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Alibaba Cloud Service Mesh:Use AverageLatencySchedulingPolicy para implementar o agendamento de requisições baseado em prioridade

Última atualização: Jun 28, 2026

O conjunto de agendamento de tráfego do Service Mesh (ASM) oferece suporte a políticas de agendamento de requisições baseadas em prioridade. Quando o sistema está sobrecarregado, as requisições de alta prioridade são processadas primeiro. Utilize a AverageLatencySchedulingPolicy para priorizar requisições com base em níveis de prioridade configuráveis.

Informações básicas

Uma política de agendamento de requisições baseada em prioridade compara a latência em tempo real com a média histórica para detectar sobrecarga de tráfego e utiliza mecanismos de token bucket e prioridade para agendar as requisições. O fluxo de trabalho é o seguinte:

  1. Detecção de sobrecarga: esta política compara a latência média no período anterior com a latência atual para determinar se o sistema está sobrecarregado.

  2. Ajuste da taxa de emissão de tokens: caso ocorra uma sobrecarga, os dados de monitoramento obtidos na etapa anterior são enviados a um controlador dedicado, que regula a taxa de preenchimento do token bucket.

  3. Agendamento de requisições: diferentes requisições possuem prioridades distintas. Durante uma sobrecarga, requisições com prioridades mais altas têm maior probabilidade de obter tokens.

Esta política coloca as requisições em fila quando os serviços estão congestionados devido à alta concorrência e ao aumento das latências de resposta. Diferentemente das políticas padrão de limitação, que rejeitam requisições diretamente, esta política as insere em uma fila de prioridades. O mecanismo de token bucket limita a taxa de requisições, e a ordem de processamento é ajustada conforme os níveis de prioridade.

Pré-requisitos

Etapa 1: Crie a AverageLatencySchedulingPolicy

  1. Use kubectl para conectar-se à instância do ASM. Para mais informações, consulte Acessar recursos do Istio com kubectl.

  2. Crie um arquivo AverageLatencySchedulingPolicy.yaml com o seguinte conteúdo:

    apiVersion: istio.alibabacloud.com/v1
    kind: AverageLatencySchedulingPolicy
    metadata:
      name: workload-prioritization
      namespace: istio-system
    spec:
      load_scheduling_core:
        aimd_load_scheduler:
          load_scheduler:
            workload_latency_based_tokens: true
            selectors:
              - service: httpbin.default.svc.cluster.local
            scheduler:
              workloads:
                - label_matcher:
                    match_labels:
                      http.request.header.user_type: "guest"
                  parameters:
                    priority: 50.0
                  name: "guest"
                - label_matcher:
                    match_labels:
                      http.request.header.user_type: "subscriber"
                  parameters:
                    priority: 200.0
                  name: "subscriber"
                  

    A tabela a seguir descreve alguns dos campos.

    Campo

    Descrição

    workload_latency_based_tokens

    Indica se o número de tokens deve ser ajustado dinamicamente com base na latência média da carga de trabalho. A janela de tempo para estimar a latência média corresponde aos últimos 30 minutos.

    service

    O serviço no qual a política de agendamento entra em vigor.

    workloads

    Dois tipos de requisição são definidos com base no user_type nos cabeçalhos da requisição: guest e subscriber. A prioridade de uma requisição do tipo guest é 50, enquanto a do tipo subscriber é 200.

    Para mais informações sobre os campos suportados pela AverageLatencySchedulingPolicy, consulte Referência de campos da AverageLatencySchedulingPolicy.

Etapa 2: Execute testes

Neste exemplo, utiliza-se a ferramenta de teste de carga fortio. Para mais informações, consulte Instale o fortio.

Primeiro, simule requisições normais de serviço para estabelecer uma linha de base de latência média:

fortio load -c 20 -qps 100000 -t 60m http://${IP address of the ASM gateway}/status/200

Três minutos após executar o comando anterior, abra dois novos terminais e envie requisições de teste. Mantenha o processo do fortio em execução durante todo o teste e não feche seu terminal.

