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    AnalyticDB:Manual SQL

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    AnalyticDB:Manual SQL

    Last Updated:Oct 10, 2026

    AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL mendukung pernyataan SQL yang tercantum dalam topik ini. Setiap entri menjelaskan sintaksis pernyataan dan batasan yang berlaku dalam mode Serverless.

    Catatan

    Beberapa pernyataan tidak didukung dalam mode Serverless. Lihat Serverless mode untuk daftar lengkapnya.

    Pernyataan

    ABORT

    Mengakhiri transaksi saat ini.

    ABORT [WORK | TRANSACTION]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat ABORT.

    ALTER AGGREGATE

    Mengubah definisi fungsi agregat.

    ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type [ , ... ] ) RENAME TO new_name
ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type [ , ... ] ) OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER AGGREGATE name ( type [ , ... ] ) SET SCHEMA new_schema

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat ALTER AGGREGATE.

    ALTER CONVERSION

    Mengubah definisi konversi.

    ALTER CONVERSION name RENAME TO newname
ALTER CONVERSION name OWNER TO newowner

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat ALTER CONVERSION.

    ALTER DATABASE

    Mengubah atribut database.

    ALTER DATABASE name [ WITH CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit ]
ALTER DATABASE name SET parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
ALTER DATABASE name RESET parameter
ALTER DATABASE name RENAME TO newname
ALTER DATABASE name OWNER TO new_owner

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat ALTER DATABASE.

    ALTER DOMAIN

    Mengubah definisi domain.

    ALTER DOMAIN name { SET DEFAULT expression | DROP DEFAULT }
ALTER DOMAIN name { SET | DROP } NOT NULL
ALTER DOMAIN name ADD domain_constraint
ALTER DOMAIN name DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name [RESTRICT | CASCADE]
ALTER DOMAIN name OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER DOMAIN name SET SCHEMA new_schema

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat ALTER DOMAIN.

    ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE

    Mengubah definisi tabel eksternal.

    ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE name RENAME [COLUMN] column TO new_column
ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE name SET SCHEMA new_schema
ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE name action [, ... ]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat ALTER EXTERNAL TABLE.

    ALTER FUNCTION

    Mengubah definisi fungsi.

    ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [argmode] [argname] argtype [, ...] ] )
   action [, ... ] [RESTRICT]
ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [argmode] [argname] argtype [, ...] ] )
   RENAME TO new_name
ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [argmode] [argname] argtype [, ...] ] )
   OWNER TO new_owner
ALTER FUNCTION name ( [ [argmode] [argname] argtype [, ...] ] )
   SET SCHEMA new_schema

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat ALTER FUNCTION.

    ALTER GROUP

    Mengubah nama role atau keanggotaannya.

    ALTER GROUP groupname ADD USER username [, ... ]
ALTER GROUP groupname DROP USER username [, ... ]
ALTER GROUP groupname RENAME TO newname

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat ALTER GROUP.

    ALTER INDEX

    Mengubah definisi indeks.

    ALTER INDEX name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER INDEX name SET TABLESPACE tablespace_name
ALTER INDEX name SET ( FILLFACTOR = value )
ALTER INDEX name RESET ( FILLFACTOR )

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat ALTER INDEX.

    ALTER OPERATOR

    Mengubah definisi operator.

    ALTER OPERATOR name ( {lefttype | NONE} , {righttype | NONE} )
   OWNER TO newowner

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat ALTER OPERATOR.

    ALTER RESOURCE QUEUE

    Mengubah batas antrian sumber daya.

    ALTER RESOURCE QUEUE name WITH ( queue_attribute=value [, ... ] )

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat ALTER RESOURCE QUEUE.

    ALTER ROLE

    Mengubah role database (user atau group).

    ALTER ROLE name [ [ WITH ] option [ ... ] ]

WHERE option can be:
  SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
  | CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
  | CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
  | CREATEEXTTABLE | NOCREATEEXTTABLE [ ( attribute='value' [, ...] )
    WHERE attributes and values are:
    type='readable'|'writable'
    protocol='gpfdist'|'http'
  | INHERIT | NOINHERIT
  | LOGIN | NOLOGIN
  | REPLICATION | NOREPLICATION
  | CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
  | [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
  | VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
ALTER ROLE name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER ROLE { name | ALL } [ IN DATABASE database_name ]
  SET configuration_parameter { TO | = } { value | DEFAULT }
ALTER ROLE { name | ALL } [ IN DATABASE database_name ]
  SET configuration_parameter FROM CURRENT
ALTER ROLE { name | ALL } [ IN DATABASE database_name ]
  RESET configuration_parameter
ALTER ROLE { name | ALL } [ IN DATABASE database_name ] RESET ALL
ALTER ROLE name RESOURCE QUEUE {queue_name | NONE}
ALTER ROLE name RESOURCE GROUP {group_name | NONE}

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat ALTER ROLE.

