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对象存储 OSS:Java简单上传

更新时间:Dec 20, 2023

简单上传是指通过PutObject方法上传单个文件(Object)。简单上传包括流式上传和文件上传,流式上传使用InputStream作为OSS文件的数据源,文件上传使用本地文件作为OSS文件的数据源。本文介绍如何使用流式上传和文件上传方式上传文件。

注意事项

  • 本文以华东1(杭州)外网Endpoint为例。如果您希望通过与OSS同地域的其他阿里云产品访问OSS,请使用内网Endpoint。关于OSS支持的Region与Endpoint的对应关系,请参见访问域名和数据中心

  • 本文以从环境变量读取访问凭证为例。如何配置访问凭证,请参见Java配置访问凭证

  • 本文以OSS域名新建OSSClient为例。如果您希望通过自定义域名、STS等方式新建OSSClient,请参见新建OSSClient

  • 要简单上传,您必须有oss:PutObject权限。具体操作,请参见为RAM用户授权自定义的权限策略

流式上传

使用流式上传,您可以将数据流上传到OSS文件。

说明

如果OSS文件存在,则上传的数据会覆盖该文件的内容;如果OSS文件不存在,则会新建该文件。

上传字符串

以下代码用于将字符串上传到目标存储空间examplebucket中exampledir目录下的exampleobject.txt文件。

import com.aliyun.oss.ClientException;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSS;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.*;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSClientBuilder;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSException;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.PutObjectRequest;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.PutObjectResult;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;

public class Demo {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // Endpoint以华东1(杭州)为例,其它Region请按实际情况填写。
        String endpoint = "https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com";
        // 从环境变量中获取访问凭证。运行本代码示例之前,请确保已设置环境变量OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID和OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET。
        EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderFactory.newEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider();
        // 填写Bucket名称,例如examplebucket。
        String bucketName = "examplebucket";
        // 填写Object完整路径,完整路径中不能包含Bucket名称,例如exampledir/exampleobject.txt。
        String objectName = "exampledir/exampleobject.txt";

        // 创建OSSClient实例。
        OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(endpoint, credentialsProvider);

        try {
            // 填写字符串。
            String content = "Hello OSS,你好世界";

            // 创建PutObjectRequest对象。
            PutObjectRequest putObjectRequest = new PutObjectRequest(bucketName, objectName, new ByteArrayInputStream(content.getBytes()));

            // 如果需要上传时设置存储类型和访问权限,请参考以下示例代码。
            // ObjectMetadata metadata = new ObjectMetadata();
            // metadata.setHeader(OSSHeaders.OSS_STORAGE_CLASS, StorageClass.Standard.toString());
            // metadata.setObjectAcl(CannedAccessControlList.Private);
            // putObjectRequest.setMetadata(metadata);
           
            // 上传字符串。
            PutObjectResult result = ossClient.putObject(putObjectRequest);            
        } catch (OSSException oe) {
            System.out.println("Caught an OSSException, which means your request made it to OSS, "
                    + "but was rejected with an error response for some reason.");
            System.out.println("Error Message:" + oe.getErrorMessage());
            System.out.println("Error Code:" + oe.getErrorCode());
            System.out.println("Request ID:" + oe.getRequestId());
            System.out.println("Host ID:" + oe.getHostId());
        } catch (ClientException ce) {
            System.out.println("Caught an ClientException, which means the client encountered "
                    + "a serious internal problem while trying to communicate with OSS, "
                    + "such as not being able to access the network.");
            System.out.println("Error Message:" + ce.getMessage());
        } finally {
            if (ossClient != null) {
                ossClient.shutdown();
            }
        }
    }
}   

上传Byte数组

以下代码用于将Byte数组上传到目标存储空间examplebucket中exampledir目录下的exampleobject.txt文件。

import com.aliyun.oss.ClientException;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSS;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.*;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSClientBuilder;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSException;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.PutObjectRequest;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.PutObjectResult;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;

public class Demo {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // Endpoint以华东1(杭州)为例,其它Region请按实际情况填写。
        String endpoint = "https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com";
        // 从环境变量中获取访问凭证。运行本代码示例之前,请确保已设置环境变量OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID和OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET。
        EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderFactory.newEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider();
        // 填写Bucket名称,例如examplebucket。
        String bucketName = "examplebucket";
        // 填写Object完整路径,完整路径中不能包含Bucket名称,例如exampledir/exampleobject.txt。
        String objectName = "exampledir/exampleobject.txt";


