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ApsaraMQ for RocketMQ:Envoyer et recevoir des messages standards

Dernière mise à jour :Aug 09, 2026

Les messages standards sont des messages basiques proposés par ApsaraMQ for RocketMQ. Ils se distinguent des messages dotés de fonctionnalités avancées, tels que les messages planifiés, les messages différés, les messages ordonnés et les messages transactionnels. Cette rubrique fournit des exemples de code pour envoyer et recevoir des messages standards à l'aide du SDK client HTTP pour Python.

Prérequis

Avant de commencer, assurez-vous d'avoir effectué les opérations suivantes :

  • Installez le SDK for Python. Pour plus d'informations, consultez la rubrique Préparer l'environnement du SDK Python.

  • Créez dans la console ApsaraMQ for RocketMQ les ressources requises par le code : instances, topics et groupes de consommateurs. Pour plus d'informations, consultez la rubrique Créer des ressources.

  • Récupérez la paire de clés AccessKey de votre compte Alibaba Cloud. Pour plus d'informations, consultez la rubrique Créer une clé AccessKey.

Envoyer des messages standards

L'exemple de code suivant montre comment envoyer des messages standards à l'aide du SDK client HTTP pour Python :

import sys

from mq_http_sdk.mq_exception import MQExceptionBase
from mq_http_sdk.mq_producer import *
from mq_http_sdk.mq_client import *
import time

# Initialize the producer client. 
mq_client = MQClient(
    # The HTTP endpoint. You can obtain the endpoint in the HTTP Endpoint section of the Instance Details page in the ApsaraMQ for RocketMQ console. 
     "${HTTP_ENDPOINT}",
    # Make sure that the environment variables ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID and ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET are configured. 
    # The AccessKey ID that is used for authentication. 
    os.environ['ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID'],
    # The AccessKey secret that is used for authentication. 
    os.environ['ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET']
    )
# The topic in which the message is produced. You must create the topic in the ApsaraMQ for RocketMQ console. 
topic_name = "${TOPIC}"
# The ID of the instance to which the topic belongs. You must create the instance in the ApsaraMQ for RocketMQ console. 
# If the instance has a namespace, the instance ID must be specified. If the instance does not have a namespace, set the instanceID parameter to an empty string. You can obtain the namespace of the instance on the Instance Details page in the ApsaraMQ for RocketMQ console. 
instance_id = "${INSTANCE_ID}"

producer = mq_client.get_producer(instance_id, topic_name)

# Cyclically send four messages. 
msg_count = 4
print("%sPublish Message To %s\nTopicName:%s\nMessageCount:%s\n" % (10 * "=", 10 * "=", topic_name, msg_count))

try:
    for i in range(msg_count):
            msg = TopicMessage(
                    # The message content. 
                    "I am test message %s.hello" % i,
                    # The message tag. 
                    "tag %s" % i
                        )
            # The custom attributes of the message. 
            msg.put_property("a", i)
            # The message key. 
            msg.set_message_key("MessageKey")
            re_msg = producer.publish_message(msg)
            print("Publish Message Succeed. MessageID:%s, BodyMD5:%s" % (re_msg.message_id, re_msg.message_body_md5))

except MQExceptionBase as e:
    if e.type == "TopicNotExist":
         print("Topic not exist, please create it.")
         sys.exit(1)
    print("Publish Message Fail. Exception:%s" % e)

S'abonner à des messages standards

L'exemple de code suivant montre comment s'abonner à des messages standards à l'aide du SDK client HTTP pour Python :

from mq_http_sdk.mq_exception import MQExceptionBase
from mq_http_sdk.mq_consumer import *
from mq_http_sdk.mq_client import *

# Initialize the consumer client. 
mq_client = MQClient(
    # The HTTP endpoint. You can obtain the endpoint in the HTTP Endpoint section of the Instance Details page in the ApsaraMQ for RocketMQ console. 
    "${HTTP_ENDPOINT}",
    # Make sure that the environment variables ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID and ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET are configured. 
    # The AccessKey ID that is used for authentication. 
    os.environ['ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_ID'],
    # The AccessKey secret that is used for authentication. 
    os.environ['ALIBABA_CLOUD_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET']
     )
# The topic in which the message is produced. You must create the topic in the ApsaraMQ for RocketMQ console. 
topic_name = "${TOPIC}"
# The ID of the consumer group that you created in the ApsaraMQ for RocketMQ console. 
group_id = "${GROUP_ID}"
# The ID of the instance to which the topic belongs. You must create the instance in the ApsaraMQ for RocketMQ console. 
# If the instance has a namespace, the instance ID must be specified. If the instance does not have a namespace, set the instanceID parameter to an empty string. You can obtain the namespace of the instance on the Instance Details page in the ApsaraMQ for RocketMQ console. 
instance_id = "${INSTANCE_ID}"

consumer = mq_client.get_consumer(instance_id, topic_name, group_id)

# In long polling mode, if no message in the topic is available for consumption, the request is suspended on the broker for the specified period of time. If a message becomes available for consumption within the specified period of time, a response is immediately sent to the consumer. In this example, the value is specified as 3 seconds. 
# The long polling period. Unit: seconds. In this example, the value is specified as 3. The maximum value that you can specify is 30. 
wait_seconds = 3
# The maximum number of messages that can be consumed at a time. In this example, the value is specified as 3. The maximum value that you can specify is 16. 
batch = 3
print(("%sConsume And Ak Message From Topic%s\nTopicName:%s\nMQConsumer:%s\nWaitSeconds:%s\n" \
        % (10 * "=", 10 * "=", topic_name, group_id, wait_seconds)))
while True:
    try:
        # Consume messages in long polling mode. 
        recv_msgs = consumer.consume_message(batch, wait_seconds)
        for msg in recv_msgs:
            print(("Receive, MessageId: %s\nMessageBodyMD5: %s \
                              \nMessageTag: %s\nConsumedTimes: %s \
                              \nPublishTime: %s\nBody: %s \
                              \nNextConsumeTime: %s \
                              \nReceiptHandle: %s \
                              \nProperties: %s\n" % \
                  (msg.message_id, msg.message_body_md5,
                   msg.message_tag, msg.consumed_times,
                   msg.publish_time, msg.message_body,
                   msg.next_consume_time, msg.receipt_handle, msg.properties)))
    except MQExceptionBase as e:
        # No message in the topic is available for consumption. 
        if e.type == "MessageNotExist":
            print(("No new message! RequestId: %s" % e.req_id))
            continue

        print(("Consume Message Fail! Exception:%s\n" % e))
        time.sleep(2)
        continue

    # If the broker fails to receive an acknowledgement (ACK) for a message from the consumer before the period of time specified by the msg.next_consume_time parameter elapses, the broker delivers the message for consumption again. 
    # A unique timestamp is specified for the handle of a message each time the message is consumed. 
    try:
        receipt_handle_list = [msg.receipt_handle for msg in recv_msgs]
        consumer.ack_message(receipt_handle_list)
        print(("Ak %s Message Succeed.\n\n" % len(receipt_handle_list)))
    except MQExceptionBase as e:
        print(("\nAk Message Fail! Exception:%s" % e))
        # If the handle of a message times out, the broker cannot receive an ACK for the message from the consumer. 
        if e.sub_errors:
            for sub_error in e.sub_errors:
                print(("\tErrorHandle:%s,ErrorCode:%s,ErrorMsg:%s" % \
                      (sub_error["ReceiptHandle"], sub_error["ErrorCode"], sub_error["ErrorMessage"])))