ApsaraDB for SelectDB:Importar dados com o Flink

Ambiente de exemplo

Este exemplo utiliza Flink SQL, Flink CDC e a API DataStream para migrar dados da tabela employees no banco de dados test de uma instância ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL para a tabela employees no banco de dados test de uma instância do SelectDB. Modifique os parâmetros nestes exemplos para adequá-los ao seu cenário. O ambiente de exemplo é o seguinte:

• Ambiente standalone do Flink 1.16

• Java

• Banco de dados de destino: test

• Tabela de destino: employees

• Banco de dados de origem: test

• Tabela de origem: employees

Preparar o ambiente

Importar com Flink SQL

1. Inicie o Flink SQL Client.

   No diretório bin da sua instalação do Flink, execute o seguinte comando:

   ./sql-client.sh

2. No Flink SQL Client, envie um job do Flink.

   1. Crie uma tabela de origem MySQL.

      A cláusula WITH na instrução a seguir especifica a configuração para a MySQL CDC Source. Para mais informações sobre os parâmetros, consulte MySQL | Apache Flink CDC.

      CREATE TABLE employees_source (
          emp_no INT,
          birth_date DATE,
          first_name STRING,
          last_name STRING,
          gender STRING,
          hire_date DATE,
          PRIMARY KEY (`emp_no`) NOT ENFORCED
      ) WITH (
          'connector' = 'mysql-cdc',
          'hostname' = '127.0.0.1', 
          'port' = '3306',
          'username' = 'root',
          'password' = '****',
          'database-name' = 'test',
          'table-name' = 'employees'
      );

   2. Crie uma tabela sink do SelectDB.

      A cláusula WITH na instrução a seguir especifica a configuração para o SelectDB. Para mais informações sobre os parâmetros, consulte Parâmetros do Sink.

      CREATE TABLE employees_sink (
          emp_no       INT ,
          birth_date   DATE,
          first_name   STRING,
          last_name    STRING,
          gender       STRING,
          hire_date    DATE
      ) 
      WITH (
        'connector' = 'doris',
        'fenodes' = 'selectdb-cn-****.selectdbfe.rds.aliyuncs.com:8080',
        'table.identifier' = 'test.employees',
        'username' = 'admin',
        'password' = '****'
      );

   3. Sincronize dados da tabela de origem MySQL para a tabela sink do SelectDB.

      INSERT INTO employees_sink SELECT * FROM employees_source;

3. Verifique a importação de dados.

   Conecte-se ao SelectDB e execute a seguinte instrução para visualizar os dados importados.

   SELECT * FROM test.employees;

Importar com Flink CDC

Use o Flink CDC para importar dados no SelectDB.

Para executar um job do Flink CDC, utilize o programa flink no diretório de instalação do Flink. A sintaxe é a seguinte:

<FLINK_HOME>/bin/flink run \
    -Dexecution.checkpointing.interval=10s \
    -Dparallelism.default=1 \
    -c org.apache.doris.flink.tools.cdc.CdcTools \
    lib/flink-doris-connector-1.16-1.5.2.jar \
    <mysql-sync-database|oracle-sync-database|postgres-sync-database|sqlserver-sync-database> \
    --database <selectdb-database-name> \
    [--job-name <flink-job-name>] \
    [--table-prefix <selectdb-table-prefix>] \
    [--table-suffix <selectdb-table-suffix>] \
    [--including-tables <mysql-table-name|name-regular-expr>] \
    [--excluding-tables <mysql-table-name|name-regular-expr>] \
    --mysql-conf <mysql-cdc-source-conf> [--mysql-conf <mysql-cdc-source-conf> ...] \
    --oracle-conf <oracle-cdc-source-conf> [--oracle-conf <oracle-cdc-source-conf> ...] \
    --sink-conf <doris-sink-conf> [--table-conf <doris-sink-conf> ...] \
    [--table-conf <selectdb-table-conf> [--table-conf <selectdb-table-conf> ...]]