        // 创建OSSClient实例。
        OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(endpoint, credentialsProvider);

        try {
            // 填写Byte数组。
            byte[] content = "Hello OSS, 你好世界".getBytes();
            // 创建PutObjectRequest对象。
            PutObjectRequest putObjectRequest = new PutObjectRequest(bucketName, objectName, new ByteArrayInputStream(content));
            
            // 创建PutObject请求。
            PutObjectResult result = ossClient.putObject(putObjectRequest);            
        } catch (OSSException oe) {
            System.out.println("Caught an OSSException, which means your request made it to OSS, "
                    + "but was rejected with an error response for some reason.");
            System.out.println("Error Message:" + oe.getErrorMessage());
            System.out.println("Error Code:" + oe.getErrorCode());
            System.out.println("Request ID:" + oe.getRequestId());
            System.out.println("Host ID:" + oe.getHostId());
        } catch (ClientException ce) {
            System.out.println("Caught an ClientException, which means the client encountered "
                    + "a serious internal problem while trying to communicate with OSS, "
                    + "such as not being able to access the network.");
            System.out.println("Error Message:" + ce.getMessage());
        } finally {
            if (ossClient != null) {
                ossClient.shutdown();
            }
        }
    }
}

上传网络流

以下代码用于将网络流上传到目标存储空间examplebucket中exampledir目录下的exampleobject.txt文件。

import com.aliyun.oss.ClientException;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSS;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.*;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSClientBuilder;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSException;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.PutObjectRequest;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.PutObjectResult;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.URL;

public class Demo {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // Endpoint以华东1(杭州)为例,其它Region请按实际情况填写。
        String endpoint = "https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com";
        // 从环境变量中获取访问凭证。运行本代码示例之前,请确保已设置环境变量OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID和OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET。
        EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderFactory.newEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider();
        // 填写Bucket名称,例如examplebucket。
        String bucketName = "examplebucket";
        // 填写Object完整路径,完整路径中不能包含Bucket名称,例如exampledir/exampleobject.txt。
        String objectName = "exampledir/exampleobject.txt";
        // 填写网络流地址。
        String url = "https://www.aliyun.com/";

        // 创建OSSClient实例。
        OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(endpoint, credentialsProvider);

        try {
            InputStream inputStream = new URL(url).openStream();
            // 创建PutObjectRequest对象。
            PutObjectRequest putObjectRequest = new PutObjectRequest(bucketName, objectName, inputStream);
            // 创建PutObject请求。
            PutObjectResult result = ossClient.putObject(putObjectRequest);            
        } catch (OSSException oe) {
            System.out.println("Caught an OSSException, which means your request made it to OSS, "
                    + "but was rejected with an error response for some reason.");
            System.out.println("Error Message:" + oe.getErrorMessage());
            System.out.println("Error Code:" + oe.getErrorCode());
            System.out.println("Request ID:" + oe.getRequestId());
            System.out.println("Host ID:" + oe.getHostId());
        } catch (ClientException ce) {
            System.out.println("Caught an ClientException, which means the client encountered "
                    + "a serious internal problem while trying to communicate with OSS, "
                    + "such as not being able to access the network.");
            System.out.println("Error Message:" + ce.getMessage());
        } finally {
            if (ossClient != null) {
                ossClient.shutdown();
            }
        }
    }
}             

上传文件流

以下代码用于将文件流上传到目标存储空间examplebucket中exampledir目录下的exampleobject.txt文件。

import com.aliyun.oss.ClientException;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSS;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.*;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSClientBuilder;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSException;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.PutObjectRequest;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.PutObjectResult;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;

public class Demo {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // Endpoint以华东1(杭州)为例,其它Region请按实际情况填写。
        String endpoint = "https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com";
        // 从环境变量中获取访问凭证。运行本代码示例之前,请确保已设置环境变量OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID和OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET。
        EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderFactory.newEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider();
        // 填写Bucket名称,例如examplebucket。
        String bucketName = "examplebucket";
        // 填写Object完整路径,完整路径中不能包含Bucket名称,例如exampledir/exampleobject.txt。
        String objectName = "exampledir/exampleobject.txt";
        // 填写本地文件的完整路径,例如D:\\localpath\\examplefile.txt。
        // 如果未指定本地路径,则默认从示例程序所属项目对应本地路径中上传文件流。
        String filePath= "D:\\localpath\\examplefile.txt";

