Object Storage Service:Upload multipart (Python SDK V1)

Observações

• Este tópico utiliza o endpoint público da região China (Hangzhou). Para acessar o OSS a partir de outros serviços da Alibaba Cloud na mesma região, use um endpoint interno. Para mais informações sobre regiões e endpoints do OSS, consulte Regiões e endpoints.

• As credenciais de acesso neste tópico são obtidas de variáveis de ambiente. Para saber como configurar credenciais de acesso, consulte Configurar credenciais de acesso (Python SDK V1).

• Este tópico demonstra a criação de uma instância OSSClient com um endpoint do OSS. Para configurações alternativas, como uso de domínio personalizado ou autenticação com credenciais do Security Token Service (STS), consulte Inicialização.

• O processo de upload multipart (InitiateMultipartUpload, UploadPart e CompleteMultipartUpload) exige a permissão oss:PutObject. Consulte Conceder permissões personalizadas a um usuário RAM.

Processo de upload multipart

O upload multipart consiste em três etapas:

1. Inicialize um evento de upload multipart.

   Chame bucket.init_multipart_upload para obter um uploadId globalmente único.

2. Envie as partes.

   Chame bucket.upload_part para enviar cada parte.

   Nota

   • Para um determinado uploadId, o número da parte identifica sua posição no arquivo. O envio de uma parte com o mesmo número sobrescreve os dados existentes.

   • O OSS retorna o hash MD5 dos dados da parte recebida no cabeçalho de resposta ETag.

   • O OSS compara o hash MD5 dos dados enviados com o hash MD5 calculado pelo SDK. Em caso de divergência, o sistema retorna o código de erro InvalidDigest.

3. Conclua o upload multipart.

   Após o envio de todas as partes, chame bucket.complete_multipart_upload para combiná-las em um objeto completo.

Exemplos completos de upload multipart

Combine as partes enviadas em um objeto completo de duas formas:

• Combinação de partes mediante passagem das informações no corpo da requisição

  # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
  import os
  from oss2 import SizedFileAdapter, determine_part_size
  from oss2.models import PartInfo
  import oss2
  from oss2.credentials import EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider
  
  # Obtain access credentials from environment variables. Before running this code, make sure you have set the OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET environment variables.
  auth = oss2.ProviderAuthV4(EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
  
  # Set Endpoint to the endpoint of the region where the bucket is located. For example, for a bucket in the China (Hangzhou) region, set Endpoint to https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com.
  endpoint = "https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com"
  
  # Set region to the region ID that corresponds to the endpoint, for example, cn-hangzhou. Note: This parameter is required for SignatureV4.
  region = "cn-hangzhou"
  
  # Set yourBucketName to the name of your bucket.
  bucket = oss2.Bucket(auth, endpoint, "yourBucketName", region=region)
  
  # Set key to the full path of the object. The path cannot include the bucket name. Example: exampledir/exampleobject.txt.
  key = 'exampledir/exampleobject.txt'
  # Set filename to the full path of the local file. Example: D:\\localpath\\examplefile.txt.
  filename = 'D:\\localpath\\examplefile.txt'
  
  total_size = os.path.getsize(filename)
  # The determine_part_size method determines the part size. The minimum part size is 100 KB, and the maximum is 5 GB. The last part can be smaller than 100 KB. This example sets the part size to 1 MB.
  part_size = determine_part_size(total_size, preferred_size=1 * 1024 * 1024)
  
  # Initialize the multipart upload.
  # To set headers when you initialize the multipart upload, set the relevant headers in init_multipart_upload as shown below.
  # headers = dict()
  # Specify the web page caching behavior for the object.
  # headers['Cache-Control'] = 'no-cache'
  # Specify the name of the object when it is downloaded.
  # headers['Content-Disposition'] = 'oss_MultipartUpload.txt'
  # Specify the expiration time in milliseconds.
  # headers['Expires'] = '1000'
  # Specify whether to overwrite an object that has the same name when you initialize the multipart upload. Here, it is set to true, which prohibits overwriting.
  # headers['x-oss-forbid-overwrite'] = 'true'
  # Specify the server-side encryption method for each part of the object.
  # headers[OSS_SERVER_SIDE_ENCRYPTION] = SERVER_SIDE_ENCRYPTION_KMS
  # Specify the encryption algorithm for the object. If this is not specified, AES256 is used.
  # headers[OSS_SERVER_SIDE_DATA_ENCRYPTION] = SERVER_SIDE_ENCRYPTION_KMS
  # The customer master key (CMK) managed by KMS.
  # headers[OSS_SERVER_SIDE_ENCRYPTION_KEY_ID] = '9468da86-3509-4f8d-a61e-6eab1eac****'
  # Specify the storage class of the object.
  # headers['x-oss-storage-class'] = oss2.BUCKET_STORAGE_CLASS_STANDARD
  # Specify object tags. You can set multiple tags.
  # headers[OSS_OBJECT_TAGGING] = 'k1=v1&k2=v2&k3=v3'
  # upload_id = bucket.init_multipart_upload(key, headers=headers).upload_id
  upload_id = bucket.init_multipart_upload(key).upload_id
  # Use the upload_id to cancel the multipart upload event or list uploaded parts.
  # To cancel a multipart upload event by uploadId, get the uploadId after you call InitiateMultipartUpload.
  # To list uploaded parts by uploadId, get the uploadId after you call InitiateMultipartUpload and before you call CompleteMultipartUpload.
  # print("UploadID:", upload_id)
  parts = []
  
