Topik ini menjelaskan cara mengirim email menggunakan PHP melalui protokol SMTP.
Kirim email menggunakan PHP melalui protokol SMTP
Metode 1: Gunakan dependensi eksternal phpmailer. Anda dapat mengunduh file berikut dari GitHub: PHPMailer.php, Exception.php, dan SMTP.php.
Ubah pengkodean Cina di PHPMailer.php:
public $CharSet = self::CHARSET_ISO88591;
Ubah menjadi:
public $CharSet = self::CHARSET_UTF8;
Contoh kode untuk mengirim email:
<?php
require 'PHPMailer.php';
require 'Exception.php';
require 'SMTP.php';
$mail = new PHPMailer(true);
try {
//Pengaturan server
$mail->CharSet='UTF-8';
$mail->SMTPDebug = SMTP::DEBUG_SERVER;
$mail->isSMTP();
$mail->Host = 'ssl://smtpdm.aliyun.com'; //Server Direct Mail
$mail->Port = 465; //Port
//$mail->Host = 'smtpdm.aliyun.com';
//$mail->Port = 80;
//$mail->SMTPSecure = PHPMailer::ENCRYPTION_STARTTLS; //Aktifkan enkripsi
$mail->SMTPAuth = true; //Otorisasi
$mail->Username = 'test***@example.net'; //Alamat pengirim
$mail->Password = '*******'; //Kata sandi SMTP
//Penerima
$mail->setFrom('test***@example.net', 'Mailer'); //Alamat pengirim yang ditampilkan. Anda dapat mengonfigurasi pengiriman atas nama alamat lain.
$mail->addAddress('test1***@example.net', 'name'); //Penerima dan nama panggilan
//$mail->addAddress('test1***@example.net'); //Nama panggilan bersifat opsional.
//$mail->addAddress('test2***@example.net', 'name2');//Untuk menambahkan beberapa penerima, tambahkan baris lainnya.
$mail->addReplyTo('test1***@example.net', 'Information');//Alamat balasan
$mail->addCC('test2***@example.net');//Penerima CC
$mail->addBCC('test3***@example.net');//Penerima BCC
// // JSON
// $createJson = [
// "Version" => "1.0",
// "Unsubscribe" => [
// "LinkType" => "default", // Kebijakan default
// "FilterLevel" => "mailfrom_domain" // Filter pada level domain email
// ],
// "OutboundIp" => [
// "IpPoolId" => "exxxxxxe-4xx0-4xx3-8xxa-7xxxxxxxxxxxxf" // Ganti dengan ID pool IP Anda
// ]
// ];
// // Konversi ke string JSON
// $jsonString = json_encode($createJson, JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES | JSON_UNESCAPED_UNICODE);
// // Encoding Base64
// $base64Trace = base64_encode($jsonString);
// // Tambahkan header pesan kustom
// $mail->addCustomHeader('X-AliDM-Settings', $base64Trace);
//Lampiran
//$mail->addAttachment('C:/Users/Documents/test.jpg'); //Tambahkan lampiran
$mail->addAttachment('C:/Users/Documents/test.jpg', 'new.jpg'); //Nama bersifat opsional.
//Konten
$mail->isHTML(true); //Format HTML
$mail->Subject = 'Uji subjek';
$mail->Body = 'Konten uji';
//$mail->AltBody = 'Ini adalah isi pesan dalam teks biasa untuk klien email non-HTML';
$mail->Sender = 'test***@example.net';
echo 'Pesan telah dikirim';
$mail->send();
echo 'Pesan telah dikirim';
} catch (Exception $e) {
echo "Pesan tidak dapat dikirim. Kesalahan Mailer: {$mail->ErrorInfo}";
}
?>Metode 2: Gunakan dependensi eksternal email.class.php
<?php
require 'email.class.php';
$mailto='Alamat penerima';
$mailsubject="Email uji";
$mailbody='Ini adalah isi email';
$smtpserver = "smtpdm.aliyun.com";
$smtpserverport = 80;
// $smtpserver= "ssl://smtpdm.aliyun.com";
// $smtpserverport = 465;
$smtpusermail = "Alamat pengirim";
// Akun pengirim, masukkan alamat pengirim yang dikonfigurasi di Konsol, seperti test***@@example.net
$smtpuser = "Akun pengirim";
// Kata sandi yang diperlukan saat mengakses layanan SMTP (diatur di Konsol dengan memilih alamat pengirim)
$smtppass = "***";
$mailsubject = "=?UTF-8?B?" . base64_encode($mailsubject) . "?=";
$mailtype = "HTML";
//Opsional, atur alamat balasan
$smtpreplyto = "***";
$smtp = new smtp($smtpserver, $smtpserverport, true, $smtpuser, $smtppass);
$smtp->debug = false;
$cc ="";
$bcc = "";
$additional_headers = "";
//Atur nama pengirim, pengguna dapat menyesuaikan nama.