Nos dois terminais, execute os seguintes comandos de teste de carga. Inicie ambos os testes simultaneamente.

fortio load -c 40 -qps 100000  -H "user_type:guest" -t 3m http://${IP address of the ASM gateway}/status/201
fortio load -c 40 -qps 100000  -H "user_type:subscriber" -t 3m http://${IP address of the ASM gateway}/status/202

Os dois comandos usam caminhos de requisição diferentes para permitir a distinção dos resultados do teste nos logs de acesso.

Etapa 3: Analisar os resultados do teste

Os blocos de código a seguir mostram as últimas linhas da saída do teste no ambiente atual:

Code 201 : 26852 (97.8 %)
Code 503 : 601 (2.2 %)
Response Header Sizes : count 27453 avg 242.91564 +/- 36.35 min 0 max 249 sum 6668763
Response Body/Total Sizes : count 27453 avg 246.17754 +/- 14.56 min 149 max 249 sum 6758312
All done 27453 calls (plus 40 warmup) 262.318 ms avg, 152.4 qps
Code 202 : 52765 (100.0 %)
Response Header Sizes : count 52765 avg 248.86358 +/- 0.5951 min 248 max 250 sum 13131287
Response Body/Total Sizes : count 52765 avg 248.86358 +/- 0.5951 min 248 max 250 sum 13131287
All done 52765 calls (plus 40 warmup) 136.472 ms avg, 292.9 qps

Os resultados indicam que:

  • Todas as requisições do tipo subscriber foram bem-sucedidas, sem erros HTTP 503, enquanto 2,2% das requisições do tipo guest retornaram HTTP 503.

  • A latência média para requisições subscriber foi de aproximadamente 136 ms, comparada a cerca de 262 ms para requisições guest. As consultas por segundo (QPS) também diferiram significativamente entre os dois tipos de usuário.

Isso confirma que a AverageLatencySchedulingPolicy prioriza as requisições do tipo subscriber quando a latência aumenta.

Importante

Os resultados de teste neste tópico servem apenas como referência. Os dados reais dependem do seu ambiente. Aqui, analisam-se apenas as diferenças relativas entre os pontos de dados.

(Opcional) Etapa 4: Analisar os resultados do teste com base nos logs de acesso do gateway do ASM

  1. Faça login no console do ASM. No painel de navegação à esquerda, escolha Service Mesh > Mesh Management.

  2. Na página Mesh Management, clique em nome da instância do ASM. No painel de navegação à esquerda, escolha ASM Gateways > Ingress Gateway.

  3. Clique em nome do gateway do ASM para acessar a página Gateway overview. Em seguida, clique em Gateway Logs para visualizar os logs de acesso do gateway do ASM.

  4. Os caminhos de acesso dos usuários guest e subscriber são diferentes. Utilize esses caminhos para recuperar os resultados de acesso de cada usuário respectivamente:

image.png

image.png

Referências

É possível verificar se a AverageLatencySchedulingPolicy entrou em vigor no Grafana. Certifique-se de que a instância do Prometheus para o Grafana esteja configurada com o conjunto de agendamento de tráfego do ASM.

Importe o conteúdo a seguir para o Grafana a fim de criar um painel para a AverageLatencySchedulingPolicy.