    ALTER SCHEMA

    Mengubah definisi skema.

    ALTER SCHEMA name RENAME TO newname
ALTER SCHEMA name OWNER TO newowner

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat ALTER SCHEMA.

    ALTER SEQUENCE

    Mengubah definisi generator sequence.

    ALTER SEQUENCE name [INCREMENT [ BY ] increment]
     [MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE]
     [MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE]
     [RESTART [ WITH ] start]
     [CACHE cache] [[ NO ] CYCLE]
     [OWNED BY {table.column | NONE}]
ALTER SEQUENCE name SET SCHEMA new_schema

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat ALTER SEQUENCE.

    ALTER TABLE

    Mengubah definisi tabel.

    ALTER TABLE [ONLY] name RENAME [COLUMN] column TO new_column
ALTER TABLE name RENAME TO new_name
ALTER TABLE name SET SCHEMA new_schema
ALTER TABLE [ONLY] name SET
     DISTRIBUTED BY (column, [ ... ] )
   | DISTRIBUTED RANDOMLY
   | WITH (REORGANIZE=true|false)
ALTER TABLE [ONLY] name action [, ... ]
ALTER TABLE name
   [ ALTER PARTITION { partition_name | FOR (RANK(number))
   | FOR (value) } partition_action [...] ]
   partition_action

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat ALTER TABLE.

    ALTER TYPE

    Mengubah definisi tipe data.

    ALTER TYPE name
   OWNER TO new_owner | SET SCHEMA new_schema

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat ALTER TYPE.

    ALTER USER

    Mengubah definisi role database (user).

    ALTER USER name RENAME TO newname
ALTER USER name SET config_parameter {TO | =} {value | DEFAULT}
ALTER USER name RESET config_parameter
ALTER USER name [ [WITH] option [ ... ] ]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat ALTER USER.

    ANALYZE

    Mengumpulkan statistik tentang database.

    ANALYZE [VERBOSE] [ROOTPARTITION [ALL] ]
   [table [ (column [, ...] ) ]]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat ANALYZE.

    BEGIN

    Memulai blok transaksi.

    BEGIN [WORK | TRANSACTION] [transaction_mode]
      [READ ONLY | READ WRITE]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat BEGIN.

    CHECKPOINT

    Memaksa checkpoint log transaksi.

    CHECKPOINT

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat CHECKPOINT.

    CLOSE

    Menutup cursor.

    CLOSE cursor_name

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat CLOSE.

    CLUSTER

    Menyusun ulang secara fisik tabel heap storage pada disk berdasarkan indeks.

    Peringatan

    Hindari penggunaan pernyataan ini di lingkungan produksi.

    CLUSTER indexname ON tablename
CLUSTER tablename
CLUSTER

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat CLUSTER.

    COMMENT

    Menentukan atau mengubah komentar pada objek basis data.

    COMMENT ON
{ TABLE object_name |
  COLUMN table_name.column_name |
  AGGREGATE agg_name (agg_type [, ...]) |
  CAST (sourcetype AS targettype) |
  CONSTRAINT constraint_name ON table_name |
  CONVERSION object_name |
  DATABASE object_name |
  DOMAIN object_name |
  FILESPACE object_name |
  FUNCTION func_name ([[argmode] [argname] argtype [, ...]]) |
  INDEX object_name |
  LARGE OBJECT large_object_oid |
  OPERATOR op (leftoperand_type, rightoperand_type) |
  OPERATOR CLASS object_name USING index_method |
  [PROCEDURAL] LANGUAGE object_name |
  RESOURCE QUEUE object_name |
  ROLE object_name |
  RULE rule_name ON table_name |
  SCHEMA object_name |
  SEQUENCE object_name |
  TABLESPACE object_name |
  TRIGGER trigger_name ON table_name |
  TYPE object_name |
  VIEW object_name }
IS 'text'

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat COMMENT.

    COMMIT

    Menyimpan transaksi saat ini.

    COMMIT [WORK | TRANSACTION]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat COMMIT.

    COPY

    Menyalin data antara file dan tabel.

