Import key material

Import key material in the KMS console

1. Create an external key.
   1. Log on to the KMS console.
   2. In the top navigation bar, select the region where you want to create an external key.
   3. In the left-side navigation pane, click Keys.
   4. In the upper-left corner of the page that appears, click Create Key.
   5. In the Create Key dialog box, specify Key Spec.
      Set Key Spec to Aliyun_AES_256. For more information about key types, see Types of symmetric keys.
   6. Specify Alias Name, Description, and Rotation Period.
   7. Click Advanced and set Key Material Source to External.
   8. Select I understand the implications of using the external key materials key. and click OK.
2. Obtain the parameters that are used to import key material.
   These parameters include a public key and an import token. The public key is used to encrypt the key material.
   1. In the left-side navigation pane, click Keys.
   2. Find the CMK to which you want to import key material and click its alias to go to the key management page.
   3. In the Key Material section, click Key Encryption Material.
   4. In the Key Encryption Material dialog box, set Wrapping Algorithm to RSAES_OAEP_SHA_1 and click Next.
      KMS supports the following encryption algorithms: RSAES_PKCS1_V1_5, RSAES_OAEP_SHA_1, and RSAES_OAEP_SHA_256. The default encryption algorithm is RSAES_PKCS1_V1_5. In this example, RSAES_OAEP_SHA_1 is used.
   5. Click Download next to Public Key and that next to Import Token to download the required public key and import token. Then, click Close.
3. Use OpenSSL to encrypt key material.
   The public key is a 2048-bit Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) public key. The encryption algorithm must be consistent with the algorithm specified when you obtain the import parameters. The public key is Base64 encoded. You must first decode the public key. You can use the public key encrypted by using the OpenSSL to obtain your key material.
   1. Create key material and use OpenSSL to generate a 32-byte random number.
   2. Base64 decode the public key that is used to encrypt the key material.
   3. Use an encryption algorithm such as RSAES_OAEP_SHA_1 to encrypt the key material.
   4. Base64 encode the encrypted key material and save it as a text file.

      openssl rand -out KeyMaterial.bin 32
      openssl enc -d -base64 -A -in PublicKey_base64.txt -out PublicKey.bin
      openssl rsautl -encrypt -in KeyMaterial.bin -oaep -inkey PublicKey.bin  -keyform DER  -pubin -out EncryptedKeyMaterial.bin
      openssl enc -e -base64 -A -in EncryptedKeyMaterial.bin -out EncryptedKeyMaterial_base64.txt

4. Import key material.

   You can import key material into an external key that has never had key material. You can also reset the expiration time of key material or re-import key material that has expired or been deleted.

   Each import token is bound to a public key that is used to encrypt key material. A CMK is specified when an import token is generated. The import token can only be used to import key material into the specified CMK. The lifecycle of an import token is 24 hours. It can be used repeatedly within this period. After it expires, you must obtain a new import token and a new public key.

   1. In the left-side navigation pane, click Keys.
   2. Find the CMK to which you want to import key material and click its alias to go to the key management page.
   3. In the Key Material section, click Import Key Material.
   4. In the Import Key Material dialog box, specify the following parameters:
      • Encrypted Key Material: Upload the key material text file generated in Step 3.
      • Import Token: Upload the import token text file obtained in Step 2.
   5. Specify Valid Until and click OK.
      After the key material is imported, the state of the key changes from Pending Import to Enabled.

Import key material by using Alibaba Cloud CLI

1. Create an external key.
   Run the aliyun kms CreateKey command to call the CreateKey operation to set Origin to EXTERNAL.

   aliyun kms CreateKey --Origin EXTERNAL --Description "External key"

2. Obtain the parameters that are used to import key material.
   Run the aliyun kms GetParametersForImport command to call the GetParametersForImport operation to obtain the parameters that are used to import key material.

   aliyun kms GetParametersForImport --KeyId 1339cb7d-54d3-47e0-b595-c7d3dba8**** --WrappingAlgorithm RSAES_OAEP_SHA_1 --WrappingKeySpec RSA_2048

3. Import key material.
   1. Use the public key to encrypt the key material.

      The public key is a 2048-bit RSA public key. The encryption algorithm must be consistent with the algorithm specified when you obtain the import parameters. The public key returned when you call the GetParametersForImport operation is Base64 encoded. You must first decode the public key. KMS supports the following encryption algorithms: RSAES_OAEP_SHA_1, RSAES_OAEP_SHA_256, and RSAES_PKCS1_V1_5.