Clique para ver detalhes

{
  "annotations": {
    "list": [
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        "builtIn": 1,
        "datasource": {
          "type": "grafana",
          "uid": "-- Grafana --"
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        "enable": true,
        "hide": true,
        "iconColor": "rgba(0, 211, 255, 1)",
        "name": "Annotations & Alerts",
        "type": "dashboard"
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  "liveNow": false,
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          "intervalFactor": 1,
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            "barAlignment": 0,
            "drawStyle": "line",
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            "gradientMode": "none",
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            },
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            "scaleDistribution": {
              "type": "linear"
            },
            "showPoints": "auto",
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            "stacking": {
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            "thresholdsStyle": {
              "mode": "off"
            }
          },
          "mappings": [],
          "thresholds": {
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                "color": "green",
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          },
          "unit": "ms"
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        "overrides": []
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      "gridPos": {
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        "x": 0,
        "y": 50
      },
      "id": 8,
      "interval": "10s",
      "options": {
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          "calcs": [],
          "displayMode": "list",
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      "targets": [
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          "datasource": {
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          "range": true,
          "refId": "A"
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      ],
      "title": "Request in Queue Duration",
      "type": "timeseries"
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      "datasource": {
        "type": "prometheus",
        "uid": "${datasource}"
      },
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            "axisGridShow": true,
            "axisLabel": "",
            "axisPlacement": "hidden",
            "fillOpacity": 80,
            "gradientMode": "none",
            "hideFrom": {
              "legend": false,
              "tooltip": false,
              "viz": false
            },
            "lineWidth": 1,
            "scaleDistribution": {
              "type": "linear"
            },
            "thresholdsStyle": {
              "mode": "off"
            }
          },
          "mappings": [],
          "thresholds": {
            "mode": "absolute",
            "steps": [
              {
                "color": "green",
                "value": null
              },
              {
                "color": "red",
                "value": 80
              }
            ]
          },
          "unit": "ms"
        },
        "overrides": []
      },
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 10,
        "w": 12,
        "x": 12,
        "y": 50
      },
      "id": 9,
      "options": {
        "barRadius": 0,
        "barWidth": 0.97,
        "colorByField": "",
        "fullHighlight": false,
        "groupWidth": 0.7,
        "legend": {
          "calcs": [],
          "displayMode": "list",
          "placement": "bottom",
          "showLegend": true
        },
        "orientation": "horizontal",
        "showValue": "auto",
        "stacking": "none",
        "tooltip": {
          "mode": "single",
          "sort": "sort"
        },
        "xTickLabelRotation": 0,
        "xTickLabelSpacing": 0
      },
      "pluginVersion": "v10.1.0",
      "targets": [
        {
          "datasource": {
            "type": "prometheus",
            "uid": "${datasource}"
          },
          "editorMode": "code",
          "expr": "topk(10, (sum by(workload_index, policy_name) (increase(request_in_queue_duration_ms_sum{component_id=\"root.0.4\"}[$__range])) ) / ((sum by(workload_index, policy_name) (increase(request_in_queue_duration_ms_count{component_id=\"root.0.4\"}[$__range])) )) != 0)",
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          "instant": true,
          "intervalFactor": 1,
          "legendFormat": "",
          "range": false,
          "refId": "A"
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      ],
      "title": "Request in Queue Duration",
      "type": "barchart"
    },
    {
      "datasource": {
        "type": "prometheus",
        "uid": "${datasource}"
      },
      "description": "",
      "fieldConfig": {
        "defaults": {
          "color": {
            "mode": "palette-classic"
          },
          "custom": {
            "axisCenteredZero": false,
            "axisColorMode": "text",
            "axisLabel": "Token Rate",
            "axisPlacement": "auto",