    COPY table [(column [, ...])] FROM {'file' | STDIN}
     [ [WITH]
       [BINARY]
       [OIDS]
       [HEADER]
       [DELIMITER [ AS ] 'delimiter']
       [NULL [ AS ] 'null string']
       [ESCAPE [ AS ] 'escape' | 'OFF']
       [NEWLINE [ AS ] 'LF' | 'CR' | 'CRLF']
       [CSV [QUOTE [ AS ] 'quote']
            [FORCE NOT NULL column [, ...]]
       [FILL MISSING FIELDS]
       [[LOG ERRORS]
       SEGMENT REJECT LIMIT count [ROWS | PERCENT] ]

COPY {table [(column [, ...])] | (query)} TO {'file' | STDOUT}
      [ [WITH]
        [ON SEGMENT]
        [BINARY]
        [OIDS]
        [HEADER]
        [DELIMITER [ AS ] 'delimiter']
        [NULL [ AS ] 'null string']
        [ESCAPE [ AS ] 'escape' | 'OFF']
        [CSV [QUOTE [ AS ] 'quote']
             [FORCE QUOTE column [, ...]] ]
      [IGNORE EXTERNAL PARTITIONS ]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat COPY.

    CREATE AGGREGATE

    Membuat fungsi agregat.

    CREATE [ORDERED] AGGREGATE name (input_data_type [ , ... ])
      ( SFUNC = sfunc,
        STYPE = state_data_type
        [, PREFUNC = prefunc]
        [, FINALFUNC = ffunc]
        [, INITCOND = initial_condition]
        [, SORTOP = sort_operator] )

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat CREATE AGGREGATE.

    CREATE CAST

    Membuat cast.

    CREATE CAST (sourcetype AS targettype)
       WITH FUNCTION funcname (argtypes)
       [AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT]

CREATE CAST (sourcetype AS targettype) WITHOUT FUNCTION
       [AS ASSIGNMENT | AS IMPLICIT]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat CREATE CAST.

    CREATE CONVERSION

    Membuat konversi encoding.

    CREATE [DEFAULT] CONVERSION name FOR source_encoding TO
     dest_encoding FROM funcname

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat CREATE CONVERSION.

    CREATE DATABASE

    Membuat database.

    CREATE DATABASE name [ [WITH] [OWNER [=] dbowner]
                     [TEMPLATE [=] template]
                     [ENCODING [=] encoding]
                     [CONNECTION LIMIT [=] connlimit ] ]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat CREATE DATABASE.

    CREATE DOMAIN

    Membuat domain.

    CREATE DOMAIN name [AS] data_type [DEFAULT expression]
       [CONSTRAINT constraint_name
       | NOT NULL | NULL
       | CHECK (expression) [...]]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat CREATE DOMAIN.

    CREATE EXTENSION

    Membuat ekstensi dalam database.

    CREATE EXTENSION [ IF NOT EXISTS ] extension_name
  [ WITH ] [ SCHEMA schema_name ]
           [ VERSION version ]
           [ FROM old_version ]
           [ CASCADE ]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat CREATE EXTENSION.

    CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE

    Membuat tabel eksternal. Tabel eksternal readable dan writable menggunakan OSS sebagai sumber data melalui ossprotocol.

    CREATE [READABLE] EXTERNAL TABLE tablename
( columnname datatype [, ...] | LIKE othertable )
LOCATION ('ossprotocol')
FORMAT 'TEXT'
            [( [HEADER]
               [DELIMITER [AS] 'delimiter' | 'OFF']
               [NULL [AS] 'null string']
               [ESCAPE [AS] 'escape' | 'OFF']
               [NEWLINE [ AS ] 'LF' | 'CR' | 'CRLF']
               [FILL MISSING FIELDS] )]
           | 'CSV'
            [( [HEADER]
               [QUOTE [AS] 'quote']
               [DELIMITER [AS] 'delimiter']
               [NULL [AS] 'null string']
               [FORCE NOT NULL column [, ...]]
               [ESCAPE [AS] 'escape']
               [NEWLINE [ AS ] 'LF' | 'CR' | 'CRLF']
               [FILL MISSING FIELDS] )]
[ ENCODING 'encoding' ]
[ [LOG ERRORS [INTO error_table]] SEGMENT REJECT LIMIT count
       [ROWS | PERCENT] ]

CREATE WRITABLE EXTERNAL TABLE table_name
( column_name data_type [, ...] | LIKE other_table )
LOCATION ('ossprotocol')
FORMAT 'TEXT'
               [( [DELIMITER [AS] 'delimiter']
               [NULL [AS] 'null string']
               [ESCAPE [AS] 'escape' | 'OFF'] )]
          | 'CSV'
               [([QUOTE [AS] 'quote']
               [DELIMITER [AS] 'delimiter']
               [NULL [AS] 'null string']
               [FORCE QUOTE column [, ...]] ]
               [ESCAPE [AS] 'escape'] )]
[ ENCODING 'encoding' ]
[ DISTRIBUTED BY (column, [ ... ] ) | DISTRIBUTED RANDOMLY ]

ossprotocol:
   oss://oss_endpoint prefix=prefix_name
    id=userossid key=userosskey bucket=ossbucket compressiontype=[none|gzip] async=[true|false]
ossprotocol:
   oss://oss_endpoint dir=[folder/[folder/]...]/file_name
    id=userossid key=userosskey bucket=ossbucket compressiontype=[none|gzip] async=[true|false]
ossprotocol:
   oss://oss_endpoint filepath=[folder/[folder/]...]/file_name
    id=userossid key=userosskey bucket=ossbucket compressiontype=[none|gzip] async=[true|false]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE.

