Document Center
ApsaraDB for RDS
Release notes
Notices
[Notice] Migration of ApsaraDB for RDS instances
[Notice] Supplementary service agreement for RDS SQL Server 2008 R2
[Notice] The storage engine was switched from TokuDB to InnoDB
[Notice] The feature of restoring individual databases or tables has been released in Singapore since February 19
[Notice] Instance restoration in overwriting mode was disabled on February 25
[Important] RDS network link upgrade
Product Introduction
What is ApsaraDB for RDS?
Principles for selecting instance types
Benefits
Benefits of ApsaraDB for RDS
High performance
High availability and disaster tolerance
High security
Competitive advantages of ApsaraDB for RDS instances over user-created databases
Product editions
Overview of ApsaraDB for RDS editions
Basic Edition
High-availability Edition
Cluster Edition (AlwaysOn Edition)
ApsaraDB for RDS Enterprise Edition
Product specifications
Instance families
Primary instance types
Read-only instance types
Storage types
Features
Q&A
Typical applications
Remote disaster recovery
Diversified data storage
Read/write splitting
Big data analysis
ApsaraDB for RDS usage notes
Purchase Guide
Promotional offers and price adjustments
Pricing, billing items, and billing methods
Specification change fees
Subscription renewal
Impact of expiration and overdue payment
View the spending details of an ApsaraDB for RDS instance
Quick Start
ApsaraDB Dedicated Cluster
AliSQL Kernel
Features of AliSQL
AliSQL Release Notes
X-Engine
X-Engine overview
Convert the storage engine from InnoDB, TokuDB, or MyRocks to X-Engine
Benefits of X-Engine
Statement concurrency control
Statement outline
Recycle bin
Thread Pool
Sequence Engine
Performance Insight
Purge Large File Asynchronously
Returning
Statement Queue
Inventory Hint
Performance Agent
AliSQL best practices
Convert the storage engine of DRDS from InnoDB to X-Engine
DingTalk secures App Store top rank with X-Engine
Storage engine that processes trillions of Taobao orders
Data Protect
RDS MySQL Database
Preface
Limits of ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL
Memory management of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Features of ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL
Quick start
General workflow to use RDS for MySQL
Create an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Configure a whitelist for an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Create databases and accounts for an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Connect to an RDS MySQL instance
What do I do if I cannot connect an ECS instance to an ApsaraDB for RDS instance?
Instance scale-out
Disaster recovery instances
Billing cases for disaster recovery instances
Data Migration
Overview of data migration
Create a PolarDB for MySQL cluster from an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Clone data from RDS MySQL to PolarDB MySQL with one click
Data Migration from a User-created Database to an ApsaraDB RDS MySQL Instance
Migrate data from a user-created MySQL database to an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Migrate data from a user-created Oracle database to an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Migrate data from a user-created MySQL database connected over Express Connect, VPN Gateway, or Smart Access Gateway to an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL database
Migrate data from a user-created MySQL database connected over Express Connect, VPN Gateway, or Smart Access Gateway to an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance across Alibaba Cloud accounts
Migrate data from a user-created Db2 database to an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL database
Migrate data to an RDS MySQL instance by using mysqldump
Migrate data from a third-party cloud database to ApsaraDB for RDS
Migrate a MySQL database from Google Cloud to Alibaba Cloud
Migrate data from an Amazon RDS for MySQL instance to an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Migrate data between ApsaraDB for RDS instances
Migrate data from an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL database to a user-created MySQL database
Data Synchronization
Overview of data synchronization
Synchronize data from MySQL to MySQL
Configure one-way data synchronization between ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instances
Configure two-way data synchronization between ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instances
Synchronize data from a user-created MySQL database connected over Express Connect, VPN Gateway, or Smart Access Gateway to an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Synchronize data between ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instances that belong to different Alibaba Cloud accounts
Synchronize data from an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance to a user-created MySQL database connected over Express Connect, VPN Gateway, or Smart Access Gateway
Synchronize data from a user-created MySQL database hosted on ECS to an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Synchronize data from MySQL to other databases
Synchronize data from an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance to an AnalyticDB for MySQL cluster
Synchronize data from an ApsaraDB RDS MySQL instance to a MaxCompute project
Synchronize data from an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance to an AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL instance
Manage pending events
Instance Lifecycle
Create an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Restart an RDS MySQL instance
Renew
Manually renew an RDS MySQL instance
Automatically renew an RDS MySQL instance
Release an RDS MySQL instance
Manage ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instances that are in the recycle bin
Instance Change
Change specifications
Manually or automatically switch over services between the RDS MySQL master and slave instances
Set the maintenance window of an ApsaraDB RDS MySQL instance
Migrate an ApsaraDB RDS MySQL instance across zones
Changes the data replication mode of an ApsaraDB RDS MySQL system
Switch the billing method from pay-as-you-go to subscription
Switch the billing method from subscription to pay-as-you-go
Change the network type of an ApsaraDB RDS MySQL instance
Switch to a new VPC and VSwitch for an RDS MySQL instance
Version upgrade
Update the kernel version of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance.