$sender = "Pengirim";
$smtp->sendmail($mailto,$smtpusermail, $mailsubject, $mailbody, $mailtype, $cc, $bcc, $additional_headers, $sender, $smtpreplyto);
?>Konten email.class.php perlu dimodifikasi
$header .="Reply-To: ".$replyToAddress."\r\n";//di mana $replyToAddress adalah parameter $smtpreplyto
Catatan:
email.class.php adalah dependensi eksternal. Anda perlu mengunduhnya sendiri dari internet.
mailto: alamat email penerima.
smtpuser: alamat pengirim lengkap.
Contoh Referensi email.class.php
<?php
/**
* email smtp (mendukung php7)
*
*/
class Smtp
{
/* Variabel Publik */
public $smtp_port;
public $time_out;
public $host_name;
public $log_file;
public $relay_host;
public $debug;
public $auth;
public $user;
public $pass;
/* Variabel Pribadi */
private $sock;
/* Konstruktor */
function __construct($relay_host = "", $smtp_port = 80,$auth = false,$user,$pass)
{
$this->debug = FALSE;
$this->smtp_port = $smtp_port;
$this->relay_host = $relay_host;
$this->time_out = 30; //digunakan dalam fsockopen()
$this->auth = $auth;//auth
$this->user = $user;
$this->pass = $pass;
$this->host_name = "localhost"; //digunakan dalam perintah HELO
$this->log_file = "";
$this->sock = FALSE;
}
/* Fungsi Utama */
function sendmail($to, $from, $subject, $body, $mailtype, $cc, $bcc, $additional_headers, $fromUser, $replyToAddress)
{
$mail_from = $this->get_address($this->strip_comment($from));
$body = preg_replace("/(^|(\r\n))(\.)/", "\1.\3", $body);
$header = "MIME-Version:1.0\r\n";
if($mailtype=="HTML"){
$header .= "Content-Type:text/html; charset=utf-8\r\n";
}
$header .= "To: ".$to."\r\n";
if ($cc != "") {
$header .= "Cc: ".$cc."\r\n";
}
$header .= "From: $fromUser<".$from.">\r\n";
$header .= "Subject: ".$subject."\r\n";
$header .= "Reply-To: ".$replyToAddress."\r\n";
$header .= $additional_headers;
$header .= "Date: ".date("r")."\r\n";
$header .= "X-Mailer:By Redhat (PHP/".phpversion().")\r\n";
list($msec, $sec) = explode(" ", microtime());
$header .= "Message-ID: <".date("YmdHis", $sec).".".($msec*1000000).".".$mail_from.">\r\n";
// Untuk mengaktifkan fitur pelacakan email, gunakan kode berikut untuk mengatur tautan pelacakan di header pesan. Untuk informasi lebih lanjut tentang prasyarat dan batasan, lihat Aktifkan fitur pelacakan data.
//$header .= "Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable\r\n";
//$header .= "X-AliDM-Trace: ". base64_encode(json_encode(['TagName'=>'user_created_tag','OpenTrace'=>"1"]))."\r\n";
$TO = explode(",", $this->strip_comment($to));
if ($cc != "") {
$TO = array_merge($TO, explode(",", $this->strip_comment($cc)));
}
if ($bcc != "") {
$TO = array_merge($TO, explode(",", $this->strip_comment($bcc)));
}
$sent = TRUE;
foreach ($TO as $rcpt_to) {
$rcpt_to = $this->get_address($rcpt_to);
if (!$this->smtp_sockopen($rcpt_to)) {
$this->log_write("Kesalahan: Tidak dapat mengirim email ke ".$rcpt_to."\n");
$sent = FALSE;
continue;
}
if ($this->smtp_send($this->host_name, $mail_from, $rcpt_to, $header, $body)) {
$this->log_write("Email telah dikirim ke <".$rcpt_to.">\n");
} else {
$this->log_write("Kesalahan: Tidak dapat mengirim email ke <".$rcpt_to.">\n");
$sent = FALSE;
}
fclose($this->sock);
$this->log_write("Terputus dari host jarak jauh\n");
}
return $sent;
}
/* Fungsi Pribadi */
function smtp_send($helo, $from, $to, $header, $body = "")
{
if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("HELO", $helo)) {
return $this->smtp_error("mengirim perintah HELO");
}
//auth
if($this->auth){
if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("AUTH LOGIN", base64_encode($this->user))) {
return $this->smtp_error("mengirim perintah HELO");
}
if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("", base64_encode($this->pass))) {
return $this->smtp_error("mengirim perintah HELO");
}
}
if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("MAIL", "FROM:<".$from.">")) {