    CREATE FUNCTION

    Membuat fungsi.

    CREATE [OR REPLACE] FUNCTION name
    ( [ [argmode] [argname] argtype [ { DEFAULT | = } defexpr ] [, ...] ] )
      [ RETURNS { [ SETOF ] rettype
        | TABLE ([{ argname argtype | LIKE other table }
          [, ...]])
        } ]
    { LANGUAGE langname
    | IMMUTABLE | STABLE | VOLATILE
    | CALLED ON NULL INPUT | RETURNS NULL ON NULL INPUT | STRICT
    | [EXTERNAL] SECURITY INVOKER | [EXTERNAL] SECURITY DEFINE
    | COST execution_cost
    | SET configuration_parameter { TO value | = value | FROM CURRENT }
    | AS 'definition'
    | AS 'obj_file', 'link_symbol' } ...
    [ WITH ({ DESCRIBE = describe_function
           } [, ...] ) ]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat CREATE FUNCTION.

    CREATE GROUP

    Membuat role database.

    CREATE GROUP name [ [WITH] option [ ... ] ]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat CREATE GROUP.

    CREATE INDEX

    Membuat indeks.

    CREATE [UNIQUE] INDEX name ON table
       [USING btree|bitmap|gist]
       ( {column | (expression)} [opclass] [, ...] )
       [ WITH ( FILLFACTOR = value ) ]
       [TABLESPACE tablespace]
       [WHERE predicate]
    Catatan

    Dalam mode Serverless, hanya Indeks B-tree yang didukung.

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat CREATE INDEX.

    CREATE LIBRARY

    Membuat paket library kustom.

    CREATE LIBRARY library_name LANGUAGE [JAVA] FROM oss_location OWNER ownername
CREATE LIBRARY library_name LANGUAGE [JAVA] VALUES file_content_hex OWNER ownername

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat CREATE LIBRARY.

    CREATE OPERATOR

    Membuat operator.

    CREATE OPERATOR name (
       PROCEDURE = funcname
       [, LEFTARG = lefttype] [, RIGHTARG = righttype]
       [, COMMUTATOR = com_op] [, NEGATOR = neg_op]
       [, RESTRICT = res_proc] [, JOIN = join_proc]
       [, HASHES] [, MERGES]
       [, SORT1 = left_sort_op] [, SORT2 = right_sort_op]
       [, LTCMP = less_than_op] [, GTCMP = greater_than_op] )

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat CREATE OPERATOR.

    CREATE RESOURCE QUEUE

    Membuat antrian sumber daya.

    CREATE RESOURCE QUEUE name WITH (queue_attribute=value [, ... ])

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat CREATE RESOURCE QUEUE.

    CREATE ROLE

    Membuat role database (user atau group).

    CREATE ROLE name [[WITH] option [ ... ]]

WHERE option can be:
SUPERUSER | NOSUPERUSER
 | CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB
 | CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE
 | CREATEUSER | NOCREATEUSER
 | CREATEEXTTABLE | NOCREATEEXTTABLE
 [ ( attribute='value'[, ...] ) ]
 WHERE attributes and value are:
 type='readable'|'writable'
 protocol='gpfdist'|'http'
 | INHERIT | NOINHERIT
 | LOGIN | NOLOGIN
 | REPLICATION | NOREPLICATION
 | CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit
 | [ ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED ] PASSWORD 'password'
 | VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
 | IN ROLE rolename [, ...]
 | ROLE rolename [, ...]
 | ADMIN rolename [, ...]
 | USER rolename [, ...]
 | SYSID uid [, ...]
 | RESOURCE QUEUE queue_name
 | RESOURCE GROUP group_name
 | [ DENY deny_point ]
 | [ DENY BETWEEN deny_point AND deny_point]

    Tabel berikut menjelaskan atribut role.