Upgrade the database engine version of an RDS MySQL instance
Instance parameters
Reconfigure the parameters of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Use a parameter template to manage parameters
Parameter optimization for MySQL instances
Backup
Back up an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
View the quota of free backup space for an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Download data backup files and binary log files
Back up an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance across regions
Restoration
Overview of data recovery
Restore the data of an RDS MySQL instance
Restore individual databases and tables of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Restore an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance across regions
Use a physical backup file to restore an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance to a user-created MySQL database
Restore data from logical backup files of an ApsaraDB RDS MySQL instance to an on-premises database
Read-only instances
Overview of ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL read-only instances
Create an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL read-only instance
Set a replication delay for an RDS MySQL read-only instance
Database Autonomy Service
DAS overview
Diagnostics
Sessions Management
Autonomy center
Real-time Monitoring
Storage Analysis
Performance insight
Dashboard
Capacity assessment
Slow Query Logs
Deadlock analysis
Full SQL statistics
Report
Monitoring and alerts
View resource and engine monitoring data
Set the monitoring frequency of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Set Alarm Rules
Database connection
Connect to an RDS MySQL instance
Apply for a public endpoint for an RDS MySQL instance
Use DMS to log on to an ApsaraDB for RDS instance
View and modify the internal and public endpoints and ports of an ApsaraDB for RDS instance
Configure a hybrid access solution to smoothly migrate an RDS instance from the classic network to a VPC
Database proxy
Dedicated proxy
Read/write splitting
Connection pool
Transaction splitting
Shared proxy (phased-out)
Enable the read/write splitting function in the shared proxy of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Change the network type of the read/write splitting address for an RDS MySQL instance
Disable read/write splitting for an RDS MySQL instance
Monitor the read/write splitting performance of an RDS MySQL instance
Verify the read/write splitting performance of an RDS MySQL instance
Modify the latency threshold and read weights of ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instances
Rules of weight allocation by the system
Verify the allocated read weights
Verify the effect of read/write splitting
Use SQL Explorer to verify the effect of read/Write splitting
Use internal SQL statements to verify the effect of read/write splitting
FAQ for read/write splitting
Account
Create an account for an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Reset the password of an account for an RDS MySQL instance
Modify the permissions of an account for an RDS instance
Reset the permissions of a premier account
Authorize a service account for an RDS MySQL instance
Delete an account for an RDS MySQL instance
Limit permissions of a specific IP address on a database
Account permissions
System accounts
Authorize accounts to manage tables, views, and fields
Database
Delete a database for an RDS MySQL instance
Create a database for an RDS MySQL instance
Data security
Switch to the enhanced whitelist mode for an RDS MySQL instance
Configure a whitelist for an RDS MySQL instance
Configure SSL encryption for an RDS MySQL instance
Configure TDE for an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Configure disk encryption for an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Data security best practices in financial scenarios
Audit
SQL Explorer
Manage logs
View the event history of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Configure local binary log policies for an RDS MySQL instance
View the slow query logs of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Tag
Create tags
Delete tags
Filter RDS instances by tag
MySQL
Best practices of X-Engine
Import data from Excel to ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL
Configure a cyclic event on an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Select and create an optimal index for faster data access
Appendixes
Commonly used SQL statements for MySQL
Grant backup file download permissions to a RAM user with only read-only permissions
Cached data persistence