        // 创建OSSClient实例。
        OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(endpoint, credentialsProvider);

        try {
            InputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(filePath);
            // 创建PutObjectRequest对象。
            PutObjectRequest putObjectRequest = new PutObjectRequest(bucketName, objectName, inputStream);
            // 创建PutObject请求。
            PutObjectResult result = ossClient.putObject(putObjectRequest);
        } catch (OSSException oe) {
            System.out.println("Caught an OSSException, which means your request made it to OSS, "
                    + "but was rejected with an error response for some reason.");
            System.out.println("Error Message:" + oe.getErrorMessage());
            System.out.println("Error Code:" + oe.getErrorCode());
            System.out.println("Request ID:" + oe.getRequestId());
            System.out.println("Host ID:" + oe.getHostId());
        } catch (ClientException ce) {
            System.out.println("Caught an ClientException, which means the client encountered "
                    + "a serious internal problem while trying to communicate with OSS, "
                    + "such as not being able to access the network.");
            System.out.println("Error Message:" + ce.getMessage());
        } finally {
            if (ossClient != null) {
                ossClient.shutdown();
            }
        }
    }
} 

文件上传

使用文件上传,您可以将本地文件上传到OSS文件。

以下代码用于将本地文件examplefile.txt上传到目标存储空间examplebucket中exampledir目录下的exampleobject.txt文件。

import com.aliyun.oss.ClientException;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSS;
import com.aliyun.oss.common.auth.*;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSClientBuilder;
import com.aliyun.oss.OSSException;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.PutObjectRequest;
import com.aliyun.oss.model.PutObjectResult;
import java.io.File;

public class Demo {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // Endpoint以华东1(杭州)为例,其它Region请按实际情况填写。
        String endpoint = "https://oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com";
        // 从环境变量中获取访问凭证。运行本代码示例之前,请确保已设置环境变量OSS_ACCESS_KEY_ID和OSS_ACCESS_KEY_SECRET。
        EnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = CredentialsProviderFactory.newEnvironmentVariableCredentialsProvider();
        // 填写Bucket名称,例如examplebucket。
        String bucketName = "examplebucket";
        // 填写Object完整路径,完整路径中不能包含Bucket名称,例如exampledir/exampleobject.txt。
        String objectName = "exampledir/exampleobject.txt";
        // 填写本地文件的完整路径,例如D:\\localpath\\examplefile.txt。
        // 如果未指定本地路径,则默认从示例程序所属项目对应本地路径中上传文件。
        String filePath= "D:\\localpath\\examplefile.txt";

        // 创建OSSClient实例。
        OSS ossClient = new OSSClientBuilder().build(endpoint, credentialsProvider);

        try {
            // 创建PutObjectRequest对象。
            PutObjectRequest putObjectRequest = new PutObjectRequest(bucketName, objectName, new File(filePath));
            // 如果需要上传时设置存储类型和访问权限,请参考以下示例代码。
            // ObjectMetadata metadata = new ObjectMetadata();
            // metadata.setHeader(OSSHeaders.OSS_STORAGE_CLASS, StorageClass.Standard.toString());
            // metadata.setObjectAcl(CannedAccessControlList.Private);
            // putObjectRequest.setMetadata(metadata);
            
            // 上传文件。
            PutObjectResult result = ossClient.putObject(putObjectRequest);           
        } catch (OSSException oe) {
            System.out.println("Caught an OSSException, which means your request made it to OSS, "
                    + "but was rejected with an error response for some reason.");
            System.out.println("Error Message:" + oe.getErrorMessage());
            System.out.println("Error Code:" + oe.getErrorCode());
            System.out.println("Request ID:" + oe.getRequestId());
            System.out.println("Host ID:" + oe.getHostId());
        } catch (ClientException ce) {
            System.out.println("Caught an ClientException, which means the client encountered "
                    + "a serious internal problem while trying to communicate with OSS, "
                    + "such as not being able to access the network.");
            System.out.println("Error Message:" + ce.getMessage());
        } finally {
            if (ossClient != null) {
                ossClient.shutdown();
            }
        }
    }
}

常见问题

相关文档

  • 关于简单上传的完整示例代码,请参见GitHub示例

  • 关于简单上传的API接口说明,请参见PutObject