    Attribute Description
    CREATEDB | NOCREATEDB Apakah role dapat membuat database. Default: NOCREATEDB.
    CREATEROLE | NOCREATEROLE Apakah role dapat membuat role lain. Default: NOCREATEROLE.
    INHERIT | NOINHERIT Apakah role mewarisi hak istimewa dari grup yang diikutinya. Default: INHERIT.
    LOGIN | NOLOGIN Apakah role dapat login. Role dengan LOGIN adalah user; role tanpa LOGIN adalah group. User dapat mewarisi izin dari grup yang diikutinya. Default: NOLOGIN.
    CONNECTION LIMIT connlimit Maksimum koneksi bersamaan yang dapat dibuat oleh role. Default: -1 (tidak terbatas).
    CREATEEXTTABLE | NOCREATEEXTTABLE Apakah role dapat membuat tabel eksternal. Default: NOCREATEEXTTABLE.
    PASSWORD 'password' Kata sandi login role.
    ENCRYPTED | UNENCRYPTED Apakah kata sandi disimpan dalam bentuk terenkripsi.
    VALID UNTIL 'timestamp' Waktu kedaluwarsa kata sandi.
    RESOURCE QUEUE queue_name Antrian sumber daya tempat role tersebut berada.
    DENY {deny_interval | deny_point} Menolak login pada waktu tertentu atau dalam interval tertentu.

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat CREATE ROLE.

    CREATE RULE

    Membuat aturan penulisan ulang.

    CREATE [OR REPLACE] RULE name AS ON event
  TO table [WHERE condition]
  DO [ALSO | INSTEAD] { NOTHING | command | (command; command
  ...) }

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat CREATE RULE.

    CREATE SCHEMA

    Membuat skema.

    CREATE SCHEMA schema_name [AUTHORIZATION username]
   [schema_element [ ... ]]

CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION rolename [schema_element [ ... ]]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat CREATE SCHEMA.

    CREATE SEQUENCE

    Membuat generator sequence.

    CREATE [TEMPORARY | TEMP] SEQUENCE name
       [INCREMENT [BY] value]
       [MINVALUE minvalue | NO MINVALUE]
       [MAXVALUE maxvalue | NO MAXVALUE]
       [START [ WITH ] start]
       [CACHE cache]
       [[NO] CYCLE]
       [OWNED BY { table.column | NONE }]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat CREATE SEQUENCE.

    CREATE TABLE

    Membuat tabel.

    CREATE [[GLOBAL | LOCAL] {TEMPORARY | TEMP}] TABLE table_name (
[ { column_name data_type [ DEFAULT default_expr ]
   [column_constraint [ ... ]
[ ENCODING ( storage_directive [,...] ) ]
]
   | table_constraint
   | LIKE other_table [{INCLUDING | EXCLUDING}
                      {DEFAULTS | CONSTRAINTS}] ...}
   [, ... ] ]
   )
   [ INHERITS ( parent_table [, ... ] ) ]
   [ WITH ( storage_parameter=value [, ... ] )
   [ ON COMMIT {PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP} ]
   [ DISTRIBUTED BY (column, [ ... ] ) | DISTRIBUTED RANDOMLY ]
   [ PARTITION BY partition_type (column)
       [ SUBPARTITION BY partition_type (column) ]
          [ SUBPARTITION TEMPLATE ( template_spec ) ]
       [...]
    ( partition_spec )
        | [ SUBPARTITION BY partition_type (column) ]
          [...]
    ( partition_spec
      [ ( subpartition_spec
           [(...)]
         ) ]
    )
    Catatan

    Instans dalam mode Serverless tidak mendukung klausa WITH. Sistem memilih algoritma optimal berdasarkan tipe data.

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat CREATE TABLE.

    CREATE TABLE AS

    Membuat tabel dari hasil kueri.

    CREATE [ [GLOBAL | LOCAL] {TEMPORARY | TEMP} ] TABLE table_name
   [(column_name [, ...] )]
   [ WITH ( storage_parameter=value [, ... ] ) ]
   [ON COMMIT {PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP}]
   [TABLESPACE tablespace]
   AS query
   [DISTRIBUTED BY (column, [ ... ] ) | DISTRIBUTED RANDOMLY]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat CREATE TABLE AS.

    CREATE TRIGGER

    Membuat pemicu.

    CREATE TRIGGER name {BEFORE | AFTER} {event [OR ...]}
ON table [ FOR [EACH] {ROW | STATEMENT} ]
EXECUTE PROCEDURE funcname ( arguments )

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat CREATE TRIGGER.

    CREATE TYPE

    Membuat tipe data.

    CREATE TYPE name AS ( attribute_name data_type [, ... ] )

CREATE TYPE name AS ENUM ( 'label' [, ... ] )

CREATE TYPE name (
    INPUT = input_function,
    OUTPUT = output_function
    [, RECEIVE = receive_function]
    [, SEND = send_function]
    [, TYPMOD_IN = type_modifier_input_function ]
    [, TYPMOD_OUT = type_modifier_output_function ]
    [, INTERNALLENGTH = {internallength | VARIABLE}]
    [, PASSEDBYVALUE]
    [, ALIGNMENT = alignment]
    [, STORAGE = storage]
    [, DEFAULT = default]
    [, ELEMENT = element]
    [, DELIMITER = delimiter] )

CREATE TYPE name

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat CREATE TYPE.