Multi-structure data storage
Authorize RDS to access KMS
RDS SQL Server Database
Preface
Limits of ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server
Features of ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server
Quick start
General workflow to use RDS SQL Server
Create an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Configure a whitelist for an RDS SQL Server instance
Creating accounts and databases
Create databases and accounts for an ApsaraDB for RDS instance in SQL Server 2012, 2014, 2016, 2017 or 2019
Create databases and accounts for an ApsaraDB for RDS instance in SQL Server 2008 R2
Create databases and accounts for an ApsaraDB for RDS instance in SQL Server 2017 EE
Connect to an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Read-only instances
Overview of read-only ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instances
Create a read-only ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Functions supported by different versions and editions of SQL Server
Stored procedures
Data migration
Data migration solutions
Migrate data from a user-created database to an RDS SQL Server database
Migrate data from an on-premises database to ApsaraDB RDS SQL Server 2008 R2 using full backup files
Migrate full backup data to ApsaraDB RDS SQL Server 2012, 2016, 2017, or 2019
Migrate incremental backup data to ApsaraDB RDS SQL Server 2012, 2014, 2016, 2017 or 2019
Migrate data from all SQL Server databases in an instance to ApsaraDB RDS SQL Server
Migrate the data of an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server database to an on-premises SQL Server database
Billing
Switch from pay-as-you-go billing to subscription billing
Switch the billing method from subscription to pay-as-you-go
Manually renew an RDS SQL Server instance
Automatically renew an RDS SQL Server instance
Manage pending events
Version upgrade
Upgrade from Basic Edition to High-availability Edition
Upgrade an instance from SQL Server 2012 to SQL Server 2016
Upgrade a local SSD-based instance from SQL Server 2008 R2 to SQL Server 2012 or 2016
Instance
Create an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Restart an RDS SQL Server instance
Set the maintenance window of an RDS SQL Server instance
Migrate an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance across zones in the same region
Manually or automatically switch over services between a primary ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance and its secondary instance
Change the network type of an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Release an RDS SQL Server instance
Change the configuration of an RDS SQL Server instance
DBCC features of ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server
Reconfigure parameters for an RDS for SQL Server instance
Reconfigure parameters in the ApsaraDB for RDS console
Reconfigure parameters by using SQL commands
Instance recycle bin
Database connection
Connect to an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
View the internal and public endpoints and ports of an RDS SQL Server instance
Apply for a public endpoint for an RDS SQL Server instance
Use DMS to log on to an ApsaraDB for RDS instance
Configure a hybrid access solution to smoothly migrate an RDS instance from the classic network to a VPC
Kill connections of ApsaraDB RDS SQL Server
Read/write splitting
Read/write splitting overview
Create a read-only ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Enable the read-only routing endpoint of an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Modify the read weights
Disable cluster management for an RDS SQL Server instance
Rules of weight distribution by the system
Account
Create an account for an RDS SQL Server instancy
Reset the password of an account for an RDS SQL Server instance
Modify the permissions of a standard account for an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Authorize a service account for an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Delete an account for an RDS SQL Server instance
Manage ApsaraDB RDS SQL Server logins
Manage ApsaraDB RDS SQL Server users
Database
Create a database for an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Delete a database for an RDS SQL Server instance
Change the character set collation and the time zone of system databases
Manage databases with SQL statements
Database replication
Copy a database of ApsaraDB RDS SQL Server 2012 or later
Copy a database of ApsaraDB RDS SQL Server 2008 R2
Copy database data between instances
Monitoring and alerts
View resource and engine monitoring data
Set the monitoring frequency
