Object Storage Service：使用預簽名URL下載（Go SDK V2）

注意事項

• 本文範例程式碼以華東1（杭州）的地區IDcn-hangzhou為例，預設使用外網Endpoint，如果您希望通過與OSS同地區的其他阿里雲產品訪問OSS，請使用內網Endpoint。關於OSS支援的Region與Endpoint的對應關係，請參見OSS地區和訪問網域名稱。

• 本文以從環境變數讀取存取憑證為例。如何配置訪問憑證，請參見配置訪問憑證。

• 預簽名URL無需許可權即可產生，但僅當您擁有oss:GetObject許可權時，第三方才能通過該預簽名URL成功下載檔案。具體授權操作，請參見為RAM使用者授權自訂的權限原則。

• 本文範例程式碼使用V4預簽名URL，有效期間最大為7天。更多資訊，請參見簽名版本4（推薦）。

使用過程

使用預簽名URL下載檔案的過程如下：

方法定義

您可以使用預簽名介面產生預簽名URL，授予對儲存空間中對象的限時存取權限。在到期時間之前，您可以多次使用預簽名URL。

預簽名介面定義如下：

func (c *Client) Presign(ctx context.Context, request any, optFns ...func(*PresignOptions)) (result *PresignResult, err error)

請求參數列表

其中，PresignOptions選項列舉如下：

傳回值列表

其中，PresignResult傳回值列舉如下：

範例程式碼

1. 檔案擁有者產生GET方法的預簽名URL。

   package main
   
   import (
   	"context"
   	"flag"
   	"log"
   	"time"
   
   	"github.com/aliyun/alibabacloud-oss-go-sdk-v2/oss"
   	"github.com/aliyun/alibabacloud-oss-go-sdk-v2/oss/credentials"
   )
   
   // 定義全域變數
   var (
   	region     string // 儲存地區
   	bucketName string // 儲存空間名稱
   	objectName string // 對象名稱
   )
   
   // init函數用於初始化命令列參數
   func init() {
   	flag.StringVar(&region, "region", "", "The region in which the bucket is located.")
   	flag.StringVar(&bucketName, "bucket", "", "The name of the bucket.")
   	flag.StringVar(&objectName, "object", "", "The name of the object.")
   }
   
   func main() {
   	// 解析命令列參數
   	flag.Parse()
   
   	// 檢查bucket名稱是否為空白
   	if len(bucketName) == 0 {
   		flag.PrintDefaults()
   		log.Fatalf("invalid parameters, bucket name required")
   	}
   
   	// 檢查region是否為空白
   	if len(region) == 0 {
   		flag.PrintDefaults()
   		log.Fatalf("invalid parameters, region required")
   	}
   
   	// 檢查object名稱是否為空白
   	if len(objectName) == 0 {
   		flag.PrintDefaults()
   		log.Fatalf("invalid parameters, object name required")
   	}
   
   	// 載入預設配置並設定憑證提供者和地區
   	cfg := oss.LoadDefaultConfig().
   		WithCredentialsProvider(credentials.NewEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider()).
   		WithRegion(region)
   
   	// 建立OSS用戶端
   	client := oss.NewClient(cfg)
   
   	// 產生GetObject的預簽名URL
   	result, err := client.Presign(context.TODO(), &oss.GetObjectRequest{
   		Bucket: oss.Ptr(bucketName),
   		Key:    oss.Ptr(objectName),
   	},
   		oss.PresignExpires(10*time.Minute),
   	)
   	if err != nil {
   		log.Fatalf("failed to get object presign %v", err)
   	}
   
   	log.Printf("request method:%v\n", result.Method)
   	log.Printf("request expiration:%v\n", result.Expiration)
   	log.Printf("request url:%v\n", result.URL)
   	if len(result.SignedHeaders) > 0 {
   		//當返回結果包含簽名頭時，使用預簽名URL發送GET請求時也包含相應的要求標頭，以免出現不一致，導致請求失敗和預簽名錯誤
   		log.Printf("signed headers:\n")
   		for k, v := range result.SignedHeaders {
   			log.Printf("%v: %v\n", k, v)
   		}
   	}
   }
   

2. 其他人使用GET方法的預簽名URL下載檔案。

   curl

   curl -SO "https://examplebucket.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/exampleobject.txt?x-oss-date=20241112T092756Z&x-oss-expires=3599&x-oss-signature-version=OSS4-HMAC-SHA256&x-oss-credential=LTAI****************/20241112/cn-hangzhou/oss/aliyun_v4_request&x-oss-signature=ed5a******************************************************"

