(c_acctbal)
                                FROM
                                        customer
                                WHERE
                                        c_acctbal > 0.00
                                        and substring(c_phone from 1 for 2) in
                                                ('16', '17', '24', '21', '19', '22', '15')
                        )
                        and not exists (
                                SELECT
                                        *
                                FROM
                                        orders
                                WHERE
                                        o_custkey = c_custkey
                        )
        ) as custsale
GROUP BY
        cntrycode
ORDER BY
        cntrycode;
--LIMIT -1

    測試結果

    建立列存索引耗時

    測試結論：單線程串列建立共耗時39分鐘。

    列存索引佔用空間

    測試結論：

    • 行存引擎Heap表佔用空間為126 GB。

    • 列存索引佔用空間：

      • 不包含主鍵的情況下（即：polar_csi.enable_pk=false），總佔用空間為25 GB，為行存引擎Heap表的20%。該模式適用於待用資料構建列存索引。

      • 包含主鍵的情況下（即：polar_csi.enable_pk=true），總佔用空間為53 GB，為行存引擎Heap表的42%。該模式適用於動態資料的列存索引。

      表名稱

      表中包含的資料行數

      PostgreSQL行存

      列存索引（不包含主鍵）

      列存索引（包含主鍵）

      LINEITEM

      600,037,902

      86 GB

      17 GB

      36 GB

      ORDERS

      150,000,000

      20 GB

      4406 MB

      9052 MB

      PARTSUPP

      80,000,000

      13 GB

      3452 MB

      6689 MB

      PART

      20,000,000

      3204 MB

      487 MB

      634 MB

      CUSTOMER

      15,000,000

      2808 MB

      992 MB

      1108 MB

      SUPPLIER

      1,000,000

      176 MB

      63 MB

      72 MB

      NATION

      25

      8 KB

      528 KB

      528 KB

      REGION

      5

      8 KB

      528 KB

      528 KB

      合計

      866,037,932

      126 GB

      25 GB

      53 GB

    查詢效能

    測試結果：

    • 列存索引總耗時：23.92秒。

    • 行存引擎總耗時：2363.7秒（Q15逾時，按500秒計算）。

    綜上，列存索引效能是行存引擎效能的近100倍。

    查詢語句

    列存索引耗時（單位：秒）

    PostgreSQL行存引擎耗時（單位：秒）

    加速比（單位：倍數）

    Q1

    0.98

    41.629

    42.48

    Q2

    0.23

    78.402

    340.88

    Q3

    0.88

    18.376

    20.88

    Q4

    0.78

    3.929

    5.04

    Q5

    0.89

    14.801

    16.63

    Q6

    0.27

    4.782

    17.71

    Q7

    0.86

    17.661

    20.54

    Q8

    0.71

    21.952

    30.92

    Q9

    3.77

    362.42

    96.13

    Q10

    1.41

    18.313

    12.99

    Q11

    0.15

    8.307

    55.38

    Q12

    0.61

    7.146

    11.71

    Q13

    2.31

    308.555

    133.57

    Q14

    0.67

    10.658

    15.91

    Q15

    0.44

    逾時，以500計算

    1136.36

    Q16

    0.44

    71.062

    161.50

    Q17

    0.84

    288

    342.86

    Q18

    2.58

    473.446

    183.51

    Q19

    1.42

    0.416

    0.29

    Q20

    0.54

    83

    153.70

    Q21

    2.68

    17.387

    6.49

    Q22

    0.46

    13.458

    29.26

    總結

    23.92

    2363.7

    98.82

    image.png