Elastic Compute Service：在Linux執行個體中安裝MySQL資料庫

遠端連線ECS執行個體。具體操作，請參見使用Workbench登入Linux執行個體。

安裝MySQL資料庫。

#需要安裝compat-openssl10與舊版本OpenSSL庫相容。
sudo yum install -y compat-openssl10
#添加MySQL官方源
sudo rpm -Uvh https://repo.mysql.com/mysql84-community-release-el8-1.noarch.rpm
#安裝MySQL服務
sudo dnf install -y mysql-server
#啟動MySQL服務並設定開機自啟
sudo systemctl start mysqld
sudo systemctl enable mysqld

查看root使用者預設初始密碼。

echo $(PASSWORD=$(sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log); PASSWORD=${PASSWORD##* }; echo $PASSWORD)

運行命令，啟動MySQL安全安裝嚮導。

sudo mysql_secure_installation

1. 輸入root使用者初始密碼。

   說明

   輸入密碼時介面不會顯示密碼的輸入過程，請您確保輸入的密碼正確。

   Securing the MySQL server deployment.
   Enter password for user root:

2. 提示root密碼已到期，您需要設定新的root使用者密碼，需要輸入兩次新密碼。

   重要

   密碼原則要求密碼至少包含一個大寫字母、一個小寫字母、一個數字和一個特殊字元，並且密碼總長度至少為8個字元。

   The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.
   New password:
   Re-enter new password:

3. 修改root密碼後，輸入n，拒絕再次修改密碼。

   Change the password for root ? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

4. 輸入y，移除匿名使用者。

   說明

   移除匿名使用者可以防止未經授權的使用者在沒有提供有效憑證的情況下訪問您的 MySQL 伺服器。

   By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
   allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
   a user account created for them. This is intended only for
   testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
   You should remove them before moving into a production
   environment.
   Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

5. 輸入y，禁止MySQL的root使用者從遠程登入。

   說明

   如果有特定需求允許root使用者遠端存取，可以按Y以外任意鍵以允許遠程 root 登入。

   Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
   'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
   the root password from the network.
   Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

6. 輸入y，移除MySQL內建的test資料庫。

   By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
   anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
   and should be removed before moving into a production
   environment.
   Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

7. 輸入y，重新載入許可權表，使之前所有更改生效。

   Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
   made so far will take effect immediately.
   Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

遠端連線ECS執行個體。具體操作，請參見使用Workbench登入Linux執行個體。

安裝MySQL資料庫。

#添加MySQL官方源
sudo rpm -Uvh https://repo.mysql.com/mysql84-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm
#安裝MySQL服務
sudo yum install -y mysql-server
#啟動MySQL服務並設定開機自啟
sudo systemctl start mysqld
sudo systemctl enable mysqld

查看root使用者預設初始密碼。

echo $(PASSWORD=$(sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log); PASSWORD=${PASSWORD##* }; echo $PASSWORD)

運行命令，啟動MySQL安全安裝嚮導。

sudo mysql_secure_installation

1. 輸入root使用者初始密碼。

   說明

   輸入密碼時介面不會顯示密碼的輸入過程，請您確保輸入的密碼正確。

   Securing the MySQL server deployment.
   Enter password for user root:

2. 提示root密碼已到期，您需要設定新的root使用者密碼，需要輸入兩次新密碼。

   重要

   密碼原則要求密碼至少包含一個大寫字母、一個小寫字母、一個數字和一個特殊字元，並且密碼總長度至少為8個字元。

   The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.
   New password:
   Re-enter new password:

3. 修改root密碼後，輸入n，拒絕再次修改密碼。

   Change the password for root ? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

4. 輸入y，移除匿名使用者。

   說明

   移除匿名使用者可以防止未經授權的使用者在沒有提供有效憑證的情況下訪問您的 MySQL 伺服器。

   By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
   allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
   a user account created for them. This is intended only for
   testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
   You should remove them before moving into a production
   environment.
   Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

5. 輸入y，禁止MySQL的root使用者從遠程登入。

   說明

   如果有特定需求允許root使用者遠端存取，可以按Y以外任意鍵以允許遠程 root 登入。

   Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
   'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
   the root password from the network.
   Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

6. 輸入y，移除MySQL內建的test資料庫。

   By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
   anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
   and should be removed before moving into a production
   environment.
   Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

7. 輸入y，重新載入許可權表，使之前所有更改生效。

   Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
   made so far will take effect immediately.
   Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