            "barAlignment": 0,
            "drawStyle": "line",
            "fillOpacity": 10,
            "gradientMode": "none",
            "hideFrom": {
              "legend": false,
              "tooltip": false,
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            "lineInterpolation": "linear",
            "lineWidth": 1,
            "pointSize": 5,
            "scaleDistribution": {
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            "showPoints": "auto",
            "spanNulls": false,
            "stacking": {
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              "mode": "none"
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            "thresholdsStyle": {
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          },
          "mappings": [],
          "thresholds": {
            "mode": "absolute",
            "steps": [
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                "color": "green",
                "value": null
              },
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                "value": 80
              }
            ]
          },
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        "overrides": []
      },
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 8,
        "w": 12,
        "x": 0,
        "y": 60
      },
      "id": 12,
      "interval": "10s",
      "options": {
        "legend": {
          "calcs": [],
          "displayMode": "list",
          "placement": "bottom",
          "showLegend": true
        },
        "tooltip": {
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          "sort": "none"
        }
      },
      "pluginVersion": "v10.1.0",
      "targets": [
        {
          "datasource": {
            "type": "prometheus",
            "uid": "${datasource}"
          },
          "editorMode": "code",
          "expr": "sum by (policy_name) (rate(incoming_tokens_total{component_id=\"root.0.4\"}[$__rate_interval]))",
          "intervalFactor": 1,
          "range": true,
          "refId": "A"
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      ],
      "title": "Incoming Token Rate",
      "type": "timeseries"
    },
    {
      "datasource": {
        "type": "prometheus",
        "uid": "${datasource}"
      },
      "description": "",
      "fieldConfig": {
        "defaults": {
          "color": {
            "mode": "palette-classic"
          },
          "custom": {
            "axisCenteredZero": false,
            "axisColorMode": "text",
            "axisLabel": "Token Rate",
            "axisPlacement": "auto",
            "barAlignment": 0,
            "drawStyle": "line",
            "fillOpacity": 10,
            "gradientMode": "none",
            "hideFrom": {
              "legend": false,
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            },
            "lineInterpolation": "linear",
            "lineWidth": 1,
            "pointSize": 5,
            "scaleDistribution": {
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            "showPoints": "auto",
            "spanNulls": false,
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            "thresholdsStyle": {
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          },
          "mappings": [],
          "thresholds": {
            "mode": "absolute",
            "steps": [
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                "value": null
              },
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                "value": 80
              }
            ]
          },
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        },
        "overrides": []
      },
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 8,
        "w": 12,
        "x": 12,
        "y": 60
      },
      "id": 13,
      "interval": "10s",
      "options": {
        "legend": {
          "calcs": [],
          "displayMode": "list",
          "placement": "bottom",
          "showLegend": true
        },
        "tooltip": {
          "mode": "single",
          "sort": "none"
        }
      },
      "pluginVersion": "v10.1.0",
      "targets": [
        {
          "datasource": {
            "type": "prometheus",
            "uid": "${datasource}"
          },
          "editorMode": "code",
          "expr": "sum by (policy_name) (rate(accepted_tokens_total{component_id=\"root.0.4\"}[$__rate_interval]))",
          "intervalFactor": 1,
          "legendFormat": "Accepted Token Rate",
          "range": true,
          "refId": "A"
        },
        {
          "datasource": {
            "type": "prometheus",
            "uid": "${datasource}"
          },
          "expr": "sum(rate(rejected_tokens_total{component_id=\"root.0.4\",policy_name=\"workload-prioritization\"}[$__rate_interval]))",
          "intervalFactor": 1,
          "legendFormat": "Rejected Token Rate",
          "refId": "B"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Accepted Token Rate vs Rejected Token Rate",
      "type": "timeseries"
    },
    {
      "datasource": {
        "type": "prometheus",
        "uid": "${datasource}"
      },
      "fieldConfig": {
        "defaults": {
          "color": {
            "mode": "thresholds"
