Elastic Compute Service:Buat dan impor gambar on-premises dengan Packer

Buat dan impor gambar

Contoh ini menggunakan versi perangkat lunak berikut. Langkah-langkahnya mungkin berbeda tergantung pada versi perangkat lunak yang Anda gunakan.

• Sistem operasi server on-premises: Ubuntu 16.04

• Sistem operasi gambar target: CentOS 6.9

Langkah 1: Instal KVM

1. Periksa apakah server on-premises mendukung KVM:

   egrep "(svm|vmx)" /proc/cpuinfo

   Jika output berisi vmx atau svm, berarti server mendukung KVM.

   pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc art arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf tsc_known_freq pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch epb intel_pt tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid mpx rdseed adx smap clflushopt xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves dtherm ida arat pln pts hwp hwp_notify hwp_act_window hwp_epp
   flags        : fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov

2. Jika server mendukung KVM, instal KVM dan alat terkait:

   sudo apt-get update
   sudo apt-get install qemu-kvm qemu virt-manager virt-viewer  libvirt-bin bridge-utils

3. Verifikasi bahwa KVM telah terinstal.

   1. Verifikasi bahwa modul kernel KVM telah dimuat:

      sudo lsmod | grep kvm

      Jika modul telah dimuat, output akan berisi kvm dan kvm_intel atau kvm_amd.

   2. Verifikasi bahwa libvirt telah terinstal:

      sudo dpkg -l libvirt-bin

      Jika terinstal, output akan berisi libvirt-bin.

   3. Verifikasi bahwa QEMU telah terinstal:

      sudo dpkg -l qemu-kvm

      Jika terinstal, output akan berisi qemu-kvm.

   Jika ada output yang tidak sesuai harapan, instal ulang KVM.

Langkah 2: Instal Packer

Instal Packer pada server on-premises. Lihat bagian "Langkah 1: Instal Packer" dalam Buat custom image dengan Packer.

Langkah 3: Definisikan templat Packer

Contoh ini membuat gambar CentOS 6.9. Untuk membuat gambar sistem operasi lain, ubah templat centos.json. Lihat Buat templat Packer.

1. Ubah direktori kerja ke /usr/local:

   cd /usr/local

2. Unduh templat centos.json:

   sudo wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/hashicorp/packer-plugin-alicloud/main/builder/examples/local/centos.json

3. Unduh file kickstart ks.cfg:

   sudo wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/hashicorp/packer-plugin-alicloud/main/builder/examples/local/http/centos-6.8/ks.cfg

4. Buat direktori http/centos-6.9:

   sudo mkdir -p http/centos-6.9

5. Pindahkan file konfigurasi ks.cfg ke direktori http/centos-6.9.

   sudo mv ks.cfg http/centos-6.9/

Langkah 4: Buat dan impor gambar

1. Ekspor ID AccessKey Anda:

   export ALICLOUD_ACCESS_KEY=<AccessKey ID>

   Ganti <AccessKey ID> dengan ID AccessKey aktual Anda.

2. Ekspor rahasia AccessKey Anda:

   export ALICLOUD_SECRET_KEY=<AccessKey Secret>

   Ganti <AccessKey Secret> dengan rahasia AccessKey aktual Anda.

3. Buat gambar on-premises dan impor ke Alibaba Cloud:

   sudo packer build centos.json

   Output berikut menunjukkan bahwa gambar telah diimpor sebagai custom image ke wilayah China (Beijing).

   qemu output will be in this color.
    ==> qemu: Downloading or copying ISO
        qemu: Downloading or copying: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/6.9/isos/x86_64/CentOS-6.9-x86_64-minimal.iso
    ................................................
    ==> qemu: Running post-processor: alicloud-import
        qemu (alicloud-import): Deleting import source https://oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/packer/centos_x86_64
    Build 'qemu' finished.
    ==> Builds finished. The artifacts of successful builds are:
    --> qemu: Alicloud images were created:
    cn-beijing: XXXXXXXX

4. Buka ECS console - Images.

5. Pilih wilayah yang ditentukan dalam centos.json. Dalam contoh ini, pilih China (Beijing).

6. Pada tab Custom Images, verifikasi bahwa gambar CentOS 6.9 muncul.

Referensi templat Packer

{"variables": {
        "box_basename": "centos-6.9",
        "build_timestamp": "{{isotime \"20060102150405\"}}",
        "cpus": "1",
        "disk_size": "4096",
        "git_revision": "__unknown_git_revision__",
        "headless": "",
        "http_proxy": "{{env `http_proxy`}}",
        "https_proxy": "{{env `https_proxy`}}",
        "iso_checksum_type": "md5",
        "iso_checksum": "af4axxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx192a2",
        "iso_name": "CentOS-6.9-x86_64-minimal.iso",
        "ks_path": "centos-6.9/ks.cfg",
        "memory": "512",
        "metadata": "floppy/dummy_metadata.json",
        "mirror": "http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos",
        "mirror_directory": "6.9/isos/x86_64",
        "name": "centos-6.9",
        "no_proxy": "{{env `no_proxy`}}",
        "template": "centos-6.9-x86_64",
        "version": "2.1.TIMESTAMP"
      },
    "builders":[
        {
          "boot_command": [
            "<tab> text ks=http://{{ .HTTPIP }}:{{ .HTTPPort }}/{{user `ks_path`}}<enter><wait>"
          ],
          "boot_wait": "10s",
          "disk_size": "{{user `disk_size`}}",
          "headless": "{{ user `headless` }}",
          "http_directory": "http",
          "iso_checksum": "{{user `iso_checksum`}}",
          "iso_checksum_type": "{{user `iso_checksum_type`}}",
          "iso_url": "{{user `mirror`}}/{{user `mirror_directory`}}/{{user `iso_name`}}",
          "output_directory": "packer-{{user `template`}}-qemu",
          "shutdown_command": "echo 'vagrant'|sudo -S /sbin/halt -h -p",
          "ssh_password": "vagrant",
          "ssh_port": 22,
          "ssh_username": "root",
          "ssh_wait_timeout": "10000s",
          "type": "qemu",
          "vm_name": "{{ user `template` }}.raw",
          "net_device": "virtio-net",
          "disk_interface": "virtio",
          "format": "raw"
        }
      ],
    "provisioners": [{
          "type": "shell",
          "inline": [
                "sleep 30",
                "yum install cloud-util cloud-init -y"
              ]
        }],
      "post-processors":[
        {
          "type":"alicloud-import",
          "oss_bucket_name": "packer",
          "image_name": "packer_import",
          "image_os_type": "linux",
          "image_platform": "CentOS",
          "image_architecture": "x86_64",
          "image_system_size": "40",
          "region":"cn-beijing"
        }
      ]
}

Parameter builder QEMU

Parameter post-processor Packer