<FLINK_HOME>/bin/flink run \
    -Dexecution.checkpointing.interval=10s \
    -Dparallelism.default=1 \
    -c org.apache.doris.flink.tools.cdc.CdcTools \
    lib/flink-doris-connector-1.16-1.5.2.jar \
    mysql-sync-database \
    --database test \
    --mysql-conf hostname=127.0.0.1 \
    --mysql-conf port=3306 \
    --mysql-conf username=root \
    --mysql-conf password="password" \
    --mysql-conf database-name=test \
    --including-tables "employees" \
    --sink-conf fenodes=selectdb-cn-****.selectdbfe.rds.aliyuncs.com:8080 \
    --sink-conf username=admin \
    --sink-conf password=****

<FLINK_HOME>/bin/flink run \
    -Dexecution.checkpointing.interval=10s \
    -Dparallelism.default=1 \
    -c org.apache.doris.flink.tools.cdc.CdcTools \
    lib/flink-doris-connector-1.16-1.5.2.jar \
    oracle-sync-database \
    --database test_db \
    --oracle-conf hostname=127.0.0.1 \
    --oracle-conf port=1521 \
    --oracle-conf username=admin \
    --oracle-conf password="password" \
    --oracle-conf database-name=XE \
    --oracle-conf schema-name=ADMIN \
    --including-tables "tbl1|test.*" \
    --sink-conf fenodes=selectdb-cn-****.selectdbfe.rds.aliyuncs.com:8080 \
    --sink-conf username=admin \
    --sink-conf password=****

<FLINK_HOME>/bin/flink run \
    -Dexecution.checkpointing.interval=10s \
    -Dparallelism.default=1 \
    -c org.apache.doris.flink.tools.cdc.CdcTools \
    lib/flink-doris-connector-1.16-1.5.2.jar \
    postgres-sync-database \
    --database db1\
    --postgres-conf hostname=127.0.0.1 \
    --postgres-conf port=5432 \
    --postgres-conf username=postgres \
    --postgres-conf password="123456" \
    --postgres-conf database-name=postgres \
    --postgres-conf schema-name=public \
    --postgres-conf slot.name=test \
    --postgres-conf decoding.plugin.name=pgoutput \
    --including-tables "tbl1|test.*" \
    --sink-conf fenodes=selectdb-cn-****.selectdbfe.rds.aliyuncs.com:8080 \
    --sink-conf username=admin \
    --sink-conf password=****

<FLINK_HOME>/bin/flink run \
    -Dexecution.checkpointing.interval=10s \
    -Dparallelism.default=1 \
    -c org.apache.doris.flink.tools.cdc.CdcTools \
    lib/flink-doris-connector-1.16-1.5.2.jar \
    sqlserver-sync-database \
    --database db1\
    --sqlserver-conf hostname=127.0.0.1 \
    --sqlserver-conf port=1433 \
    --sqlserver-conf username=sa \
    --sqlserver-conf password="123456" \
    --sqlserver-conf database-name=CDC_DB \
    --sqlserver-conf schema-name=dbo \
    --including-tables "tbl1|test.*" \
    --sink-conf fenodes=selectdb-cn-****.selectdbfe.rds.aliyuncs.com:8080 \
    --sink-conf username=admin \
    --sink-conf password=****

Importar com a API DataStream

1. Adicione as seguintes dependências ao seu projeto Maven.

   Dependências Maven

   <properties>
           <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
           <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
           <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
           <scala.version>2.12</scala.version>
           <java.version>1.8</java.version>
           <flink.version>1.16.3</flink.version>
           <fastjson.version>1.2.62</fastjson.version>
           <scope.mode>compile</scope.mode>
       </properties>
       <dependencies>
           <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/com.google.guava/guava -->
           <dependency>
               <groupId>com.google.guava</groupId>
               <artifactId>guava</artifactId>
               <version>28.1-jre</version>
           </dependency>
   
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
               <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
               <version>3.14.0</version>
           </dependency>
   
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.apache.doris</groupId>
               <artifactId>flink-doris-connector-1.16</artifactId>
               <version>1.5.2</version>
           </dependency>
   