   Java

   import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
   import java.io.FileOutputStream;
   import java.io.IOException;
   import java.io.InputStream;
   import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
   import java.net.URL;
   
   public class Demo {
       public static void main(String[] args) {
           // 替換為產生的GET方法的預簽名URL。
           String fileURL = "https://examplebucket.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/exampleobject.txt?x-oss-date=20241112T092756Z&x-oss-expires=3599&x-oss-signature-version=OSS4-HMAC-SHA256&x-oss-credential=LTAI****************/20241112/cn-hangzhou/oss/aliyun_v4_request&x-oss-signature=ed5a******************************************************";
           // 填寫檔案儲存的目標路徑，包括檔案名稱和副檔名。
           String savePath = "C:/downloads/myfile.txt";
   
           try {
               downloadFile(fileURL, savePath);
               System.out.println("Download completed!");
           } catch (IOException e) {
               System.err.println("Error during download: " + e.getMessage());
           }
       }
   
       private static void downloadFile(String fileURL, String savePath) throws IOException {
           URL url = new URL(fileURL);
           HttpURLConnection httpConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
           httpConn.setRequestMethod("GET");
   
           // 檢查響應代碼
           int responseCode = httpConn.getResponseCode();
           if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
               // 輸入資料流
               InputStream inputStream = new BufferedInputStream(httpConn.getInputStream());
               // 輸出資料流
               FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(savePath);
   
               byte[] buffer = new byte[4096]; // 緩衝區
               int bytesRead;
               while ((bytesRead = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                   outputStream.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
               }
   
               outputStream.close();
               inputStream.close();
           } else {
               System.out.println("No file to download. Server replied HTTP code: " + responseCode);
           }
           httpConn.disconnect();
       }
   }

   Node.js

   const https = require('https');
   const fs = require('fs');
   
   const fileURL = "https://examplebucket.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/exampleobject.txt?x-oss-date=20241112T092756Z&x-oss-expires=3599&x-oss-signature-version=OSS4-HMAC-SHA256&x-oss-credential=LTAI****************/20241112/cn-hangzhou/oss/aliyun_v4_request&x-oss-signature=ed5a******************************************************";
   const savePath = "C:/downloads/myfile.txt";
   
   https.get(fileURL, (response) => {
       if (response.statusCode === 200) {
           const fileStream = fs.createWriteStream(savePath);
           response.pipe(fileStream);
           
           fileStream.on('finish', () => {
               fileStream.close();
               console.log("Download completed!");
           });
       } else {
           console.error(`Download failed. Server responded with code: ${response.statusCode}`);
       }
   }).on('error', (err) => {
       console.error("Error during download:", err.message);
   });

   Python

   import requests
   
   file_url = "https://examplebucket.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/exampleobject.txt?x-oss-date=20241112T092756Z&x-oss-expires=3599&x-oss-signature-version=OSS4-HMAC-SHA256&x-oss-credential=LTAI****************/20241112/cn-hangzhou/oss/aliyun_v4_request&x-oss-signature=ed5a******************************************************"
   save_path = "C:/downloads/myfile.txt"
   
   try:
       response = requests.get(file_url, stream=True)
       if response.status_code == 200:
           with open(save_path, 'wb') as f:
               for chunk in response.iter_content(4096):
                   f.write(chunk)
           print("Download completed!")
       else:
           print(f"No file to download. Server replied HTTP code: {response.status_code}")
   except Exception as e:
       print("Error during download:", e)

   Go

   package main
   
   import (
       "io"
       "net/http"
       "os"
   )
   
   func main() {
       fileURL := "https://examplebucket.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/exampleobject.txt?x-oss-date=20241112T092756Z&x-oss-expires=3599&x-oss-signature-version=OSS4-HMAC-SHA256&x-oss-credential=LTAI****************/20241112/cn-hangzhou/oss/aliyun_v4_request&x-oss-signature=ed5a******************************************************"
       savePath := "C:/downloads/myfile.txt"
   
       response, err := http.Get(fileURL)
       if err != nil {
           panic(err)
       }
       defer response.Body.Close()
   
       if response.StatusCode == http.StatusOK {
           outFile, err := os.Create(savePath)
           if err != nil {
               panic(err)
           }
           defer outFile.Close()
   