遠端連線ECS執行個體。具體操作，請參見使用Workbench登入Linux執行個體。

安裝MySQL資料庫。

#添加MySQL官方源
sudo rpm -Uvh https://repo.mysql.com/mysql84-community-release-el8-1.noarch.rpm
#安裝MySQL服務
sudo dnf install -y mysql-server
#啟動MySQL服務並設定開機自啟
sudo systemctl start mysqld
sudo systemctl enable mysqld

運行命令，啟動MySQL安全安裝嚮導。

sudo mysql_secure_installation

1. 輸入y，啟用VALIDATE PASSWORD組件。

   Securing the MySQL server deployment.
   Connecting to MySQL using a blank password.
   VALIDATE PASSWORD COMPONENT can be used to test passwords
   and improve security. It checks the strength of password
   and allows the users to set only those passwords which are
   secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD component?
   Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No:

2. 輸入2，設定密碼原則要求密碼至少包含一個大寫字母、一個小寫字母、一個數字和一個特殊字元，並且密碼總長度至少為8個字元。

   There are three levels of password validation policy:
   LOW    Length >= 8
   MEDIUM Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, and special characters
   STRONG Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, special characters and dictionary                  file
   Please enter 0 = LOW, 1 = MEDIUM and 2 = STRONG:

3. 您需要設定新的root使用者密碼，需要輸入兩次新密碼。

   New password:
   
   Re-enter new password:
   
   Estimated strength of the password: 100

   重要

   密碼原則要求密碼至少包含一個大寫字母、一個小寫字母、一個數字和一個特殊字元，並且密碼總長度至少為8個字元。

4. 輸入y，繼續使用提供的密碼。

   Do you wish to continue with the password provided?(Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

5. 輸入y，移除匿名使用者。

   說明

   移除匿名使用者可以防止未經授權的使用者在沒有提供有效憑證的情況下訪問您的 MySQL 伺服器。

   By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
   allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
   a user account created for them. This is intended only for
   testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
   You should remove them before moving into a production
   environment.
   Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

6. 輸入y，禁止MySQL的root使用者從遠程登入。

   說明

   如果有特定需求允許root使用者遠端存取，可以按Y以外任意鍵以允許遠程 root 登入。

   Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
   'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
   the root password from the network.
   Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

7. 輸入y，移除MySQL內建的test資料庫。

   By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
   anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
   and should be removed before moving into a production
   environment.
   Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

8. 輸入y，重新載入許可權表，使之前所有更改生效。

   Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
   made so far will take effect immediately.
   Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

遠端連線ECS執行個體。具體操作，請參見使用Workbench登入Linux執行個體。

安裝MySQL資料庫。

#添加MySQL官方源
sudo rpm -Uvh https://repo.mysql.com/mysql84-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm
#安裝MySQL服務
sudo yum install -y mysql-server
#啟動MySQL服務並設定開機自啟
sudo systemctl start mysqld
sudo systemctl enable mysqld

查看root使用者預設初始密碼。

echo $(PASSWORD=$(sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log); PASSWORD=${PASSWORD##* }; echo $PASSWORD)

運行命令，啟動MySQL安全安裝嚮導。

sudo mysql_secure_installation

1. 輸入root使用者初始密碼。

   說明

   輸入密碼時介面不會顯示密碼的輸入過程，請您確保輸入的密碼正確。

   Securing the MySQL server deployment.
   Enter password for user root:

2. 提示root密碼已到期，您需要設定新的root使用者密碼，需要輸入兩次新密碼。

   重要

   密碼原則要求密碼至少包含一個大寫字母、一個小寫字母、一個數字和一個特殊字元，並且密碼總長度至少為8個字元。

   The existing password for the user account root has expired. Please set a new password.
   New password:
   Re-enter new password:

3. 修改root密碼後，輸入n，拒絕再次修改密碼。

   Change the password for root ? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

4. 輸入y，移除匿名使用者。

   說明

   移除匿名使用者可以防止未經授權的使用者在沒有提供有效憑證的情況下訪問您的 MySQL 伺服器。

   By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
   allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
   a user account created for them. This is intended only for
   testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
   You should remove them before moving into a production
   environment.
   Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

5. 輸入y，禁止MySQL的root使用者從遠程登入。

   說明

   如果有特定需求允許root使用者遠端存取，可以按Y以外任意鍵以允許遠程 root 登入。

   Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
   'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
   the root password from the network.
   Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

6. 輸入y，移除MySQL內建的test資料庫。

   By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
   anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
   and should be removed before moving into a production
   environment.
   Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

