This topic describes the Standardization component provided by Machine Learning Designer (formerly known as Machine Learning Studio).

Background information

  • You can standardize one or more columns in a table and save the generated data to a new table.
  • The following formula is used for standardization: (X - Mean)/(Standard deviation)
    • Mean: the mean of samples.
    • Standard deviation: the standard deviation of samples. The standard deviation is used when samples are used to calculate the total deviation. To make the value obtained after standardization closer to the mean, you must moderately increase the calculated standard deviation by using the formula standard deviation.
    • The formula used to calculate the standard deviation of samples is expression.

      x represents the mean of samples X1, X2, ..., and Xn.

Configure the component

You can use one of the following methods to configure the Standardization component.

Method 1: Configure the component on the pipeline page

Configure the component parameters on the pipeline page of Machine Learning Designer.
TabParameterDescription
Fields SettingAll Selected by DefaultBy default, all columns in the input table are selected. Specific columns may not be used for training. These columns do not affect the prediction result.
Reserve Original ColumnsSpecifies whether to reserve original columns. Column names are prefixed with stdized_ after standardization. Only columns of the DOUBLE or BIGINT type can be reserved.
TuningCoresThe number of cores. The system automatically allocates cores used for training based on the volume of input data.
Memory Size per CoreThe memory size of each core. The system automatically allocates the memory based on the volume of input data. Unit: MB.

Method 2: Use PAI commands

Configure the component parameters by using PAI commands. You can use the SQL Script component to call PAI commands. For more information, see SQL Script.
  • Command for dense data
    PAI -name Standardize
        -project algo_public 
        -DkeepOriginal="false"    
        -DoutputTableName="test_5"
        -DinputTablePartitions="pt=20150501"  
        -DinputTableName="bank_data_partition" 
        -DselectedColNames="euribor3m,pdays"
  • Command for sparse data
    PAI -name Standardize    
        -project projectxlib4
        -DkeepOriginal="true"
        -DoutputTableName="kv_standard_output"
        -DinputTableName=kv_standard_test
        -DselectedColNames="f0,f1,f2"
        -DenableSparse=true
        -DoutputParaTableName=kv_standard_model    
        -DkvIndices=1,2,8,6
        -DitemDelimiter=",";
ParameterRequiredDescriptionDefault value
inputTableNameYesThe name of the input table. No default value
selectedColNamesNoThe columns that are selected from the input table for training. The column names must be separated by commas (,). Columns of the INT and DOUBLE types are supported. If the input data is in the sparse format, columns of the STRING type are supported. All columns
inputTablePartitionsNoThe partitions that are selected from the input table for training. The following formats are supported:
  • Partition_name=value
  • name1=value1/name2=value2: multi-level partitions
Note If you specify multiple partitions, separate them with commas (,).
All partitions
outputTableNameYesThe name of the output table. No default value
outputParaTableNameYesThe name of the output parameter table. No default value
inputParaTableNameNoThe name of the input parameter table. No default value
keepOriginalNoSpecifies whether to reserve original columns. Valid values:
  • true: renames the standardized columns with the stdized_ prefix and reserves original columns.
  • false: reserves all columns without renaming them.
false
lifecycleNoThe lifecycle of the output table. No default value
coreNumNoThe number of cores. Determined by the system
memSizePerCoreNoThe memory size of each core. Determined by the system
enableSparseNoSpecifies whether to support the input data in the sparse format. Valid values:
  • true
  • false
false
itemDelimiterNoThe delimiter used between key-value pairs. ,
kvDelimiterNoThe delimiter used between keys and values. :
kvIndicesNoThe feature indexes that require standardization in the table that contains data in the key-value format. No default value