   2. Base64 encode the encrypted key material.
   3. Run the aliyun kms ImportKeyMaterial command to call the ImportKeyMaterial operation to import the encoded key material and the import token to KMS.

      aliyun kms ImportKeyMaterial --KeyId 1339cb7d-54d3-47e0-b595-c7d3dba8**** --EncryptedKeyMaterial xxx --ImportToken xxxx

Sample code

• JAVA SDK

  //Use the latest KMS SDK for Java.
  //KmsClient.java
  
  import com.aliyuncs.kms.model.v20160120.*;
  import com.aliyuncs.profile.DefaultProfile;
  
  //KMS API encapsulation
  public class KmsClient {
          DefaultAcsClient client;
  
          public KmsClient( String region_id, String ak, String secret) {
                  DefaultProfile profile = DefaultProfile.getProfile(region_id, ak, secret);
                  this.client = new DefaultAcsClient(profile);
          }
  
          public CreateKeyResponse createKey() throws Exception {
                  CreateKeyRequest request = new CreateKeyRequest();
                  request.setOrigin("EXTERNAL"); //Create an external key.
                  return this.client.getAcsResponse(request);
          }
          //... Omitted. The remaining operations are the same as those in the API method.
  }
  //example.java
  import com.aliyuncs.kms.model.v20160120.*;
  import KmsClient
  import java.security.KeyFactory;
  import java.security.PublicKey;
  import java.security.spec.MGF1ParameterSpec;
  import javax.crypto.Cipher;
  import javax.crypto.spec.OAEPParameterSpec;
  import javax.crypto.spec.PSource.PSpecified;
  import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
  import java.util.Random;
  import javax.xml.bind.DatatypeConverter;
  
  public class CreateAndImportExample {
          public static void main(String[] args) {
                  String regionId = "cn-hangzhou";
          String accessKeyId = "*** Provide your AccessKeyId ***";
          String accessKeySecret = "*** Provide your AccessKeySecret ***";
          KmsClient kmsclient = new KmsClient(regionId,accessKeyId,accessKeySecret);
          //Create an external key.
          try {
                  CreateKeyResponse keyResponse = kmsclient.createKey();
                  String keyId = keyResponse.KeyMetadata.getKeyId();
                  //Generate a 32-byte random number.
                  byte[] keyMaterial = new byte[32];
                  new Random().nextBytes(keyMaterial);
                  //Obtain the parameters that are used to import key material.
                  GetParametersForImportResponse paramResponse = kmsclient.getParametersForImport(keyId,"RSAES_OAEP_SHA_256");
                  String importToekn = paramResponse.getImportToken();
                  String encryptPublicKey = paramResponse.getPublicKey();
                  //Base64 decode the public key.
                  byte[] publicKeyDer = DatatypeConverter.parseBase64Binary(encryptPublicKey);
                  //Use RSA to parse the public key.
                  KeyFactory keyFact = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
                  X509EncodedKeySpec spec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(publicKeyDer);
                  PublicKey publicKey = keyFact.generatePublic(spec);
                  //Encrypt the key material.
                  Cipher oaepFromAlgo = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/ECB/OAEPWithSHA-1AndMGF1Padding");
                  String hashFunc = "SHA-256";
                  OAEPParameterSpec oaepParams = new OAEPParameterSpec(hashFunc, "MGF1", new MGF1ParameterSpec(hashFunc), PSpecified.DEFAULT);
                  oaepFromAlgo.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey, oaepParams);
                  byte[] cipherDer = oaepFromAlgo.doFinal(keyMaterial);
                  //Base64 encode the encrypted key material.
                  String encryptedKeyMaterial = DatatypeConverter.printBase64Binary(cipherDer);
                  //Import the key material.
                  Long expireTimestamp = 1546272000L; //UNIX timestamp, precise to the second. The value 0 indicates that the key material does not expire.
                          kmsClient.importKeyMaterial(keyId,encryptedKeyMaterial, expireTimestamp);
          } catch(Exception e) {
                  //... Omitted.
          }
          }
  }