  # Upload parts one by one.
  with open(filename, 'rb') as fileobj:
      part_number = 1
      offset = 0
      while offset < total_size:
          num_to_upload = min(part_size, total_size - offset)
          # The SizedFileAdapter(fileobj, size) method generates a new file object and recalculates the starting position for appending.
          result = bucket.upload_part(key, upload_id, part_number,
                                      SizedFileAdapter(fileobj, num_to_upload))
          parts.append(PartInfo(part_number, result.etag))
  
          offset += num_to_upload
          part_number += 1
  
  # Complete the multipart upload.
  # To set headers when you complete the multipart upload, see the following sample code.
  headers = dict()
  # Set the access control list (ACL) for the file. Here, it is set to OBJECT_ACL_PRIVATE, which means private.
  # headers["x-oss-object-acl"] = oss2.OBJECT_ACL_PRIVATE
  bucket.complete_multipart_upload(key, upload_id, parts, headers=headers)
  # bucket.complete_multipart_upload(key, upload_id, parts)

  Importante

  Se as condições de rede forem favoráveis, aumente o tamanho da parte. Caso contrário, diminua-o.

• Combinação de partes mediante listagem dos dados no servidor

  Nota

  Antes de usar este método, certifique-se de ter enviado várias partes com o upload_id especificado no código a seguir.

  # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
  import oss2
  from oss2.credentials import EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider
  # Obtain access credentials from environment variables. Before running this code, make sure you have set the OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET environment variables.
  auth = oss2.ProviderAuthV4(EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
  
  # Set Endpoint to the endpoint of the region where the bucket is located. For example, for a bucket in the China (Hangzhou) region, set Endpoint to https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com.
  endpoint = "https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com"
  
  # Set region to the region ID that corresponds to the endpoint, for example, cn-hangzhou. Note: This parameter is required for SignatureV4.
  region = "cn-hangzhou"
  
  # Set yourBucketName to the name of your bucket.
  bucket = oss2.Bucket(auth, endpoint, "yourBucketName", region=region)
  
  # Set key to the full path of the object. The path cannot include the bucket name. Example: exampledir/exampleobject.txt.
  key = 'exampledir/exampleobject.txt'
  # Set filename to the full path of the local file. Example: D:\\localpath\\examplefile.txt.
  filename = 'D:\\localpath\\examplefile.txt'
  # Set upload_id. Get the upload_id after you call InitiateMultipartUpload and before you call CompleteMultipartUpload.
  upload_id = '0004B9894A22E5B1888A1E29F823****'
  
  # Complete the multipart upload.
  # To set the file ACL when you complete the multipart upload, set the relevant headers in the complete_multipart_upload function as shown below.
  headers = dict()
  # headers["x-oss-object-acl"] = oss2.OBJECT_ACL_PRIVATE
  # If you set x-oss-complete-all to yes, OSS lists all parts that have been uploaded with the current uploadId, sorts them by part number, and then runs the CompleteMultipartUpload operation.
  # If you set x-oss-complete-all to yes, you cannot specify a body. Otherwise, an error is returned.
  headers["x-oss-complete-all"] = 'yes'
  bucket.complete_multipart_upload(key, upload_id, None, headers=headers)

Cancele um evento de upload multipart

Chame bucket.abort_multipart_upload para cancelar um upload multipart. Após o cancelamento, o uploadId torna-se inválido e as partes enviadas são excluídas.

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import os
import oss2
from oss2.credentials import EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider

# Obtain access credentials from environment variables. Before running this code, make sure you have set the OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET environment variables.
auth = oss2.ProviderAuthV4(EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())

# Set Endpoint to the endpoint of the region where the bucket is located. For example, for a bucket in the China (Hangzhou) region, set Endpoint to https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com.
endpoint = "https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com"

# Set region to the region ID that corresponds to the endpoint, for example, cn-hangzhou. Note: This parameter is required for SignatureV4.
region = "cn-hangzhou"

# Set yourBucketName to the name of your bucket.
bucket = oss2.Bucket(auth, endpoint, "yourBucketName", region=region)

# Set key to the full path of the object. The path cannot include the bucket name. Example: exampledir/exampleobject.txt.
key = 'exampledir/exampleobject.txt'
# Set upload_id. The upload_id is returned after you call InitiateMultipartUpload.
upload_id = 'yourUploadId'

# Cancel the multipart upload event for the specified upload_id. The uploaded parts will be deleted.
bucket.abort_multipart_upload(key, upload_id)

Listar partes enviadas

O código a seguir lista as partes enviadas:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import os
import oss2
from oss2.credentials import EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider

# Obtain access credentials from environment variables. Before running this code, make sure you have set the OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET environment variables.
auth = oss2.ProviderAuthV4(EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())