           _, err = io.Copy(outFile, response.Body)
           if err != nil {
               panic(err)
           }
           println("Download completed!")
       } else {
           println("No file to download. Server replied HTTP code:", response.StatusCode)
       }
   }

   JavaScript

   const fileURL = "https://examplebucket.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/exampleobject.txt?x-oss-date=20241112T092756Z&x-oss-expires=3599&x-oss-signature-version=OSS4-HMAC-SHA256&x-oss-credential=LTAI****************/20241112/cn-hangzhou/oss/aliyun_v4_request&x-oss-signature=ed5a******************************************************";
   const savePath = "C:/downloads/myfile.txt"; // 檔案將在下載時使用的檔案名稱
   
   fetch(fileURL)
       .then(response => {
           if (!response.ok) {
               throw new Error(`Server replied HTTP code: ${response.status}`);
           }
           return response.blob(); // 將響應轉換為 blob
       })
       .then(blob => {
           const link = document.createElement('a');
           link.href = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob);
           link.download = savePath; // 設定下載檔案的名字
           document.body.appendChild(link); // 此步驟確保連結存在於文檔中
           link.click(); // 類比點擊下載連結
           link.remove(); // 完成後移除連結
           console.log("Download completed!");
       })
       .catch(error => {
           console.error("Error during download:", error);
       });

   Android-Java

   import android.os.AsyncTask;
   import android.os.Environment;
   import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
   import java.io.FileOutputStream;
   import java.io.InputStream;
   import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
   import java.net.URL;
   
   public class DownloadTask extends AsyncTask<String, String, String> {
       @Override
       protected String doInBackground(String... params) {
           String fileURL = params[0];
           String savePath = Environment.getExternalStoragePublicDirectory(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS) + "/myfile.txt"; // 修改後的儲存路徑
           try {
               URL url = new URL(fileURL);
               HttpURLConnection httpConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
               httpConn.setRequestMethod("GET");
               int responseCode = httpConn.getResponseCode();
               if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
                   InputStream inputStream = new BufferedInputStream(httpConn.getInputStream());
                   FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream(savePath);
                   byte[] buffer = new byte[4096];
                   int bytesRead;
                   while ((bytesRead = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                       outputStream.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
                   }
                   outputStream.close();
                   inputStream.close();
                   return "Download completed!";
               } else {
                   return "No file to download. Server replied HTTP code: " + responseCode;
               }
           } catch (Exception e) {
               return "Error during download: " + e.getMessage();
           }
       }
   }

   Objective-C

   #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
   
   int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
       @autoreleasepool {
           // 定義檔案 URL 和儲存路徑（修改為有效路徑）
           NSString *fileURL = @"https://examplebucket.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/exampleobject.txt?x-oss-date=20241112T092756Z&x-oss-expires=3599&x-oss-signature-version=OSS4-HMAC-SHA256&x-oss-credential=LTAI****************/20241112/cn-hangzhou/oss/aliyun_v4_request&x-oss-signature=ed5a******************************************************";
           NSString *savePath = @"/Users/your_username/Desktop/myfile.txt"; // 請替換為您的使用者名稱
           
           // 建立 URL 對象
           NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:fileURL];
           
           // 建立下載任務
           NSURLSessionDataTask *task = [[NSURLSession sharedSession] dataTaskWithURL:url completionHandler:^(NSData *data, NSURLResponse *response, NSError *error) {
               // 錯誤處理
               if (error) {
                   NSLog(@"Error during download: %@", error.localizedDescription);
                   return;
               }
               
               // 檢查資料
               if (!data) {
                   NSLog(@"No data received.");
                   return;
               }
               
               // 儲存檔案
               NSError *writeError = nil;
               BOOL success = [data writeToURL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:savePath] options:NSDataWritingAtomic error:&writeError];
               if (success) {
                   NSLog(@"Download completed!");
               } else {
                   NSLog(@"Error saving file: %@", writeError.localizedDescription);
               }
           }];
           
           // 啟動任務
           [task resume];
           
           // 讓主線程繼續運行以便非同步請求能夠完成
           [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] run];
       }
       return 0;
   }

常見使用情境

package main

import (
	"context"
	"flag"
	"log"
	"time"

	"github.com/aliyun/alibabacloud-oss-go-sdk-v2/oss"
	"github.com/aliyun/alibabacloud-oss-go-sdk-v2/oss/credentials"
)