    CREATE USER

    Membuat role database dengan hak istimewa LOGIN.

    CREATE USER name [ [WITH] option [ ... ] ]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat CREATE USER.

    CREATE VIEW

    Membuat tampilan.

    CREATE [OR REPLACE] [TEMP | TEMPORARY] VIEW name
       [ ( column_name [, ...] ) ]
       AS query

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat CREATE VIEW.

    DEALLOCATE

    Melepaskan prepared statement.

    DEALLOCATE [PREPARE] name

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat DEALLOCATE.

    DECLARE

    Membuat cursor.

    DECLARE name [BINARY] [INSENSITIVE] [NO SCROLL] CURSOR
     [{WITH | WITHOUT} HOLD]
     FOR query [FOR READ ONLY]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat DECLARE.

    DELETE

    Menghapus baris dari tabel.

    DELETE FROM [ONLY] table [[AS] alias]
      [USING usinglist]
      [WHERE condition | WHERE CURRENT OF cursor_name ]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat DELETE.

    DROP AGGREGATE

    Menghapus fungsi agregat.

    DROP AGGREGATE [IF EXISTS] name ( type [, ...] ) [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat DROP AGGREGATE.

    DROP CAST

    Menghapus cast.

    DROP CAST [IF EXISTS] (sourcetype AS targettype) [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat DROP CAST.

    DROP CONVERSION

    Menghapus konversi.

    DROP CONVERSION [IF EXISTS] name [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat DROP CONVERSION.

    DROP DATABASE

    Menghapus database.

    DROP DATABASE [IF EXISTS] name

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat DROP DATABASE.

    DROP DOMAIN

    Menghapus domain.

    DROP DOMAIN [IF EXISTS] name [, ...]  [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat DROP DOMAIN.

    DROP EXTENSION

    Menghapus ekstensi dari database.

    DROP EXTENSION [ IF EXISTS ] name [, ...] [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat DROP EXTENSION.

    DROP EXTERNAL TABLE

    Menghapus tabel eksternal.

    DROP EXTERNAL [WEB] TABLE [IF EXISTS] name [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat DROP EXTERNAL TABLE.

    DROP FUNCTION

    Menghapus fungsi.

    DROP FUNCTION [IF EXISTS] name ( [ [argmode] [argname] argtype
    [, ...] ] ) [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat DROP FUNCTION.

    DROP GROUP

    Menghapus role database.

    DROP GROUP [IF EXISTS] name [, ...]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat DROP GROUP.

    DROP INDEX

    Menghapus indeks.

    DROP INDEX [IF EXISTS] name [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat DROP INDEX.

    DROP LIBRARY

    Menghapus paket library kustom.

    DROP LIBRARY library_name

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat DROP LIBRARY.

    DROP OPERATOR

    Menghapus operator.

    DROP OPERATOR [IF EXISTS] name ( {lefttype | NONE} ,
    {righttype | NONE} ) [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat DROP OPERATOR.

    DROP OWNED

    Menghapus semua objek basis data yang dimiliki oleh suatu role.

    DROP OWNED BY name [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat DROP OWNED.

    DROP RESOURCE QUEUE

    Menghapus antrian sumber daya.

    DROP RESOURCE QUEUE queue_name

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat DROP RESOURCE QUEUE.

    DROP ROLE

    Menghapus role database.

    DROP ROLE [IF EXISTS] name [, ...]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat DROP ROLE.

    DROP RULE

    Menghapus aturan penulisan ulang.

    DROP RULE [IF EXISTS] name ON relation [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat DROP RULE.

    DROP SCHEMA

    Menghapus skema.

    DROP SCHEMA [IF EXISTS] name [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat DROP SCHEMA.

    DROP SEQUENCE

    Menghapus sequence.

    DROP SEQUENCE [IF EXISTS] name [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat DROP SEQUENCE.

    DROP TABLE

    Menghapus tabel.

    DROP TABLE [IF EXISTS] name [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat DROP TABLE.

    DROP TYPE

    Menghapus tipe data.

    DROP TYPE [IF EXISTS] name [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat DROP TYPE.

    DROP USER

    Menghapus role database.

    DROP USER [IF EXISTS] name [, ...]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat DROP USER.

    DROP VIEW

    Menghapus tampilan.

    DROP VIEW [IF EXISTS] name [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat DROP VIEW.

    END

    Menyimpan transaksi saat ini. Setara dengan COMMIT.

    END [WORK | TRANSACTION]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat END.

    EXECUTE

    Menjalankan pernyataan SQL yang telah dipersiapkan.

    EXECUTE name [ (parameter [, ...] ) ]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat EXECUTE.