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
               <artifactId>flink-table-api-scala-bridge_${scala.version}</artifactId>
               <version>${flink.version}</version>
           </dependency>
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
               <artifactId>flink-table-planner_${scala.version}</artifactId>
               <version>${flink.version}</version>
           </dependency>
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
               <artifactId>flink-streaming-scala_${scala.version}</artifactId>
               <version>${flink.version}</version>
           </dependency>
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
               <artifactId>flink-clients</artifactId>
               <version>${flink.version}</version>
           </dependency>
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
               <artifactId>flink-connector-jdbc</artifactId>
               <version>${flink.version}</version>
           </dependency>
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
               <artifactId>flink-connector-kafka</artifactId>
               <version>${flink.version}</version>
           </dependency>
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.apache.doris</groupId>
               <artifactId>flink-doris-connector-1.16</artifactId>
               <version>1.5.2</version>
           </dependency>
   
           <dependency>
               <groupId>com.ververica</groupId>
               <artifactId>flink-sql-connector-mysql-cdc</artifactId>
               <version>2.4.2</version>
               <exclusions>
                   <exclusion>
                       <artifactId>flink-shaded-guava</artifactId>
                       <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
                   </exclusion>
               </exclusions>
           </dependency>
   
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.apache.flink</groupId>
               <artifactId>flink-runtime-web</artifactId>
               <version>${flink.version}</version>
           </dependency>
   
       </dependencies>

2. Código Java principal.

   O código a seguir configura a tabela de origem MySQL e a tabela sink do ApsaraDB for SelectDB. Os parâmetros correspondem aos usados na seção Importar dados usando Flink SQL. Para mais informações, consulte MySQL | Apache Flink CDC e Parâmetros do Sink.

   package org.example;
   
   import com.ververica.cdc.connectors.mysql.source.MySqlSource;
   import com.ververica.cdc.connectors.mysql.table.StartupOptions;
   import com.ververica.cdc.connectors.shaded.org.apache.kafka.connect.json.JsonConverterConfig;
   import com.ververica.cdc.debezium.JsonDebeziumDeserializationSchema;
   
   import org.apache.doris.flink.cfg.DorisExecutionOptions;
   import org.apache.doris.flink.cfg.DorisOptions;
   import org.apache.doris.flink.sink.DorisSink;
   import org.apache.doris.flink.sink.writer.serializer.JsonDebeziumSchemaSerializer;
   import org.apache.doris.flink.tools.cdc.mysql.DateToStringConverter;
   import org.apache.flink.api.common.eventtime.WatermarkStrategy;
   import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.datastream.DataStreamSource;
   import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.environment.StreamExecutionEnvironment;
   
   import java.util.HashMap;
   import java.util.Map;
   import java.util.Properties;
   
   public class Main {
       public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
           StreamExecutionEnvironment env = StreamExecutionEnvironment.getExecutionEnvironment();
           env.setParallelism(1);
           env.enableCheckpointing(10000);
   
           Map<String, Object> customConverterConfigs = new HashMap<>();
           customConverterConfigs.put(JsonConverterConfig.DECIMAL_FORMAT_CONFIG, "numeric");
           JsonDebeziumDeserializationSchema schema =
                   new JsonDebeziumDeserializationSchema(false, customConverterConfigs);
           
           // Configure the MySQL source table
           MySqlSource<String> mySqlSource = MySqlSource.<String>builder()
                   .hostname("rm-xxx.mysql.rds.aliyuncs***")
                   .port(3306)
                   .startupOptions(StartupOptions.initial())
                   .databaseList("db_test")
                   .tableList("db_test.employees")
                   .username("root")
                   .password("test_123")
                   .debeziumProperties(DateToStringConverter.DEFAULT_PROPS)
                   .deserializer(schema)
                   .serverTimeZone("Asia/Shanghai")
                   .build();
   
           // Configure the ApsaraDB for SelectDB sink table
           DorisSink.Builder<String> sinkBuilder = DorisSink.builder();
           DorisOptions.Builder dorisBuilder = DorisOptions.builder();
           dorisBuilder.setFenodes("selectdb-cn-xxx-public.selectdbfe.rds.aliyunc****:8080")
                   .setTableIdentifier("db_test.employees")
                   .setUsername("admin")
                   .setPassword("test_123");
           DorisOptions dorisOptions = dorisBuilder.build();
   