// 定義全域變數
var (
	region     string // 儲存地區
	bucketName string // 儲存空間名稱
	objectName string // 對象名稱
)

// init函數用於初始化命令列參數
func init() {
	flag.StringVar(&region, "region", "", "The region in which the bucket is located.")
	flag.StringVar(&bucketName, "bucket", "", "The name of the bucket.")
	flag.StringVar(&objectName, "object", "", "The name of the object.")
}

func main() {
	// 解析命令列參數
	flag.Parse()

	// 檢查bucket名稱是否為空白
	if len(bucketName) == 0 {
		flag.PrintDefaults()
		log.Fatalf("invalid parameters, bucket name required")
	}

	// 檢查region是否為空白
	if len(region) == 0 {
		flag.PrintDefaults()
		log.Fatalf("invalid parameters, region required")
	}

	// 檢查object名稱是否為空白
	if len(objectName) == 0 {
		flag.PrintDefaults()
		log.Fatalf("invalid parameters, object name required")
	}

	// 載入預設配置並設定憑證提供者和地區
	cfg := oss.LoadDefaultConfig().
		WithCredentialsProvider(credentials.NewEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider()).
		WithRegion(region)

	// 建立OSS用戶端
	client := oss.NewClient(cfg)

	// 產生GetObject的預簽名URL
	result, err := client.Presign(context.TODO(), &oss.GetObjectRequest{
		Bucket:    oss.Ptr(bucketName),
		Key:       oss.Ptr(objectName),
		VersionId: oss.Ptr("yourVersionId"), // 指定版本ID
	},
		oss.PresignExpires(10*time.Minute),
	)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("failed to get object presign %v", err)
	}
	log.Printf("get object presign result: %#v\n", result)
	log.Printf("get object url: %#v\n", result.URL)
}

package main

import (
	"context"
	"flag"
	"log"
	"time"

	"github.com/aliyun/alibabacloud-oss-go-sdk-v2/oss"
	"github.com/aliyun/alibabacloud-oss-go-sdk-v2/oss/credentials"
)

// 定義全域變數
var (
	region     string // 儲存地區
	bucketName string // 儲存空間名稱
	objectName string // 對象名稱
)

// init函數用於初始化命令列參數
func init() {
	flag.StringVar(&region, "region", "", "The region in which the bucket is located.")
	flag.StringVar(&bucketName, "bucket", "", "The name of the bucket.")
	flag.StringVar(&objectName, "object", "", "The name of the object.")
}

func main() {
	// 解析命令列參數
	flag.Parse()

	// 檢查bucket名稱是否為空白
	if len(bucketName) == 0 {
		flag.PrintDefaults()
		log.Fatalf("invalid parameters, bucket name required")
	}

	// 檢查region是否為空白
	if len(region) == 0 {
		flag.PrintDefaults()
		log.Fatalf("invalid parameters, region required")
	}

	// 檢查object名稱是否為空白
	if len(objectName) == 0 {
		flag.PrintDefaults()
		log.Fatalf("invalid parameters, object name required")
	}

	// 載入預設配置並設定憑證提供者和地區
	cfg := oss.LoadDefaultConfig().
		WithCredentialsProvider(credentials.NewEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider()).
		WithRegion(region).
		WithEndpoint("http://static.example.com").
		WithUseCName(true)

	// 建立OSS用戶端
	client := oss.NewClient(cfg)

	// 產生GetObject的預簽名URL
	result, err := client.Presign(context.TODO(), &oss.GetObjectRequest{
		Bucket: oss.Ptr(bucketName),
		Key:    oss.Ptr(objectName),
		//RequestPayer: oss.Ptr("requester"), // 指定要求者身份
	},
		oss.PresignExpires(10*time.Minute),
	)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("failed to get object presign %v", err)
	}

	log.Printf("request method:%v\n", result.Method)
	log.Printf("request expiration:%v\n", result.Expiration)
	log.Printf("request url:%v\n", result.URL)
	if len(result.SignedHeaders) > 0 {
		//當返回結果包含預簽名頭時，使用預簽名URL發送GET請求時也包含相應的要求標頭，以免出現不一致，導致請求失敗和預簽名錯誤
		log.Printf("signed headers:\n")
		for k, v := range result.SignedHeaders {
			log.Printf("%v: %v\n", k, v)
		}
	}
}

相關文檔

• 關於預簽名URL的完整範例程式碼，請參見GitHub樣本。

• 關於預簽名URL的API介面，請參見Presign。