Configure alert rules for an ApsaraDB RDS instance
Data security
Configure a whitelist for an RDS SQL Server instance
Configure SSL encryption for an RDS SQL Server instance
Set TDE for an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Configure disk encryption
Configure distributed transaction whitelists
Audit
Manage logs
Event history
Backup
Back up an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
View the quota of free backup space for an RDS SQL Server instance
Download the data backup files and log backup files of an RDS SQL Server instance
Restoration
Log on to a temporary instance
Restore data of ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instances by using temporary instances
Restore the data of an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Disable the database proxy mode
Tag
Create tags
Delete tags
Filter RDS instances by tag
SQL Server
Create a linked server for SQL Server instances
Connect Kingdee K/3 WISE to ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server
Use SSRS for an ApsaraDB RDS SQL Server instance
Appendix
Database proxy
RDS PostgreSQL Database
Preface
Limits of RDS PostgreSQL
Features of ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL
Release Notes
Quick start
General workflow to use RDS PostgreSQL
Create an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Configure a whitelist for an RDS PostgreSQL instance
Create a database and an account
Connect to an RDS PostgreSQL instance
RDS for PostgreSQL read-only instances
Introduction to RDS PostgreSQL read-only instances
Create an RDS PostgreSQL read-only instance
Data Migration
Migrate data between ApsaraDB for RDS instances
Migrate data from an RDS PostgreSQL database to an on-premises PostgreSQL database
Migrate an on-premises PostgreSQL database to ApsaraDB RDS PostgreSQL by using the psql command tool
Billing
Switch from pay-as-you-go billing to subscription billing
Switch the billing method from subscription to pay-as-you-go
Manually renew an RDS PostgreSQL instance
Automatically renew an RDS PostgreSQL instance
Manage pending events
SQL translation
Instance
Create an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Restart an RDS PostgreSQL instance
Upgrade the kernel version of an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Set the maintenance window of an RDS PostgreSQL instance
Migrate an RDS PostgreSQL instance across zones in the same region
Manually or automatically switch over services between the RDS MySQL master and slave instances
Release an RDS PostgreSQL instance
Change the configuration of an RDS PostgreSQL instance
Reconfigure parameters for an RDS PostgreSQL instance
Set the protection level of an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Manage ApsaraDB RDS PostgreSQL instances that are in the recycle bin
Database connections
Use DMS to log on to an RDS instance
View and change the internal and public endpoints and ports
Apply for or release a public endpoint
Connect to an RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Account
Create an account
Reset the password
Lock and delete an account
Authorize the service account of an RDS PostgreSQL instance
Database
Create a database
Delete a database
Network, VPC, and VSwitch
Configure a hybrid access solution to smoothly migrate the database from the classic network to a VPC
Switch to a new VSwitch for an RDS PostgreSQL instance
Change the network type of an RDS PostgreSQL instance
Monitoring and alerts
View resource monitoring
Set the monitoring frequency of an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Set alert rules
Data security
Configure data encryption for an RDS PostgreSQL instance
Configure a whitelist for an RDS PostgreSQL instance
Create a fully encrypted database on an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Switch from standard IP whitelist to enhanced whitelist
Audit
SQL audit (database engine)
Manage logs
Event history
Backup
Back up an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
View the free quota of the backup space for an RDS PostgreSQL instance
Download data and log backup files
Create a full backup of an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Create a logical backup for an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Restoration
Restore data of an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Restore data from a logical backup file
Tag
Create tags
Delete tags
Filter RDS instances by tag
Plug-ins
Plug-ins supported
Use the PASE plug-in
Use the TimescaleDB plug-in
Use the dblink and postgre_fdw plug-ins for cross-database operations