return $this->smtp_error("mengirim perintah MAIL FROM");
}
if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("RCPT", "TO:<".$to.">")) {
return $this->smtp_error("mengirim perintah RCPT TO");
}
if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("DATA")) {
return $this->smtp_error("mengirim perintah DATA");
}
if (!$this->smtp_message($header, $body)) {
return $this->smtp_error("mengirim pesan");
}
if (!$this->smtp_eom()) {
return $this->smtp_error("mengirim <CR><LF>.<CR><LF> [EOM]");
}
if (!$this->smtp_putcmd("QUIT")) {
return $this->smtp_error("mengirim perintah QUIT");
}
return TRUE;
}
function smtp_sockopen($address)
{
if ($this->relay_host == "") {
return $this->smtp_sockopen_mx($address);
} else {
return $this->smtp_sockopen_relay();
}
}
function smtp_sockopen_relay()
{
$this->log_write("Mencoba ke ".$this->relay_host.":".$this->smtp_port."\n");
$this->sock = @fsockopen($this->relay_host, $this->smtp_port, $errno, $errstr, $this->time_out);
if (!($this->sock && $this->smtp_ok())) {
$this->log_write("Kesalahan: Tidak dapat terhubung ke host relay ".$this->relay_host."\n");
$this->log_write("Kesalahan: ".$errstr." (".$errno.")\n");
return FALSE;
}
$this->log_write("Terhubung ke host relay ".$this->relay_host."\n");
return TRUE;
}
function smtp_sockopen_mx($address)
{
$domain = preg_replace("/^.+@([^@]+)$/", "\1", $address);
if (!@getmxrr($domain, $MXHOSTS)) {
$this->log_write("Kesalahan: Tidak dapat menyelesaikan MX \"".$domain."\"\n");
return FALSE;
}
foreach ($MXHOSTS as $host) {
$this->log_write("Mencoba ke ".$host.":".$this->smtp_port."\n");
$this->sock = @fsockopen($host, $this->smtp_port, $errno, $errstr, $this->time_out);
if (!($this->sock && $this->smtp_ok())) {
$this->log_write("Peringatan: Tidak dapat terhubung ke host mx ".$host."\n");
$this->log_write("Kesalahan: ".$errstr." (".$errno.")\n");
continue;
}
$this->log_write("Terhubung ke host mx ".$host."\n");
return TRUE;
}
$this->log_write("Kesalahan: Tidak dapat terhubung ke host mx mana pun (".implode(", ", $MXHOSTS).")\n");
return FALSE;
}
function smtp_message($header, $body)
{
fputs($this->sock, $header."\r\n".$body);
$this->smtp_debug("> ".str_replace("\r\n", "\n"."> ", $header."\n> ".$body."\n> "));
return TRUE;
}
function smtp_eom()
{
fputs($this->sock, "\r\n.\r\n");
$this->smtp_debug(". [EOM]\n");
return $this->smtp_ok();
}
function smtp_ok()
{
$response = str_replace("\r\n", "", fgets($this->sock, 512));
$this->smtp_debug($response."\n");
if (!preg_match("/^[23]/", $response)) {
fputs($this->sock, "QUIT\r\n");
fgets($this->sock, 512);
$this->log_write("Kesalahan: Host jarak jauh mengembalikan \"".$response."\"\n");
return FALSE;
}
return TRUE;
}
function smtp_putcmd($cmd, $arg = "")
{
if ($arg != "") {
if($cmd=="") $cmd = $arg;
else $cmd = $cmd." ".$arg;
}
fputs($this->sock, $cmd."\r\n");
$this->smtp_debug("> ".$cmd."\n");
return $this->smtp_ok();
}
function smtp_error($string)
{
$this->log_write("Kesalahan: Terjadi kesalahan saat ".$string.".\n");
return FALSE;
}
function log_write($message)
{
$this->smtp_debug($message);
if ($this->log_file == "") {
return TRUE;
}
$message = date("M d H:i:s ").get_current_user()."[".getmypid()."]: ".$message;
if (!@file_exists($this->log_file) || !($fp = @fopen($this->log_file, "a"))) {
$this->smtp_debug("Peringatan: Tidak dapat membuka file log \"".$this->log_file."\"\n");
return FALSE;
}
flock($fp, LOCK_EX);
fputs($fp, $message);
fclose($fp);
return TRUE;
}
function strip_comment($address)
{
$comment = "/\([^()]*\)/";
while (preg_match($comment, $address)) {
$address = preg_replace($comment, "", $address);
}
return $address;
}
function get_address($address)
{
$address = preg_replace("/([ \t\r\n])+/", "", $address);
$address = preg_replace("/^.*<(.+)>.*$/", "\1", $address);
return $address;
}
function smtp_debug($message)
{
if ($this->debug) {
echo $message;
}
}
}
?>