Example

Generate input data
drop table if exists standardize_test_input;
create table standardize_test_input(
    col_string string,
    col_bigint bigint,
    col_double double,
    col_boolean boolean,
    col_datetime datetime);
insert overwrite table standardize_test_input
select
    *
from
(
    select
        '01' as col_string,
        10 as col_bigint,
        10.1 as col_double,
        True as col_boolean,
        cast('2016-07-01 10:00:00' as datetime) as col_datetime
    from dual
    union all
        select
            cast(null as string) as col_string,
            11 as col_bigint,
            10.2 as col_double,
            False as col_boolean,
            cast('2016-07-02 10:00:00' as datetime) as col_datetime
        from dual
    union all
        select
            '02' as col_string,
            cast(null as bigint) as col_bigint,
            10.3 as col_double,
            True as col_boolean,
            cast('2016-07-03 10:00:00' as datetime) as col_datetime
        from dual
    union all
        select
            '03' as col_string,
            12 as col_bigint,
            cast(null as double) as col_double,
            False as col_boolean,
            cast('2016-07-04 10:00:00' as datetime) as col_datetime
        from dual
    union all
        select
            '04' as col_string,
            13 as col_bigint,
            10.4 as col_double,
            cast(null as boolean) as col_boolean,
            cast('2016-07-05 10:00:00' as datetime) as col_datetime
        from dual
    union all
        select
            '05' as col_string,
            14 as col_bigint,
            10.5 as col_double,
            True as col_boolean,
            cast(null as datetime) as col_datetime
        from dual
) tmp;
  • Run PAI commands
    drop table if exists standardize_test_input_output;
    drop table if exists standardize_test_input_model_output;
    PAI -name Standardize
        -project algo_public
        -DoutputParaTableName="standardize_test_input_model_output"
        -Dlifecycle="28"
        -DoutputTableName="standardize_test_input_output"
        -DinputTableName="standardize_test_input"
        -DselectedColNames="col_double,col_bigint"
        -DkeepOriginal="true";
    drop table if exists standardize_test_input_output_using_model;
    drop table if exists standardize_test_input_output_using_model_model_output;
    PAI -name Standardize
        -project algo_public
        -DoutputParaTableName="standardize_test_input_output_using_model_model_output"
        -DinputParaTableName="standardize_test_input_model_output"
        -Dlifecycle="28"
        -DoutputTableName="standardize_test_input_output_using_model"
        -DinputTableName="standardize_test_input";
  • Input
    standardize_test_input
    col_stringcol_bigintcol_doublecol_booleancol_datetime
    011010.1true2016-07-01 10:00:00
    NULL1110.2false2016-07-02 10:00:00
    02NULL10.3true2016-07-03 10:00:00
    0312NULLfalse2016-07-04 10:00:00
    041310.4NULL2016-07-05 10:00:00
    051410.5trueNULL
  • Output
    • standardize_test_input_output
      col_stringcol_bigintcol_doublecol_booleancol_datetimestdized_col_bigintstdized_col_double
      011010.1true2016-07-01 10:00:00-1.2649110640673518-1.2649110640683832
      NULL1110.2false2016-07-02 10:00:00-0.6324555320336759-0.6324555320341972
      02NULL10.3true2016-07-03 10:00:00NULL0.0
      0312NULLfalse2016-07-04 10:00:000.0NULL
      041310.4NULL2016-07-05 10:00:000.63245553203367590.6324555320341859
      051410.5trueNULL1.26491106406735181.2649110640683718
    • standardize_test_input_model_output
      featurejson
      col_bigint{"name": "standardize", "type":"bigint", "paras":{"mean":12, "std": 1.58113883008419}}
      col_double{"name": "standardize", "type":"double", "paras":{"mean":10.3, "std": 0.1581138830082909}}
    • standardize_test_input_output_using_model
      col_stringcol_bigintcol_doublecol_booleancol_datetime
      01-1.2649110640673515-1.264911064068383true2016-07-01 10:00:00
      NULL-0.6324555320336758-0.6324555320341971false2016-07-02 10:00:00
      02NULL0.0true2016-07-03 10:00:00
      030.0NULLfalse2016-07-04 10:00:00
      040.63245553203367580.6324555320341858NULL2016-07-05 10:00:00
      051.26491106406735151.2649110640683716trueNULL
    • standardize_test_input_output_using_model_model_output
      featurejson
      col_bigint{"name": "standardize", "type":"bigint", "paras":{"mean":12, "std": 1.58113883008419}}
      col_double{"name": "standardize", "type":"double", "paras":{"mean":10.3, "std": 0.1581138830082909}}