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Simple Log Service:Parse Syslog messages in standard formats

Last Updated:Jul 23, 2024

Syslog is an industry-standard protocol that can be used to record device logs. Syslog is commonly used in network management tools, security management systems, and log audit systems. This topic describes how to use the Grok function in the Domain Specific Language (DSL) of Simple Log Service to parse Syslog messages in different formats.

Overview

Syslog is widely used for message logging in UNIX-like operating systems. Syslog messages can be recorded in local files or sent to Syslog servers over the Internet. Each server can store and parse Syslog messages of multiple devices.

Background information

Traditional Syslog messages are in random formats due to a lack of Syslog standards. In some cases, Syslog messages may fail to be parsed because they can be considered only as strings. Therefore, correctness is the first priority when you parse Syslog messages in different formats.

Syslog protocols

Two Syslog protocols are commonly used in the industry: RFC 5424 issued in 2009 and RFC 3164 issued in 2001. This section describes the differences between the two protocols to help you better use the Grok function to parse Syslog messages.

  • RFC 5424

    Syslog messages that use the RFC 5424 protocol contain the following fields. For more information, see RFC 5424 - The Syslog Protocol.

    PRI VERSION SP TIMESTAMP SP HOSTNAME SP APP-NAME SP PROCID SP MSGID

    The following examples describe these fields:

    """
    Example1:
    <34>1 2019-07-11T22:14:15.003Z aliyun.example.com ali - ID47 - BOM'su user' failed for lonvick on /dev/pts/8
    """
    PRI -- 34
    VERSION -- 1
    TIMESTAMP -- 2019-07-11T22:14:15.003Z
    HOSTNAME -- aliyun.example.com
    APP-NAME -- ali
    PROCID -- None
    MSGID -- ID47
    MESSAGE -- 'su user' failed for lonvick on /dev/pts/8
    """
    Example2:
    <165>1 2019-07-11T22:14:15.000003-07:00 192.0.2.1 myproc 8710 - - %% It's time to make the do-nuts.
    """
    PRI -- 165
    VERSION -- 1
    TIMESTAMP -- 2019-07-11T05:14:15.000003-07:00
    HOSTNAME -- 192.0.2.1
    APP-NAME -- myproc
    PROCID -- 8710
    STRUCTURED-DATA -- "-"
    MSGID -- "-"
    MESSAGE -- "%% It's time to make the do-nuts."
    """
    Example3: - with STRUCTURED-DATA
    <165>1 2019-07-11T22:14:15.003Z aliyun.example.com
               evntslog - ID47 [exampleSDID@32473 iut="3" eventSource=
               "Application" eventID="1011"] BOMAn application
               event log entry...
    """
    PRI -- 165
    VERSION -- 1
    TIMESTAMP -- 2019-07-11T22:14:15.003Z
    HOSTNAME -- aliyun.example.com
    APP-NAME -- evntslog
    PROCID -- "-"
    MSGID -- ID47
    STRUCTURED-DATA -- [exampleSDID@32473 iut="3" eventSource="Application" eventID="1011"]
    MESSAGE -- An application event log entry...
  • RFC 3164

    Syslog messages that use the RFC 3164 protocol contain the following fields. For more information, see RFC 3164 - The BSD Syslog Protocol.

    PRI HEADER[TIME HOSTNAME] MSG

    The following example describes these fields:

    """
    <30>Oct 9 22:33:20 hlfedora auditd[1787]: The audit daemon is exiting.
    """
    PRI -- 30
    HEADER
    - TIME -- Oct 9 22:33:20
    - HOSTNAME -- hlfedora
    MSG
    - TAG -- auditd[1787]
    - Content --The audit daemon is exiting.

Parse Syslog messages in common formats by using the Grok function

This section describes how to use the Grok function to parse Syslog messages in common formats. For more information about Grok rules, see Grok patterns.

  • TraditionalFormat

    • Raw log entry

        receive_time: 1558663265
        __topic__:
        content: May  5 10:20:57 iZbp1a65x3r1vhpe94fi2qZ systemd: Started System Logging Service.
    • DSL orchestration

      e_regex('content', grok('%{SYSLOGBASE} %{GREEDYDATA:message}'))
    • Result

        receive_time: 1558663265
        __topic__:
        content: May  5 10:20:57 iZbp1a65x3r1vhpe94fi2qZ systemd: Started System Logging Service.
        timestamp: May  5 10:20:57
        logsource: iZbp1a65x3r1vhpe94fi2qZ
        program: systemd
        message: Started System Logging Service.
  • FileFormat

    • Raw log entry

        receive_time: 1558663265
        __topic__:
        content: 2019-05-06T09:26:07.874593+08:00 iZbp1a65x3r1vhpe94fi2qZ user: 834753
    • DSL orchestration

      e_regex('content',grok('%{TIMESTAMP_ISO8601:timestamp} %{SYSLOGHOST:hostname} %{SYSLOGPROG} %{GREEDYDATA:message}'))
    • Result

        receive_time: 1558663265
        __topic__:
        content: 2019-05-06T09:26:07.874593+08:00 iZbp1a65x3r1vhpe94fi2qZ user: 834753
        timestamp: 2019-05-06T09:26:07.874593+08:00
        hostname: iZbp1a65x3r1vhpe94fi2qZ
        program: user
        message: 834753
  • RSYSLOG_SyslogProtocol23Format

