No. The performance of single-row query and range query is not affected by the amount of stored data. The storage capacity of Tablestore can be scaled linearly with the cluster size, and does not affect the query speed of single-row query or range query. The query speed is not affected even if the count of rows reaches several hundred million or tens of billions.
In a high-performance instance (SSD-based), the query speed of single-row query is within milliseconds. If the size of a single row is small, the time required for the query is within 10 milliseconds.
For information about the API operations that you can call to query data, see GetRow, GetRange, and BatchGetRow.