Elastic Compute Service：使用Packer建立並匯入本地鏡像

• 伺服器作業系統：Ubuntu 16.04
• 待製作鏡像的作業系統：CentOS 6.9

1. 運行egrep "(svm|vmx)" /proc/cpuinfo命令，查看您的原始伺服器或虛擬機器是否支援KVM。
   返回如下資訊時，表示支援KVM。

   pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc art arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf tsc_known_freq pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch epb intel_pt tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid mpx rdseed adx smap clflushopt xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves dtherm ida arat pln pts hwp hwp_notify hwp_act_window hwp_epp
   flags        : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov

2. 若您的原始伺服器或者虛擬機器支援KVM，依次運行以下命令安裝KVM。

   sudo apt-get install qemu-kvm qemu virt-manager virt-viewer  libvirt-bin bridge-utils  #安裝KVM及相關控制項

   sudo virt-manager  #開啟virt-manager

   如果可以通過GUI建立虛擬機器，表示您已經成功安裝KVM。

3. 安裝Packer。

   詳細步驟，請參見安裝Packer。

4. 依次運行以下命令定義Packer模板。
   说明 以下樣本命令基於CentOS 6.9系統。如果您需要為其他動作系統製作鏡像，請根據需要自訂Packer模板設定檔centos.json，詳情請參見自訂Packer模板。

   cd /usr/local  #切換所在目錄

   wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/alibaba/packer-provider/master/examples/alicloud/local/centos.json  #下載阿里雲官方發行的centos.json設定檔

   wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/alibaba/packer-provider/master/examples/alicloud/local/http/centos-6.9/ks.cfg  #下載阿里雲官方發行的ks.cfg設定檔

   mkdir -p http/centos-6.9  #建立目錄

   mv ks.cfg http/centos-6.9/  #移動檔案ks.cfg到目錄http/centos-6.9中

5. 依次運行以下命令建立並匯入本地鏡像。

   export ALICLOUD_ACCESS_KEY=<您的AccessKeyID>      #匯入您的AccessKeyID

   export ALICLOUD_SECRET_KEY=<您的AccessKeySecret>  #匯入您的AccessKeySecret

   packer build centos.json                          #建立本地鏡像並匯入到阿里雲平台

   啟動並執行樣本結果如下：

   qemu output will be in this color.
    ==> qemu: Downloading or copying ISO
        qemu: Downloading or copying: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/6.9/isos/x86_64/CentOS-6.9-x86_64-minimal.iso
    ................................................
    ==> qemu: Running post-processor: alicloud-import
        qemu (alicloud-import): Deleting import source https://oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/packer/centos_x86_64
    Build 'qemu' finished.
    ==> Builds finished. The artifacts of successful builds are:
    --> qemu: Alicloud images were created:
    cn-beijing: XXXXXXXX

6. 等待一段時間後，在對應地區的ECS控制台鏡像詳情頁查看上傳結果，如樣本中的華北二。

{"variables": {
        "box_basename": "centos-6.9",
        "build_timestamp": "{{isotime \"20060102150405\"}}",
        "cpus": "1",
        "disk_size": "4096",
        "git_revision": "__unknown_git_revision__",
        "headless": "",
        "http_proxy": "{{env `http_proxy`}}",
        "https_proxy": "{{env `https_proxy`}}",
        "iso_checksum_type": "md5",
        "iso_checksum": "af4axxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx192a2",
        "iso_name": "CentOS-6.9-x86_64-minimal.iso",
        "ks_path": "centos-6.9/ks.cfg",
        "memory": "512",
        "metadata": "floppy/dummy_metadata.json",
        "mirror": "http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos",
        "mirror_directory": "6.9/isos/x86_64",
        "name": "centos-6.9",
        "no_proxy": "{{env `no_proxy`}}",
        "template": "centos-6.9-x86_64",
        "version": "2.1.TIMESTAMP"
      },
    "builders":[
        {
          "boot_command": [
            "<tab> text ks=http://{{ .HTTPIP }}:{{ .HTTPPort }}/{{user `ks_path`}}<enter><wait>"
          ],
          "boot_wait": "10s",
          "disk_size": "{{user `disk_size`}}",
          "headless": "{{ user `headless` }}",
          "http_directory": "http",
          "iso_checksum": "{{user `iso_checksum`}}",
          "iso_checksum_type": "{{user `iso_checksum_type`}}",
          "iso_url": "{{user `mirror`}}/{{user `mirror_directory`}}/{{user `iso_name`}}",
          "output_directory": "packer-{{user `template`}}-qemu",
          "shutdown_command": "echo 'vagrant'|sudo -S /sbin/halt -h -p",
          "ssh_password": "vagrant",
          "ssh_port": 22,
          "ssh_username": "root",
          "ssh_wait_timeout": "10000s",
          "type": "qemu",
          "vm_name": "{{ user `template` }}.raw",
          "net_device": "virtio-net",
          "disk_interface": "virtio",
          "format": "raw"
        }
      ],
    "provisioners": [{
          "type": "shell",
          "inline": [
                "sleep 30",
                "yum install cloud-util cloud-init -y"
              ]
        }],
      "post-processors":[
        {
          "type":"alicloud-import",
          "oss_bucket_name": "packer",
          "image_name": "packer_import",
          "image_os_type": "linux",
          "image_platform": "CentOS",
          "image_architecture": "x86_64",
          "image_system_size": "40",
          "region":"cn-beijing"
        }
      ]
}