          },
          "mappings": [],
          "noValue": "No data",
          "thresholds": {
            "mode": "absolute",
            "steps": [
              {
                "color": "blue",
                "value": null
              }
            ]
          },
          "unit": "short"
        },
        "overrides": []
      },
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 10,
        "w": 8,
        "x": 0,
        "y": 68
      },
      "id": 14,
      "options": {
        "colorMode": "value",
        "graphMode": "area",
        "justifyMode": "center",
        "orientation": "horizontal",
        "reduceOptions": {
          "calcs": [
            "lastNotNull"
          ],
          "fields": "",
          "values": false
        },
        "textMode": "auto"
      },
      "pluginVersion": "10.0.9",
      "targets": [
        {
          "datasource": {
            "type": "prometheus",
            "uid": "${datasource}"
          },
          "editorMode": "code",
          "expr": "sum by (policy_name) (increase(incoming_tokens_total{component_id=\"root.0.4\"}[$__range]))",
          "instant": false,
          "intervalFactor": 1,
          "legendFormat": "{{ instance }} - {{ policy_name }}",
          "range": true,
          "refId": "A"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Total Incoming Tokens",
      "type": "stat"
    },
    {
      "datasource": {
        "type": "prometheus",
        "uid": "${datasource}"
      },
      "fieldConfig": {
        "defaults": {
          "color": {
            "mode": "thresholds"
          },
          "mappings": [],
          "noValue": "No data",
          "thresholds": {
            "mode": "absolute",
            "steps": [
              {
                "color": "green",
                "value": null
              }
            ]
          },
          "unit": "short"
        },
        "overrides": []
      },
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 10,
        "w": 8,
        "x": 8,
        "y": 68
      },
      "id": 15,
      "options": {
        "colorMode": "value",
        "graphMode": "area",
        "justifyMode": "center",
        "orientation": "horizontal",
        "reduceOptions": {
          "calcs": [
            "lastNotNull"
          ],
          "fields": "",
          "values": false
        },
        "textMode": "auto"
      },
      "pluginVersion": "10.0.9",
      "targets": [
        {
          "datasource": {
            "type": "prometheus",
            "uid": "${datasource}"
          },
          "editorMode": "code",
          "expr": "sum by (policy_name) (increase(accepted_tokens_total{component_id=\"root.0.4\"}[$__range]))",
          "instant": false,
          "intervalFactor": 1,
          "legendFormat": "{{ instance }} - {{ policy_name }}",
          "range": true,
          "refId": "A"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Total Accepted Tokens",
      "type": "stat"
    },
    {
      "datasource": {
        "type": "prometheus",
        "uid": "${datasource}"
      },
      "fieldConfig": {
        "defaults": {
          "color": {
            "mode": "thresholds"
          },
          "mappings": [],
          "noValue": "No data",
          "thresholds": {
            "mode": "absolute",
            "steps": [
              {
                "color": "red",
                "value": null
              }
            ]
          },
          "unit": "short"
        },
        "overrides": []
      },
      "gridPos": {
        "h": 10,
        "w": 8,
        "x": 16,
        "y": 68
      },
      "id": 16,
      "options": {
        "colorMode": "value",
        "graphMode": "area",
        "justifyMode": "center",
        "orientation": "horizontal",
        "reduceOptions": {
          "calcs": [
            "lastNotNull"
          ],
          "fields": "",
          "values": false
        },
        "textMode": "auto"
      },
      "pluginVersion": "10.0.9",
      "targets": [
        {
          "datasource": {
            "type": "prometheus",
            "uid": "${datasource}"
          },
          "editorMode": "code",
          "expr": "sum by (policy_name) (increase(rejected_tokens_total{component_id=\"root.0.4\"}[$__range]))",
          "instant": false,
          "intervalFactor": 1,
          "legendFormat": "{{ instance }} - {{ policy_name }}",
          "range": true,
          "refId": "A"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Total Rejected Tokens",
      "type": "stat"
    }
  ],
  "refresh": "5s",
  "schemaVersion": 38,
  "style": "dark",
  "tags": [],
  "templating": {
    "list": [
      {
        "hide": 0,
        "includeAll": false,
        "label": "Data Source",
        "multi": false,
        "name": "datasource",
        "options": [],
        "query": "prometheus",
        "refresh": 1,
        "regex": "",
        "skipUrlSync": false,
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  },
  "time": {
    "from": "now-15m",
    "to": "now"
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  "timepicker": {},
  "timezone": "browser",
  "title": "Policy Summary - workload-prioritization",
  "version": 1,
  "weekStart": ""
}

O painel é apresentado a seguir.

image