Use mysql_fdw to read and write data to a MySQL database
Read and write external data files by using the oss_fdw plugin
Use the log_fdw plug-in
Use the oracle_fdw plug-in
Use the wal2json plug-in
Use the pg_cron plug-in
Use the roaringbitmap plug-in
Use the RDKit plug-in
Use the hll plug-in
Use the PL/Proxy plug-in
Use the smlar plug-in
Use the tds_fdw plug-in
Best Practices
CREATE DATABASE usage instructions
Set the localized information and string sorting rules for a database
Functions and usage of PostgreSQL UPSERT
Update, delete, and insert data in batches
Locate the SQL statements with the greatest resource consumption
Failover slot
Use event triggers to implement the DDL recycle bin, firewall, and incremental synchronization features
Logical subscriptions
Application Solutions
Second-level flashback for real-time disaster recovery
Use pgpool for read/write splitting in ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL
Image recognition, face recognition, similarity-based retrieval, and similarity-based audience spotting
Real-time precision marketing (user selection)
Use ShardingSphere to develop ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL
RDS PPAS Database
Preface
Limits of RDS PPAS
Features of ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS
Quick start
General workflow to use RDS PPAS
Create an ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS instance
Configure a whitelist for an RDS PPAS instance
Create databases and accounts for an RDS PPAS instance
Connect to an RDS PPAS instance
Read-only instances
Introduction to PPAS read-only instances
Create an RDS PPAS read-only instance
Data migration
Use DTS to migrate PPAS data
Migrate data between ApsaraDB for RDS instances
Migrate data from an ApsaraDB RDS PPAS instance to an on-premises Oracle database
Migrate data from an ApsaraDB RDS PPAS instance to an on-premises PPAS database
Migrate data from the on-premises databases to the ApsaraDB for RDS instances
Billing
Switch from pay-as-you-go billing to subscription billing
Manually renew an RDS PPAS instance
Switch the billing method from subscription to pay-as-you-go
Automatically renew an RDS PPAS instance
Manage pending events
Instance
Create an ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS instance
Restart an RDS MySQL instance
Set the maintenance window of an ApsaraDB RDS instance
Migrate an RDS PPAS instance across zones in the same region
Switch over services between the RDS PPAS master and slave instances
Change the network type of an RDS PPAS instance
Release an RDS PPAS instance
Change the configuration of an RDS PPAS instance
Reconfigure parameters for an RDS PPAS instance
Instance recycle bin
Database connection
Connect to an RDS for PPAS instance
Configure a hybrid access solution to smoothly migrate an RDS instance from the classic network to a VPC
Use DMS to log on to an ApsaraDB for RDS instance
View the internal and public endpoints and ports of an RDS PPAS instance
Apply for a public endpoint for an RDS PPAS instance
Account
Create an account for an RDS PPAS instance
Reset the password of an account for an RDS PPAS instance
Database
Create a database for an RDS PPAS instance
Delete a database for an RDS PPAS instance
Monitoring and alerts
View resource monitoring data
Set the monitoring frequency
Set Alarm Rules
Data security
Switch to the enhanced whitelist mode for an RDS PPAS instance
Configure a whitelist for an RDS PPAS instance
Audit
SQL audit (database engine)
Event history
Backup
Back up the data of an RDS PPAS instance
View the quota of free backup space for an RDS PPAS instance
Download the backup files of an RDS PPAS instance
Restoration
Restore the data of an RDS for PPAS instance
Manage logs
Tag
Create tags
Filter RDS instances by tag
Delete tags
Plug-ins
Plug-ins supported
Read and write external data files by using the oss_fdw plugin
PPAS development driver
Appendix: PPAS compatibility description
Common management functions
RDS MariaDB TX Database
Preface
Limits of RDS MariaDB
Features of ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB TX
Quick start
General workflow to use RDS MariaDB
Creates an ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB instance
Configure a whitelist for an ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB instance
Create a database and account on an ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB instance
Connect to an RDS for MariaDB instance
Data migration
Migrate data between RDS MariaDB instances
Use mysqldump to migrate data to an RDS MariaDB TX instance
Billing
Change the billing method of an ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB instance from pay-as-you-go to subscription
