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Platform For AI:參考:效能基準評測

更新時間:Aug 13, 2026

Pai-Megatron-Patch各加速技術的訓練效能基準評測資料,供您評估和選擇加速方案時參考。

背景資訊

以下實驗均在阿里雲 ECS 執行個體上運行。執行個體規格為 ecs.gn6e-c12g1.12xlarge,配置 48 核 CPU、368 GiB 記憶體、4 塊 NVIDIA V100 GPU,作業系統 Ubuntu 18.04 64 位元,頻寬峰值 100 Mbps。運行 nvidia-smi 確認驅動版本 440.64.00、CUDA 10.2 已就緒,4 塊 Tesla V100-SXM2 GPU 均處於空閑狀態。

| NVIDIA-SMI 440.64.00    Driver Version: 440.64.00    CUDA Version: 10.2  |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name        Persistence-M| Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
|   0  Tesla V100-SXM2...  On   | 00000000:00:07.0 Off |                    0 |
| N/A   32C    P0    41W / 300W |      0MiB / 32510MiB |      0%      Default |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
|   1  Tesla V100-SXM2...  On   | 00000000:00:08.0 Off |                    0 |
| N/A   31C    P0    41W / 300W |      0MiB / 32510MiB |      0%      Default |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
|   2  Tesla V100-SXM2...  On   | 00000000:00:09.0 Off |                    0 |
| N/A   30C    P0    39W / 300W |      0MiB / 32510MiB |      0%      Default |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
|   3  Tesla V100-SXM2...  On   | 00000000:00:0A.0 Off |                    0 |
| N/A   31C    P0    40W / 300W |      0MiB / 32510MiB |      0%      Default |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+

混合精度

實驗環境:HuggingFace BERT 英文預訓練

  • num-layers 12

  • hidden-size 768

  • num-attention-heads 12

  • num-params 110106428

  • local-rank 4

  • seq-length 512

  • micro-batch-size 16

  • global-batch-size 64

方案

吞吐 (samples/s)

Peak Memory (MB)

單精確度訓練

103.07 +/- 1.03

17025

混合精度訓練

178.15 +/- 2.10

12698

分布式顯存最佳化:模型狀態切分

實驗環境:Megatron GPT 英文預訓練

  • num-layers 24

  • hidden-size 2048

  • num-attention-heads 32

  • num-params 1313722368(13億)

  • local-rank 4

  • seq-length 1024

  • micro-batch-size 1

  • global-batch-size 4

使用 PyTorch 原生分布式資料並行會出現 OOM。原因是模型無法放入 32 GB 顯存:僅 Adam 最佳化器狀態參數就消耗 16 GB 顯存。

File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.8/site-packages/torch/nn/modules/module.py", line 889, in _call_impl
    result = self.forward(*input, **kwargs)
  File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.8/site-packages/megatron/model/language_model.py", line 351, in forward
    encoder_output = self.encoder(encoder_input,
  File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.8/site-packages/torch/nn/modules/module.py", line 889, in _call_impl
    result = self.forward(*input, **kwargs)
  File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.8/site-packages/megatron/model/transformer.py", line 703, in forward
    hidden_states = layer(hidden_states,
  File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.8/site-packages/torch/nn/modules/module.py", line 889, in _call_impl
    result = self.forward(*input, **kwargs)
  File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.8/site-packages/megatron/model/transformer.py", line 441, in forward
    self.self_attention(layernorm_output,
  File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.8/site-packages/torch/nn/modules/module.py", line 889, in _call_impl
    result = self.forward(*input, **kwargs)
  File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.8/site-packages/megatron/model/transformer.py", line 264, in forward
    matmul_result = torch.baddbmm(
RuntimeError: CUDA out of memory. Tried to allocate 128.00 MiB (GPU 1; 31.75 GiB total capacity; 28.56 GiB already allocated; 84.00 MiB free; 30.19 GiB reserved in total by PyTorch)

方案

吞吐 (samples/s)

Peak Memory (MB)

無加速技術

OOM

OOM

混合精度訓練

9.57 +/- 0.26

25061

混合精度訓練 + oss模型狀態切分

6.02 +/- 0.06

22077

混合精度訓練 + oss/sdp模型狀態切分

7.01 +/- 0.07

17113

混合精度訓練 + fsdp模型狀態切分

NA

NA

混合精度訓練 + Zero-1

12.88 +/- 0.10

15709

混合精度訓練 + Zero-2

10.27 +/- 0.08

15693

混合精度訓練 + Zero-3

NA

NA

3D混合并行

實驗環境:Megatron GPT 英文預訓練

  • num-layers 24

  • hidden-size 2048

  • num-attention-heads 32

  • num-params 1313722368(13億)

  • local-rank 4

  • seq-length 1024

  • micro-batch-size 1

  • global-batch-size 4

開啟混合精度訓練下:

運算元拆分

流水並行

吞吐 (samples/s)

Peak Memory (MB)

1

1

9.63 +/- 0.29

25061

2

1

7.59 +/- 0.14

11300

4

1

6.16 +/- 0.06

5673

1

2

8.46 +/- 0.17

12375

1

4

8.03 +/- 0.12

8141

2

2

7.37 +/- 0.11

6211

4

4

6.24 +/- 0.08

5673

ORT計算圖最佳化

實驗環境:HuggingFace BERT 英文微調

  • num-layers 12

  • hidden-size 768

  • num-attention-heads 12

  • num-params 110106428

  • local-rank 4

  • seq-length 512

  • micro-batch-size 16

  • global-batch-size 64

ORT 計算圖最佳化相比單精確度訓練吞吐提升 15.6%:

方案

吞吐 (samples/s)

Peak Memory (MB)

單精確度訓練

479.15 +/- 1.67

2112

混合精度訓練

589.66 +/- 4.79

2127

ORT計算圖最佳化

554.24 +/- 1.98

2430

ORT+混合精度

614.70 +/- 8.69

2289