    • Raw log entry

        receive_time: 1558663265
        __topic__:
        content: <13>1 2019-05-06T11:50:16.015554+08:00 iZbp1a65x3r1vhpe94fi2qZ user - - - twish
    • DSL orchestration

      e_regex('content',grok('%{POSINT:priority}>%{NUMBER:version} %{TIMESTAMP_ISO8601:timestamp} %{SYSLOGHOST:hostname} %{PROG:program} - - - %{GREEDYDATA:message}'))
    • Result

        receive_time: 1558663265
        __topic__:
        content: <13>1 2019-05-06T11:50:16.015554+08:00 iZbp1a65x3r1vhpe94fi2qZ user - - - twish
        priority: 13
        version: 1
        timestamp: 2019-05-06T11:50:16.015554+08:00
        hostname: iZbp1a65x3r1vhpe94fi2qZ
        program: user
        message: twish
  • RSYSLOG_DebugFormat

    • Log content

        receive_time: 1558663265
        __topic__:
        content: 2019-05-06T14:29:37.558854+08:00 iZbp1a65x3r1vhpe94fi2qZ user: environment
    • DSL orchestration

      e_regex('content',grok('%{TIMESTAMP_ISO8601:timestamp} %{SYSLOGHOST:hostname} %{SYSLOGPROG} %{GREEDYDATA:message}'))
    • Result

        receive_time: 1558663265
        __topic__:
        content: 2019-05-06T14:29:37.558854+08:00 iZbp1a65x3r1vhpe94fi2qZ user: environment
        timestamp: 2019-05-06T14:29:37.558854+08:00 
        hostname: iZbp1a65x3r1vhpe94fi2qZ
        program: user
        message: environment

Parse Syslog messages in uncommon formats by using the Grok function

This section describes how to use the Grok function to parse Syslog messages in two uncommon formats: FluentRFC5424 and FluentRFC3164. These messages are collected by using the Fluent software.

  • FluentRFC5424

    • Log content

        receive_time: 1558663265
        __topic__:
        content: <16>1 2019-02-28T12:00:00.003Z 192.168.0.1 aliyun 11111 ID24224 [exampleSDID@20224 iut='3' eventSource='Application' eventID='11211] Hi, from Fluentd!
    • DSL orchestration

      e_regex('content',grok('%{POSINT:priority}>%{NUMBER:version} %{TIMESTAMP_ISO8601:timestamp} %{SYSLOGHOST:hostname} %{WORD:ident} %{USER:pid} %{USERNAME:msgid} (? P<extradata>(\[(. *)\]|[^ ])) %{GREEDYDATA:message}'))
    • Result

        receive_time: 1558663265
        __topic__:
        content: <16>1 2019-02-28T12:00:00.003Z 192.168.0.1 aliyun 11111 ID24224 [exampleSDID@20224 iut='3' eventSource='Application' eventID='11211] Hi, from aliyun!
        priority: 16
        version: 1
        timestamp: 2019-02-28T12:00:00.003Z
        hostname: 192.168.0.1
        ident: aliyun
        pid: 11111
        msgid: ID24224
        extradata: [exampleSDID@20224 iut='3' eventSource='Application' eventID='11211]
        message: Hi, from aliyun!
  • FluentRFC3164

    • Log content

        receive_time: 1558663265
        __topic__:
        content: <6>Feb 28 12:00:00 192.168.0.1 aliyun[11111]: [error] Syslog test
    • DSL orchestration

      e_regex('content', grok('%{POSINT:priority}>%{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:timestamp} %{SYSLOGHOST:hostname} %{WORD:ident}(? P<pid>(\[[a-zA-Z0-9. _-]+\]|[^:])): (? P<level>(\[(\w+)\]|[^ ])) %{GREEDYDATA:message}'))
    • Result

       receive_time: 1558663265
        __topic__:
        content: <6>Feb 28 12:00:00 192.168.0.1 aliyun[11111]: [error] Syslog test
        priority: 6
        timestamp: Feb 28 12:00:00
        hostname: 192.168.0.1
        ident: aliyun
        pid: [11111]
        level: [error]
        message: Syslog test
  • Parse the priority field in a log entry

    After you parse the Syslog messages in the FluentRFC5424 and FluentRFC3164 formats, you can further parse the priority field to obtain information about facility and severity. For more information about how to use RFC5424, see e_syslogrfc. Example

    • Raw log entry

      receive_time: 1558663265
        __topic__:
        content: <13>1 2019-05-06T11:50:16.015554+08:00 iZbp1a65x3r1vhpe94fi2qZ user - - - twish
        priority: 13
        version: 1
        timestamp: 2019-05-06T11:50:16.015554+08:00
        hostname: iZbp1a65x3r1vhpe94fi2qZ
        program: user
        message: twish
    • DSL orchestration

      e_syslogrfc("priority","SYSLOGRFC5424")
    • Result

        receive_time: 1558663265
        __topic__:
        content: <13>1 2019-05-06T11:50:16.015554+08:00 iZbp1a65x3r1vhpe94fi2qZ user - - - twish
        priority: 13
        version: 1
        timestamp: 2019-05-06T11:50:16.015554+08:00
        hostname: iZbp1a65x3r1vhpe94fi2qZ
        program: user
        message: twish
        _facility_: 1
        _severity_: 5
        _severitylabel_: Notice: normal but significant condition
        _facilitylabel_: user-level messages