# Set Endpoint to the endpoint of the region where the bucket is located. For example, for a bucket in the China (Hangzhou) region, set Endpoint to https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com.
endpoint = "https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com"

# Set region to the region ID that corresponds to the endpoint, for example, cn-hangzhou. Note: This parameter is required for SignatureV4.
region = "cn-hangzhou"

# Set yourBucketName to the name of your bucket.
bucket = oss2.Bucket(auth, endpoint, "yourBucketName", region=region)

# Set key to the full path of the object. The path cannot include the bucket name. Example: exampledir/exampleobject.txt.
key = 'exampledir/exampleobject.txt'
# Set upload_id. Get the upload_id after you call InitiateMultipartUpload and before you call CompleteMultipartUpload.
upload_id = 'yourUploadId'

# List information about the parts uploaded with the specified upload_id.
for part_info in oss2.PartIterator(bucket, key, upload_id):
    print('part_number:', part_info.part_number)
    print('etag:', part_info.etag)
    print('size:', part_info.size)

Listar eventos de upload multipart

• Listar eventos de upload multipart de um objeto específico

  O código a seguir lista os eventos de upload multipart de um objeto específico:

  # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
  import os
  import oss2
  from oss2.credentials import EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider
  
  # Obtain access credentials from environment variables. Before running this code, make sure you have set the OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET environment variables.
  auth = oss2.ProviderAuthV4(EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
  
  # Set Endpoint to the endpoint of the region where the bucket is located. For example, for a bucket in the China (Hangzhou) region, set Endpoint to https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com.
  endpoint = "https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com"
  
  # Set region to the region ID that corresponds to the endpoint, for example, cn-hangzhou. Note: This parameter is required for SignatureV4.
  region = "cn-hangzhou"
  
  # Set yourBucketName to the name of your bucket.
  bucket = oss2.Bucket(auth, endpoint, "yourBucketName", region=region)
  
  # Set key to the full path of the object. The path cannot include the bucket name. Example: exampledir/exampleobject.txt.
  key = 'exampledir/exampleobject.txt'
  
  # List all multipart upload events for the object. Each call to init_multipart_upload for the same object returns a different upload_id.
  # Each upload_id corresponds to one multipart upload event.
  for upload_info in oss2.ObjectUploadIterator(bucket, key):
      print('key:', upload_info.key)
      print('upload_id:', upload_info.upload_id)

• Listar todos os eventos de upload multipart em um bucket

  O código a seguir lista todos os eventos de upload multipart em um bucket:

  # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
  import os
  import oss2
  from oss2.credentials import EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider
  
  # An AccessKey pair of an Alibaba Cloud account has permissions on all API operations. This poses a high security risk. We strongly recommend that you create and use a RAM user for API access or routine O&M. To create a RAM user, log on to the RAM console.
  auth = oss2.ProviderAuthV4(EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
  
  # Set Endpoint to the endpoint of the region where the bucket is located. For example, for a bucket in the China (Hangzhou) region, set Endpoint to https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com.
  endpoint = "https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com"
  
  # Set region to the region ID that corresponds to the endpoint, for example, cn-hangzhou. Note: This parameter is required for SignatureV4.
  region = "cn-hangzhou"
  
  # Set yourBucketName to the name of your bucket.
  bucket = oss2.Bucket(auth, endpoint, "yourBucketName", region=region)
  
  # List all multipart upload events in the bucket.
  for upload_info in oss2.MultipartUploadIterator(bucket):
      print('key:', upload_info.key)
      print('upload_id:', upload_info.upload_id)

• Listar eventos de upload multipart por prefixo

  O código a seguir lista eventos de upload multipart de objetos com um prefixo específico:

  # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
  import os
  import oss2
  from oss2.credentials import EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider
  # An AccessKey pair of an Alibaba Cloud account has permissions on all API operations. This poses a high security risk. We strongly recommend that you create and use a RAM user for API access or routine O&M. To create a RAM user, log on to the RAM console.
  auth = oss2.ProviderAuthV4(EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())
  
  # Set Endpoint to the endpoint of the region where the bucket is located. For example, for a bucket in the China (Hangzhou) region, set Endpoint to https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com.
  endpoint = "https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com"
  
  # Set region to the region ID that corresponds to the endpoint, for example, cn-hangzhou. Note: This parameter is required for SignatureV4.
  region = "cn-hangzhou"
  
  # Set yourBucketName to the name of your bucket.
  bucket = oss2.Bucket(auth, endpoint, "yourBucketName", region=region)
  
  # List multipart upload events for objects in the bucket that have the 'test' prefix.
  for upload_info in oss2.MultipartUploadIterator(bucket, prefix='test'):
      print('key:', upload_info.key)
      print('upload_id:', upload_info.upload_id)

Perguntas frequentes

Referências

• Um upload multipart envolve três operações de API:

  • Inicializar um upload multipart: InitiateMultipartUpload.

  • Enviar uma parte: UploadPart.

  • Concluir um upload multipart: CompleteMultipartUpload.

• Cancelar um upload multipart: AbortMultipartUpload.

• Listar partes enviadas: ListParts.

• Listar uploads multipart em andamento: ListMultipartUploads.