• Go SDK

  package main
  
  import (
      "crypto/rand"
      "crypto/rsa"
      "crypto/sha256"
      "crypto/x509"
      "encoding/base64"
      "fmt"
      "log"
      random "math/rand"
      "time"
  
      "github.com/aliyun/alibaba-cloud-sdk-go/services/kms"
  )
  
  //Encapsulate the CreateKey operation.
  func kmsCreateKey(client *kms.Client) (string, error) {
      request := kms.CreateCreateKeyRequest()
      request.Scheme = "https"
      request.Origin = "EXTERNAL" //Create an external key.
      response, err := client.CreateKey(request)
      if err ! = nil {
          return "", fmt.Errorf("CreateKey error:%v", err)
      }
      return response.KeyMetadata.KeyId, nil
  }
  
  //Encapsulate the GetParametersForImport operation.
  func kmsGetParametersForImport(client *kms.Client, keyId, wrappingKeySpec, wrappingAlgorithm string) (string, string, error) {
      request := kms.CreateGetParametersForImportRequest()
      request.Scheme = "https"
      request.KeyId = keyId
      request.WrappingKeySpec = wrappingKeySpec
      request.WrappingAlgorithm = wrappingAlgorithm
      response, err := client.GetParametersForImport(request)
      if err ! = nil {
          return "", "", fmt.Errorf("GetParametersForImport error:%v", err)
      }
      return response.PublicKey, response.ImportToken, nil
  }
  
  //Encapsulate the ImportKeyMaterial operation.
  func kmsImportKeyMaterial(client *kms.Client, keyId, importToken, encryptedKeyMaterial string) error {
      request := kms.CreateImportKeyMaterialRequest()
      request.Scheme = "https"
      request.KeyId = keyId
      request.ImportToken = importToken
      request.EncryptedKeyMaterial = encryptedKeyMaterial
      _, err := client.ImportKeyMaterial(request)
      if err ! = nil {
          return fmt.Errorf("ImportKeyMaterial error:%v", err)
      }
      return nil
  }
  
  func randBytes(n int) []byte {
      var r = random.New(random.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano()))
      bytes := make([]byte, n)
      for i := range bytes {
          bytes[i] = byte(r.Intn(256))
      }
      return bytes
  }
  
  func main() {
      accessKeyId := "*** Provide your AccessKeyId ***"
      accessKeySecret := "*** Provide your AccessKeySecret ***"
      regionId := "cn-hangzhou"
      client, err := kms.NewClientWithAccessKey(regionId, accessKeyId, accessKeySecret)
      if err ! = nil {
          log.Fatalf("NewClientWithAccessKey error:%+v\n", err)
      }
      //Create an external key.
      keyId, err := kmsCreateKey(client)
      if err ! = nil {
          log.Fatalf("kmsCreateKey error:%+v\n", err)
      }
      //The following sample code is executed to generate a 32-byte random number. In actual scenarios, you need to generate a key in your own key management system. In addition, you must use the public key in the parameters that are used to import key material to encrypt the key material.
      keyMaterial := randBytes(32)
      //Obtain the parameters that are used to import key material.
      encryptPublicKey, importToken, err := kmsGetParametersForImport(client, keyId, "RSA_2048", "RSAES_OAEP_SHA_256")
      if err ! = nil {
          log.Fatalf("kmsGetParametersForImport error:%v\n", err)
      }
      //Base64 decode the public key.
      publicKeyDer, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(encryptPublicKey)
      if err ! = nil {
          log.Fatalf("base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString error:%v\n", err)
      }
      //Use RSA to parse the public key.
      publicKey, err := x509.ParsePKIXPublicKey(publicKeyDer)
      if err ! = nil {
          log.Fatalf("x509.ParsePKIXPublicKey error:%v\n", err)
      }
      //Encrypt the key material.
      cipherDer, err := rsa.EncryptOAEP(sha256.New(), rand.Reader, publicKey.(*rsa.PublicKey), keyMaterial, nil)
      if err ! = nil {
          log.Fatalf("rsa.EncryptOAEP error:%v\n", err)
      }
      //Base64 encode the encrypted key material.
      encryptedKeyMaterial := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(cipherDer)
      //Import the key material.
      err = kmsImportKeyMaterial(client, keyId, importToken, encryptedKeyMaterial)
      if err ! = nil {
          log.Fatalf("ImportKeyMaterial error:%v", err)
      }
  }