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Object Storage Service:Reglas de ciclo de vida (OSS SDK for Python 1.0)

Última actualización: Sep 25, 2026

No todos los datos que se cargan en los buckets de Object Storage Service (OSS) se consultan con frecuencia. Los datos a los que rara vez se accede se guardan en almacenamiento en frío por motivos de cumplimiento normativo y archivado. Si desea eliminar datos almacenados en varios buckets de OSS al mismo tiempo, configure reglas de ciclo de vida basadas en la fecha de última modificación de los datos. Para reducir los costos de almacenamiento, se recomienda guardar los datos fríos y calientes por separado. Con este fin, configure OSS para que supervise automáticamente los patrones de acceso, identifique los datos fríos y cambie su clase de almacenamiento. En este escenario, también es posible configurar las reglas de ciclo de vida según la fecha del último acceso a los datos.

Notas

  • En este tema se utiliza el endpoint público de la región China (Hangzhou). Si necesita acceder a OSS desde otros servicios de Alibaba Cloud ubicados en la misma región que OSS, utilice un endpoint interno. Para obtener más información sobre las regiones y los endpoints de OSS, consulte Regions and endpoints.

  • En este tema, las credenciales de acceso se obtienen de variables de entorno. Para obtener más información sobre cómo configurar las credenciales de acceso, consulte Configure access credentials using OSS SDK for Python 1.0.

  • Este tema muestra cómo crear una instancia de OSSClient con un endpoint de OSS. Para conocer configuraciones alternativas, como usar un dominio personalizado o autenticarse con credenciales de Security Token Service (STS), consulte Initialization.

  • Para configurar reglas de ciclo de vida, debe contar con el permiso oss:PutBucketLifecycle. Para consultar estas reglas, requiere el permiso oss:GetBucketLifecycle. Por su parte, para borrarlas, necesita el permiso oss:DeleteBucketLifecycle. Para obtener más información, consulte Grant a custom policy.

Configurar reglas de ciclo de vida

A continuación se muestran ejemplos de dos reglas de ciclo de vida. Una se configura según la fecha de última modificación de los datos y la otra, según la fecha del último acceso. Después de configurar las reglas de ciclo de vida, modifíquelas de acuerdo con sus necesidades empresariales. Para saber cómo modificar las reglas existentes, consulte Lifecycle rules based on the last modified time.

Configurar una regla de ciclo de vida basada en la fecha de última modificación para cambiar la clase de almacenamiento de los objetos o eliminarlos

El siguiente código muestra cómo configurar una regla de ciclo de vida basada en la fecha de última modificación para cambiar la clase de almacenamiento de los objetos o eliminarlos en el bucket examplebucket:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import oss2
from oss2.credentials import EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider
import datetime
from oss2.models import (LifecycleExpiration, LifecycleRule, 
                        BucketLifecycle,AbortMultipartUpload, 
                        TaggingRule, Tagging, StorageTransition,
                        NoncurrentVersionStorageTransition,
                        NoncurrentVersionExpiration)

# Obtain access credentials from environment variables. Before you run the sample code, make sure that the OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET environment variables are configured. 
auth = oss2.ProviderAuthV4(EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())

# Specify the endpoint of the region in which the bucket is located. For example, if the bucket is located in the China (Hangzhou) region, set the endpoint to https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com. 
endpoint = "https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com"
# Specify the ID of the region that maps to the endpoint. Example: cn-hangzhou. This parameter is required if you use the signature algorithm V4.
region = "cn-hangzhou"

# Specify the name of the bucket.
bucket = oss2.Bucket(auth, endpoint, "examplebucket", region=region)

# Specify that objects expire three days after they are last modified. 
rule1 = LifecycleRule('rule1', 'tests/',
                      status=LifecycleRule.ENABLED,
                      expiration=LifecycleExpiration(days=3))

# Specify that objects created before the specified date expire. 
rule2 = LifecycleRule('rule2', 'tests2/',
                      status=LifecycleRule.ENABLED,
expiration = LifecycleExpiration(created_before_date=datetime.date(2023, 12, 12)))

# Specify that the parts expire three days after they are last modified. 
rule3 = LifecycleRule('rule3', 'tests3/',
                      status=LifecycleRule.ENABLED,
            abort_multipart_upload=AbortMultipartUpload(days=3))