    EXPLAIN

    Menampilkan rencana kueri untuk suatu pernyataan.

    EXPLAIN [ANALYZE] [VERBOSE] statement

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat EXPLAIN.

    FETCH

    Mengambil baris dari kueri menggunakan cursor.

    FETCH [ forward_direction { FROM | IN } ] cursorname

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat FETCH.

    GRANT

    Memberikan hak akses.

    GRANT { {SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | REFERENCES |
TRIGGER | TRUNCATE } [,...] | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
    ON [TABLE] tablename [, ...]
    TO {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION]

GRANT { {USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE} [,...] | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
    ON SEQUENCE sequencename [, ...]
    TO { rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION]

GRANT { {CREATE | CONNECT | TEMPORARY | TEMP} [,...] | ALL
[PRIVILEGES] }
    ON DATABASE dbname [, ...]
    TO {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION]

GRANT { EXECUTE | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
    ON FUNCTION funcname ( [ [argmode] [argname] argtype [, ...]
] ) [, ...]
    TO {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION]

GRANT { USAGE | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
    ON LANGUAGE langname [, ...]
    TO {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION]

GRANT { {CREATE | USAGE} [,...] | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
    ON SCHEMA schemaname [, ...]
    TO {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION]

GRANT { CREATE | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
    ON TABLESPACE tablespacename [, ...]
    TO {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...] [WITH GRANT OPTION]

GRANT parent_role [, ...]
    TO member_role [, ...] [WITH ADMIN OPTION]

GRANT { SELECT | INSERT | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
    ON PROTOCOL protocolname
    TO username

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat GRANT.

    INSERT

    Menyisipkan baris ke dalam tabel.

    INSERT INTO table [( column [, ...] )]
   {DEFAULT VALUES | VALUES ( {expression | DEFAULT} [, ...] )
   [, ...] | query}

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat INSERT.

    LOAD

    Memuat atau memuat ulang file library bersama.

    LOAD 'filename'

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat LOAD.

    LOCK

    Mengunci tabel.

    LOCK [TABLE] name [, ...] [IN lockmode MODE] [NOWAIT]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat LOCK.

    MOVE

    Memposisikan ulang cursor tanpa mengambil baris.

    MOVE [ forward_direction {FROM | IN} ] cursorname

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat MOVE.

    PREPARE

    Menyiapkan pernyataan untuk dieksekusi.

    PREPARE name [ (datatype [, ...] ) ] AS statement

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat PREPARE.

    REASSIGN OWNED

    Memindahkan kepemilikan objek basis data dari satu role ke role lain.

    REASSIGN OWNED BY old_role [, ...] TO new_role

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat REASSIGN OWNED.

    REINDEX

    Membangun ulang indeks.

    REINDEX {INDEX | TABLE | DATABASE | SYSTEM} name

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat REINDEX.

    RELEASE SAVEPOINT

    Melepaskan titik simpan.

    RELEASE [SAVEPOINT] savepoint_name

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat RELEASE SAVEPOINT.

    RESET

    Mengatur ulang parameter konfigurasi ke nilai default-nya.

    RESET configuration_parameter
RESET ALL

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat RESET.

    REVOKE

    Mencabut hak akses.

    REVOKE [GRANT OPTION FOR] { {SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE
       | REFERENCES | TRIGGER | TRUNCATE } [,...] | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
       ON [TABLE] tablename [, ...]
       FROM {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...]
       [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

REVOKE [GRANT OPTION FOR] { {USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE} [,...]
       | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
       ON SEQUENCE sequencename [, ...]
       FROM { rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
       [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

REVOKE [GRANT OPTION FOR] { {CREATE | CONNECT
       | TEMPORARY | TEMP} [,...] | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
       ON DATABASE dbname [, ...]
       FROM {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...]
       [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

REVOKE [GRANT OPTION FOR] {EXECUTE | ALL [PRIVILEGES]}
       ON FUNCTION funcname ( [[argmode] [argname] argtype
                              [, ...]] ) [, ...]
       FROM {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...]
       [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

REVOKE [GRANT OPTION FOR] {USAGE | ALL [PRIVILEGES]}
       ON LANGUAGE langname [, ...]
       FROM {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...]
       [ CASCADE | RESTRICT ]

REVOKE [GRANT OPTION FOR] { {CREATE | USAGE} [,...]
       | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
       ON SCHEMA schemaname [, ...]
       FROM {rolename | PUBLIC} [, ...]
       [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

REVOKE [GRANT OPTION FOR] { CREATE | ALL [PRIVILEGES] }
       ON TABLESPACE tablespacename [, ...]
       FROM { rolename | PUBLIC } [, ...]
       [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

REVOKE [ADMIN OPTION FOR] parent_role [, ...]
       FROM member_role [, ...]
       [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat REVOKE.