           // Configure Stream Load parameters with sink.properties
           Properties properties = new Properties();
           properties.setProperty("format", "json");
           properties.setProperty("read_json_by_line", "true");
           DorisExecutionOptions.Builder executionBuilder = DorisExecutionOptions.builder();
           executionBuilder.setStreamLoadProp(properties);
   
           sinkBuilder.setDorisExecutionOptions(executionBuilder.build())
                   .setSerializer(JsonDebeziumSchemaSerializer.builder().setDorisOptions(dorisOptions).build()) // Serialize the data stream.
                   .setDorisOptions(dorisOptions);
   
           DataStreamSource<String> dataStreamSource = env.fromSource(mySqlSource, WatermarkStrategy.noWatermarks(), "MySQL Source");
           dataStreamSource.sinkTo(sinkBuilder.build());
           env.execute("MySQL to SelectDB");
       }
   }

Atualizar colunas parciais com Flink SQL

-- enable checkpoint
SET 'execution.checkpointing.interval' = '10s';

CREATE TABLE cdc_mysql_source (
   id INT
  ,name STRING
  ,bank STRING
  ,age INT
  ,PRIMARY KEY (id) NOT ENFORCED
) WITH (
 'connector' = 'mysql-cdc',
 'hostname' = '127.0.0.1',
 'port' = '3306',
 'username' = 'root',
 'password' = 'password',
 'database-name' = 'database',
 'table-name' = 'table'
);

CREATE TABLE selectdb_sink (
    id INT,
    name STRING,
    bank STRING,
    age INT
) 
WITH (
  'connector' = 'doris',
  'fenodes' = 'selectdb-cn-****.selectdbfe.rds.aliyuncs.com:8080',
  'table.identifier' = 'database.table',
  'username' = 'admin',
  'password' = '****',
  'sink.properties.format' = 'json',
  'sink.properties.read_json_by_line' = 'true',
  'sink.properties.columns' = 'id,name,bank,age',
  'sink.properties.partial_columns' = 'true' -- Enable partial column updates.
);

INSERT INTO selectdb_sink SELECT id,name,bank,age FROM cdc_mysql_source;

Usar Flink SQL para excluir dados por coluna

Em cenários de CDC, o sink do Doris identifica o tipo de evento a partir de RowKind e atribui um valor à coluna oculta __DORIS_DELETE_SIGN__ para realizar exclusões. Quando a fonte de dados são mensagens do Kafka, o sink não consegue usar RowKind para determinar o tipo de operação. Em vez disso, ele deve confiar em um campo específico dentro da mensagem, como {"op_type":"delete",data:{...}}. Para excluir dados onde op_type é 'delete', você deve passar explicitamente um valor para a coluna oculta com base na sua lógica de negócios. O exemplo de Flink SQL a seguir mostra como excluir dados no Alibaba Cloud SelectDB com base em um campo específico nos dados do Kafka.

-- Example message: {"op_type":"delete",data:{"id":1,"name":"zhangsan"}}
CREATE TABLE KAFKA_SOURCE(
  data STRING,
  op_type STRING
) WITH (
  'connector' = 'kafka',
  ...
);

CREATE TABLE SELECTDB_SINK(
  id INT,
  name STRING,
  __DORIS_DELETE_SIGN__ INT
) WITH (
  'connector' = 'doris',
  'fenodes' = 'selectdb-cn-****.selectdbfe.rds.aliyuncs.com:8080',
  'table.identifier' = 'db.table',
  'username' = 'admin',
  'password' = '****',
  'sink.enable-delete' = 'false',        -- A value of false indicates that the event type is not inferred from RowKind.
  'sink.properties.columns' = 'id, name, __DORIS_DELETE_SIGN__'  -- Explicitly specify the columns for the Stream Load import.
);

INSERT INTO SELECTDB_SINK
SELECT json_value(data,'$.id') as id,
json_value(data,'$.name') as name, 
if(op_type='delete',1,0) as __DORIS_DELETE_SIGN__ 
FROM KAFKA_SOURCE;