7. 輸入y，重新載入許可權表，使之前所有更改生效。

   Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
   made so far will take effect immediately.
   Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

遠端連線ECS執行個體。具體操作，請參見使用Workbench登入Linux執行個體。

運行以下命令，更新系統apt倉庫，確保您的系統包列表為最新。

sudo apt-get update

安裝MySQL APT存放庫。

#下載APT配置包
sudo wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql-apt-config_0.8.33-1_all.deb
#使用 dpkg 命令安裝下載的 MySQL APT 配置包
sudo dpkg -i mysql-apt-config_0.8.33-1_all.deb

1. （可選）若mysql-apt-config指令碼檢測到您的作業系統版本不是其正式支援的版本，它將顯示一個介面，讓您選擇最接近您系統版本的支援選項以繼續安裝。

   說明

   擷取系統別名請參見部署MySQL常見問題。

   Configuring mysql-apt-config
   The detected system (ubuntu bionic) is not supported by MySQL. If you believe the platform is compatible with one of the supported systems, one of the corresponding repositories may be selected.
   Add repository to unsupported system?
                               ubuntu lunar
                               ubuntu focal
                               ubuntu jammy
                               ubuntu noble
                               ubuntu oracular
                               debian bookworm
                               abort
                                  <Ok>

2. 配置頁面會列出待安裝的全部組件，其中包括MySQL Server 、Client、Tool等一系列組件，確認版本及待安裝組件無誤，按方向鍵切換到OK並斷行符號。

   Configuring mysql-apt-config
   The MySQL APT Repository features MySQL Server along with a variety of components. You may select the desired products to install and update from the official MySQL Repository, and also select the associated version series.
   Select "Ok" to save the configuration, and then execute "apt update" to load the selected package list. This configuration can be updated later, depending on your needs.
   Which MySQL product do you wish to configure?
       MySQL Server & Cluster (Currently selected: mysql-8.4-lts)
       MySQL Connectors (Currently selected: Enabled)
       Ok
                                 <Ok>

安裝MySQL伺服器。

#更新包列表
sudo apt update
#安裝 MySQL 伺服器
sudo apt install -y mysql-server
#啟動 MySQL 服務
sudo systemctl start mysql
#檢查啟動狀態
sudo systemctl status mysql
#在系統啟動時自動啟動。
sudo systemctl enable mysql

運行命令，啟動MySQL安全安裝嚮導。

sudo mysql_secure_installation

1. 輸入root使用者密碼。

2. 輸入y，啟用VALIDATE PASSWORD組件。

   Securing the MySQL server deployment.
   Connecting to MySQL using a blank password.
   VALIDATE PASSWORD COMPONENT can be used to test passwords
   and improve security. It checks the strength of password
   and allows the users to set only those passwords which are
   secure enough. Would you like to setup VALIDATE PASSWORD component?
   Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No:

3. 輸入2，設定密碼原則要求密碼至少包含一個大寫字母、一個小寫字母、一個數字和一個特殊字元，並且密碼總長度至少為8個字元。

   There are three levels of password validation policy:
   LOW    Length >= 8
   MEDIUM Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, and special characters
   STRONG Length >= 8, numeric, mixed case, special characters and dictionary                  file
   Please enter 0 = LOW, 1 = MEDIUM and 2 = STRONG:

4. 輸入n，拒絕修改root使用者密碼。

   說明

   如果您需要更改root使用者密碼，可以輸入y以進行修改。

5. 輸入y，移除匿名使用者。

   說明

   移除匿名使用者可以防止未經授權的使用者在沒有提供有效憑證的情況下訪問您的 MySQL 伺服器。

   By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user,
   allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have
   a user account created for them. This is intended only for
   testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother.
   You should remove them before moving into a production
   environment.
   Remove anonymous users? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

6. 輸入y，禁止MySQL的root使用者從遠程登入。

   說明

   如果有特定需求允許root使用者遠端存取，可以按Y以外任意鍵以允許遠程 root 登入。

   Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from
   'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at
   the root password from the network.
   Disallow root login remotely? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

7. 輸入y，移除MySQL內建的test資料庫。

   By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that
   anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing,
   and should be removed before moving into a production
   environment.
   Remove test database and access to it? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :

8. 輸入y，重新載入許可權表，使之前所有更改生效。

   Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes
   made so far will take effect immediately.
   Reload privilege tables now? (Press y|Y for Yes, any other key for No) :