    ROLLBACK

    Membatalkan transaksi saat ini.

    ROLLBACK [WORK | TRANSACTION]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat ROLLBACK.

    ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT

    Membatalkan transaksi saat ini hingga ke titik simpan.

    ROLLBACK [WORK | TRANSACTION] TO [SAVEPOINT] savepoint_name

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT.

    SAVEPOINT

    Membuat titik simpan dalam transaksi saat ini.

    SAVEPOINT savepoint_name

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat SAVEPOINT.

    SELECT

    Mengambil baris dari tabel atau tampilan.

    [ WITH with_query [, ...] ]
SELECT [ALL | DISTINCT [ON (expression [, ...])]]
  * | expression [[AS] output_name] [, ...]
  [FROM from_item [, ...]]
  [WHERE condition]
  [GROUP BY grouping_element [, ...]]
  [HAVING condition [, ...]]
  [WINDOW window_name AS (window_specification)]
  [{UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT} [ALL] select]
  [ORDER BY expression [ASC | DESC | USING operator] [NULLS {FIRST | LAST}] [, ...]]
  [LIMIT {count | ALL}]
  [OFFSET start]
  [FOR {UPDATE | SHARE} [OF table_name [, ...]] [NOWAIT] [...]]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat SELECT.

    SELECT INTO

    Membuat tabel dari hasil kueri.

    [ WITH with_query [, ...] ]
SELECT [ALL | DISTINCT [ON ( expression [, ...] )]]
    * | expression [AS output_name] [, ...]
    INTO [TEMPORARY | TEMP] [TABLE] new_table
    [FROM from_item [, ...]]
    [WHERE condition]
    [GROUP BY expression [, ...]]
    [HAVING condition [, ...]]
    [{UNION | INTERSECT | EXCEPT} [ALL] select]
    [ORDER BY expression [ASC | DESC | USING operator] [NULLS {FIRST | LAST}] [, ...]]
    [LIMIT {count | ALL}]
    [OFFSET start]
    [FOR {UPDATE | SHARE} [OF table_name [, ...]] [NOWAIT]
    [...]]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat SELECT INTO.

    SET

    Mengubah nilai parameter konfigurasi.

    SET [SESSION | LOCAL] configuration_parameter {TO | =} value |
    'value' | DEFAULT}

SET [SESSION | LOCAL] TIME ZONE {timezone | LOCAL | DEFAULT}

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat SET.

    SET ROLE

    Menetapkan role saat ini untuk sesi.

    SET [SESSION | LOCAL] ROLE rolename
SET [SESSION | LOCAL] ROLE NONE
RESET ROLE

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat SET ROLE.

    SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION

    Menetapkan role sesi dan role saat ini untuk sesi.

    SET [SESSION | LOCAL] SESSION AUTHORIZATION rolename
SET [SESSION | LOCAL] SESSION AUTHORIZATION DEFAULT
RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION.

    SET TRANSACTION

    Menetapkan karakteristik transaksi saat ini.

    SET TRANSACTION [transaction_mode] [READ ONLY | READ WRITE]
SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION transaction_mode
     [READ ONLY | READ WRITE]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat SET TRANSACTION.

    SHOW

    Menampilkan nilai parameter konfigurasi.

    SHOW configuration_parameter
SHOW ALL

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat SHOW.

    START TRANSACTION

    Memulai blok transaksi.

    START TRANSACTION [SERIALIZABLE | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED]
                  [READ WRITE | READ ONLY]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat START TRANSACTION.

    TRUNCATE

    Menghapus semua baris dari tabel.

    TRUNCATE [TABLE] name [, ...] [CASCADE | RESTRICT]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat TRUNCATE.

    UPDATE

    Memperbarui baris dalam tabel.

    UPDATE [ONLY] table [[AS] alias]
   SET {column = {expression | DEFAULT} |
   (column [, ...]) = ({expression | DEFAULT} [, ...])} [, ...]
   [FROM fromlist]
   [WHERE condition | WHERE CURRENT OF cursor_name ]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat UPDATE.

    VACUUM

    Membebaskan ruang penyimpanan dan secara opsional menganalisis database.

    VACUUM [FULL] [FREEZE] [VERBOSE] [table]
VACUUM [FULL] [FREEZE] [VERBOSE] ANALYZE
              [table [(column [, ...] )]]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat VACUUM.

    VALUES

    Menghitung sekumpulan baris.

    VALUES ( expression [, ...] ) [, ...]
   [ORDER BY sort_expression [ASC | DESC | USING operator] [, ...]]
   [LIMIT {count | ALL}] [OFFSET start]

    Untuk informasi selengkapnya, lihat VALUES.