# Specify that parts created before the specified date expire. 
rule4 = LifecycleRule('rule4', 'tests4/',
                      status=LifecycleRule.ENABLED,
                      abort_multipart_upload = AbortMultipartUpload(created_before_date=datetime.date(2022, 12, 12)))

# Specify that the storage classes of objects are changed to Infrequent Access (IA) 20 days after they are last modified, and to Archive 30 days after they are last modified. 
rule5 = LifecycleRule('rule5', 'tests5/',
                      status=LifecycleRule.ENABLED,
                      storage_transitions=[StorageTransition(days=20,storage_class=oss2.BUCKET_STORAGE_CLASS_IA),
                            StorageTransition(days=30,storage_class=oss2.BUCKET_STORAGE_CLASS_ARCHIVE)])

# Specify the tag that you want the lifecycle rule to match. 
tagging_rule = TaggingRule()
tagging_rule.add('key1', 'value1')
tagging_rule.add('key2', 'value2')
tagging = Tagging(tagging_rule)

# Specify that the storage classes of objects are changed to Archive 365 days after they are last modified.  
# Compared with the preceding rules, rule6 includes the tag condition to match objects. The rule takes effect for objects whose tagging configurations are key1=value1 and key2=value2. 
rule6 = LifecycleRule('rule6', 'tests6/',
                      status=LifecycleRule.ENABLED,
                      storage_transitions=[StorageTransition(created_before_date=datetime.date(2022, 12, 12),storage_class=oss2.BUCKET_STORAGE_CLASS_IA)],
                      tagging = tagging)

# rule7 is a lifecycle rule that applies to a versioning-enabled bucket. 
# Specify that the storage classes of objects are changed to Archive 365 days after they are last modified. 
# Specify that delete markers are automatically removed when they expire. 
# Specify that the storage classes of objects are changed to IA 12 days after they become previous versions. 
# Specify that the storage classes of objects are changed to Archive 20 days after they become previous versions. 
# Specify that objects are deleted 30 days after they become previous versions. 
rule7 = LifecycleRule('rule7', 'tests7/',
              status=LifecycleRule.ENABLED,
              storage_transitions=[StorageTransition(days=365, storage_class=oss2.BUCKET_STORAGE_CLASS_ARCHIVE)], 
              expiration=LifecycleExpiration(expired_detete_marker=True),
              noncurrent_version_sotrage_transitions = 
                    [NoncurrentVersionStorageTransition(12, oss2.BUCKET_STORAGE_CLASS_IA),
                     NoncurrentVersionStorageTransition(20, oss2.BUCKET_STORAGE_CLASS_ARCHIVE)],
              noncurrent_version_expiration = NoncurrentVersionExpiration(30))

lifecycle = BucketLifecycle([rule1, rule2, rule3, rule4, rule5, rule6, rule7])

bucket.put_bucket_lifecycle(lifecycle)

Configurar una regla de ciclo de vida basada en la fecha de última modificación para cambiar la clase de almacenamiento de los objetos, excepto aquellos cuyo nombre contiene prefijos específicos o que tienen etiquetas específicas

El siguiente código de ejemplo muestra cómo configurar una regla de ciclo de vida basada en la fecha de última modificación. Esta regla cambia a IA la clase de almacenamiento de los objetos del bucket examplebucket que cumplen las siguientes condiciones, 30 días después de su última modificación: el nombre de los objetos no contiene el prefijo log y los objetos no tienen la etiqueta cuya clave es tag1 y cuyo valor es value1. Estas condiciones se especifican en el elemento Not del nodo filter.

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import oss2
from oss2.credentials import EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider
from oss2.models import LifecycleRule, BucketLifecycle, StorageTransition, LifecycleFilter, FilterNot, FilterNotTag

# Obtain access credentials from environment variables. Before you run the sample code, make sure that the OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET environment variables are configured. 
auth = oss2.ProviderAuthV4(EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())

# Specify the endpoint of the region in which the bucket is located. For example, if the bucket is located in the China (Hangzhou) region, set the endpoint to https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com. 
endpoint = "https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com"
# Specify the ID of the region that maps to the endpoint. Example: cn-hangzhou. This parameter is required if you use the signature algorithm V4.
region = "cn-hangzhou"

# Specify the name of the bucket.
bucket = oss2.Bucket(auth, endpoint, "examplebucket", region=region)

not_prefix = 'logs/not-prefix'
key = 'key1'
value = 'value1'
not_tag = FilterNotTag(key, value)
filter_not = FilterNot(not_prefix, not_tag)
filter = LifecycleFilter([filter_not])

# Create the lifecycle rule for storage class change. 
rule1 = LifecycleRule('mtime transition1', 'logs',
                      status=LifecycleRule.ENABLED,
                      storage_transitions=[StorageTransition(days=30, storage_class=oss2.BUCKET_STORAGE_CLASS_IA)],
                      filter=filter)

lifecycle = BucketLifecycle([rule1])

result = bucket.put_bucket_lifecycle(lifecycle)
print('The lifecycle configuration is successful. ' + str(result.status))

Configurar una regla de ciclo de vida basada en la fecha de última modificación para cambiar la clase de almacenamiento de los objetos

El siguiente código muestra cómo configurar una regla de ciclo de vida basada en la fecha del último acceso para cambiar la clase de almacenamiento de los objetos en el bucket examplebucket:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import oss2
from oss2.credentials import EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider
from oss2.models import LifecycleRule, BucketLifecycle, StorageTransition, NoncurrentVersionStorageTransition

# Obtain access credentials from environment variables. Before you run the sample code, make sure that the OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET environment variables are configured. 
auth = oss2.ProviderAuthV4(EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())

# Specify the endpoint of the region in which the bucket is located. For example, if the bucket is located in the China (Hangzhou) region, set the endpoint to https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com. 
endpoint = "https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com"
# Specify the ID of the region that maps to the endpoint. Example: cn-hangzhou. This parameter is required if you use the signature algorithm V4.
region = "cn-hangzhou"

# Specify the name of the bucket.
bucket = oss2.Bucket(auth, endpoint, "examplebucket", region=region)

# Create a lifecycle rule and set ID to rule1. Specify that the storage classes of objects whose names contain the logs prefix and whose size is greater than 64 KB are changed to IA 30 days after the objects are last accessed. In addition, specify that the objects are still stored as IA objects when the objects are accessed again. 
rule1 = LifecycleRule('rule1', 'logs', status=LifecycleRule.ENABLED)
rule1.storage_transitions = [StorageTransition(days=30, storage_class=oss2.BUCKET_STORAGE_CLASS_IA, is_access_time=True, return_to_std_when_visit=False, allow_small_file=True)]

# Create a lifecycle rule and set ID to rule2. Specify that the storage classes of the previous versions of the objects whose names contain the dir prefix and whose size is greater than 64 KB are changed to IA 10 days after the objects are last accessed. In addition, specify that the storage classes of the objects are changed to Standard when the objects are accessed again. 
rule2 = LifecycleRule('rule2', 'dir', status=LifecycleRule.ENABLED)
rule2.noncurrent_version_sotrage_transitions = [NoncurrentVersionStorageTransition(10, oss2.BUCKET_STORAGE_CLASS_IA, is_access_time=True, return_to_std_when_visit=True, allow_small_file=False)]

lifecycle = BucketLifecycle([rule1, rule2])

# Create the lifecycle rules. 
result = bucket.put_bucket_lifecycle(lifecycle)

print('The lifecycle configuration is successful. ' + str(result.status))

Consultar reglas de ciclo de vida

El siguiente código muestra cómo consultar las reglas de ciclo de vida configuradas para el bucket llamado examplebucket:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import oss2
from oss2.credentials import EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider
# Obtain access credentials from environment variables. Before you run the sample code, make sure that the OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET environment variables are configured. 
auth = oss2.ProviderAuthV4(EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())

# Specify the endpoint of the region in which the bucket is located. For example, if the bucket is located in the China (Hangzhou) region, set the endpoint to https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com. 
endpoint = "https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com"
# Specify the ID of the region that maps to the endpoint. Example: cn-hangzhou. This parameter is required if you use the signature algorithm V4.
region = "cn-hangzhou"

# Specify the name of the bucket.
bucket = oss2.Bucket(auth, endpoint, "examplebucket", region=region)

# Query the lifecycle rules. 
lifecycle = bucket.get_bucket_lifecycle()

for rule in lifecycle.rules:
    print('==========')
    # Query the IDs of the lifecycle rules. 
    print('id:', rule.id)
    # Query the prefix of the lifecycle rules. 
    print('prefix:', rule.prefix)
    # Query the status of the lifecycle rules. 
    print('status', rule.status)
    if rule.tagging is not None:
        # Query the tags of the lifecycle rules. 
        print('tagging:', rule.tagging)

    if rule.abort_multipart_upload is not None:
        if rule.abort_multipart_upload.days is not None:
            # Query the configurations of expired parts. 
            print('abort_multipart_upload days:', rule.abort_multipart_upload.days)
        else:
            print('abort_multipart_upload created_before_date:', rule.abort_multipart_upload.created_before_date)

    if rule.expiration is not None:
        if rule.expiration.days is not None:
            # Query the validity period of the lifecycle rules. 
            print('expiration days:', rule.expiration.days)
        elif rule.expiration.expired_detete_marker is not None:
            # Check whether expired delete markers are automatically removed. 
            print('expiration expired_detete_marker:', rule.expiration.expired_detete_marker)
        elif rule.expiration.created_before_date is not None:
            # Query the expiration date of the lifecycle rules. 
            print('expiration created_before_date:', rule.expiration.created_before_date)

    if len(rule.storage_transitions) > 0:
        storage_info = ''
        for storage_rule in rule.storage_transitions:
            if storage_rule.days is not None:
                storage_info += 'days={0}, storage_class={1} *** '.format(
                    storage_rule.days, storage_rule.storage_class)
            else:
                storage_info += 'created_before_date={0}, storage_class={1} *** '.format(
                    storage_rule.created_before_date, storage_rule.storage_class)
            # Check whether lifecycle rules are configured based on the last access time. Only OSS SDK for Python 2.16.1 and later support the feature. 
            storage_info += 'is_access_time={0}, return_to_std_when_visit={1} ***'.format(
                storage_rule.is_access_time, storage_rule.return_to_std_when_visit)
        print('storage_transitions:', storage_info)

    if len(rule.noncurrent_version_sotrage_transitions) > 0:
        noncurrent_storage_info = ''
        for storage_rule in rule.noncurrent_version_sotrage_transitions:
            noncurrent_storage_info += 'days={0}, storage_class={1} *** '.format(
                storage_rule.noncurrent_days, storage_rule.storage_class)
            # Check whether the storage classes of objects are changed to Standard when they are accessed again after their storage classes are changed to IA. Only OSS SDK for Python 2.16.1 and later support the feature. 
            noncurrent_storage_info += 'is_access_time={0}, return_to_std_when_visit={1} ***'.format(
                storage_rule.is_access_time, storage_rule.return_to_std_when_visit)
        # Query the rule that changes the storage classes of objects of previous versions. 
        print('noncurrent_version_sotrage_transitions:', noncurrent_storage_info)

    if rule.noncurrent_version_expiration is not None:
        # Query the expiration configurations for the previous versions of the objects. 
        print('noncurrent_version_expiration days:', rule.noncurrent_version_expiration.noncurrent_days)

Borrar reglas de ciclo de vida

El siguiente código muestra cómo borrar las reglas de ciclo de vida configuradas para un bucket llamado examplebucket. Si desea eliminar una o más reglas de ciclo de vida, consulte Lifecycle rules based on the last modified time.

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import oss2
from oss2.credentials import EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider

# Obtain access credentials from environment variables. Before you run the sample code, make sure that the OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID and OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET environment variables are configured. 
auth = oss2.ProviderAuthV4(EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider())

# Specify the endpoint of the region in which the bucket is located. For example, if the bucket is located in the China (Hangzhou) region, set the endpoint to https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com. 
endpoint = "https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com"
# Specify the ID of the region that maps to the endpoint. Example: cn-hangzhou. This parameter is required if you use the signature algorithm V4.
region = "cn-hangzhou"

# Specify the name of the bucket.
bucket = oss2.Bucket(auth, endpoint, "examplebucket", region=region)

# Delete the lifecycle rules. 
bucket.delete_bucket_lifecycle()

# An exception occurs when you query lifecycle rules again. 
try:
    lifecycle = bucket.get_bucket_lifecycle()
except oss2.exceptions.NoSuchLifecycle:
    print('lifecycle is not configured')
            

Referencias

  • Para ver el código de ejemplo completo sobre las reglas de ciclo de vida, visite GitHub.

  • Para obtener más información sobre la operación de API que permite configurar una regla de ciclo de vida, consulte PutBucketLifecycle.

  • Para obtener más información sobre la operación de API que permite consultar reglas de ciclo de vida, consulte GetBucketLifecycle.

  • Para obtener más información sobre la operación de API que permite borrar reglas de ciclo de vida, consulte DeleteBucketLifecycle.