Manually renew an RDS MariaDB instance
Switch the billing method from subscription to pay-as-you-go
Enable auto renewal for an ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB instance
Manage pending events
Instance
Creates an ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB instance
Restart an RDS MySQL instance
Set the maintenance window of an ApsaraDB RDS instance
Switch over services between the master and slave RDS MariaDB instances
Release an RDS MariaDB instance
Change the configuration of an RDS MariaDB instance
Modify parameters for an RDS for MariaDB instance
Manage ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instances that are in the recycle bin
Database connection
Connect to an RDS for MariaDB instance
View and change internal and public endpoints and ports
Apply for a public endpoint for an RDS MariaDB instance
Account
Create a database account
Reset the password of an account for an RDS MariaDB instance
Modify the permissions of an account for an RDS instance
Delete an account for an RDS MariaDB instance
Database
Create a database
Delete a database for an RDS MariaDB instance
Monitoring and alerts
View resource and engine monitoring data
Set the monitoring frequency
Set Alarm Rules
Data security
Configure a whitelist for an RDS MariaDB instance
Switch to the enhanced whitelist mode for an RDS MariaDB instance
Backup
Automatically back up the data of an RDS MariaDB instance
View the quota of free backup space for an RDS MariaDB instance
Download the log backup files of an RDS MariaDB instance
Restoration
Restore data of an RDS for MariaDB instance
Manage logs
Event history
Tag
Filter RDS instances by tag
Delete tags
Create tags
Spatio-temporal Database
Overview
Models
Geometry model
Raster model
Path model
Point cloud model
Trajectory model
Advanced usage
Enable spatio-temporal parallel query
Enable GPU-accelerated computing
Raster SQL reference
Concepts
Raster creation
ST_CreateRast
Import and export
ST_ImportFrom
ST_ExportTo
Pyramid operations
ST_BuildPyramid
ST_deletePyramid
ST_BestPyramidLevel
Coordinate system conversion
ST_Rast2WorldCoord
ST_World2RastCoord
Pixel value operations
ST_ClipDimension
ST_Clip
ST_ClipToRast
ST_Values
ST_Update
ST_MosaicFrom
ST_MosaicTo
Overview operations
ST_BuildOverview
ST_UpdateOverview
ST_EraseOverview
DEM operations
ST_Slope
ST_Hillshade
ST_Flow_direction
ST_Aspect
ST_Overflow
Attribute query and update
ST_Name
ST_SetName
ST_MetaData
ST_Width
ST_Height
ST_NumBands
ST_Value
ST_RasterID
ST_CellDepth
ST_CellType
ST_InterleavingType
ST_TopPyramidLevel
ST_Extent
ST_Srid
ST_SetSrid
ST_ScaleX
ST_Georeference
ST_IsGeoreferenced
ST_ScaleY
ST_UnGeoreference
ST_SetScale
ST_SkewX
ST_SetGeoreference
ST_SkewY
ST_NoData
ST_SetSkew
ST_SetNoData
ST_UpperLeftX
ST_ColorTable
ST_SetColorTable
ST_UpperLeftY
ST_SetUpperLeft
ST_Statistics
ST_SetStatistics
ST_PixelWidth
ST_SummaryStats
ST_PixelHeight
ST_ColorInterp
ST_SetColorInterp
ST_Histogram
ST_SetHistogram
ST_BuildHistogram
ST_StatsQuantile
ST_Quantile
ST_MD5Sum
ST_SetMD5Sum
Algebra and Analysis Functions
ST_MapAlgebra
ST_Reclassify
Raster Image Processing
ST_Rescale
ST_Resize
ST_SubRaster
ST_Transform
Operators
Less than or equal to operator (<=)
Less than operator (<)
Equal to operator (=)
Greater than or equal to operator (>=)
Greater than operator (>)
Functions for Identifying Spatial Relationships
ST_ContainsProperly
ST_Contains
ST_CoveredBy
ST_Covers
ST_Disjoint
ST_Intersects
ST_overlaps
ST_Touches
ST_Within
Auxiliary functions
ST_AKId
ST_SetAccessKey
ST_SetAKId
ST_SetAKSecret
ST_CheckGPU
Point cloud SQL reference
Constructors
ST_makePatch
ST_makePoint
ST_Patch
Attribute functions
ST_asText
ST_get
ST_numPoints
ST_pcID
ST_summary
Object operations
ST_patchMin
ST_boundingDiagonalGeometry
ST_compress
ST_envelopeGeometry
ST_explode
ST_filterBetween
ST_filterEquals
ST_filterGreaterThan
ST_filterLessThan
ST_isSorted
ST_patchAvg
ST_patchAvg
ST_patchMax
ST_patchMax
ST_patchMin
ST_pointN
ST_range
ST_setPcid
ST_sort
ST_transform
ST_unCompress
ST_union
OGC WKB operations
ST_asBinary
ST_boundingDiagonalAsBinary
ST_envelopeAsBinary
Spatial relationship judgment
ST_intersects
Spatial processing
ST_intersection
Trajectory SQL reference
Concepts
Constructors
Overview
ST_makeTrajectory
ST_append
Edit and process functions
ST_attrDeduplicate
ST_Compress
ST_CompressSED
ST_deviation
ST_sort
Attribute metadata
ST_attrDefinition
ST_attrLength
ST_attrName
ST_attrNullable
ST_attrSize
ST_attrType
Event functions
ST_addEvent
ST_eventTime
ST_eventTimes
ST_eventType
ST_eventTypes
Attribute functions
ST_startTime
ST_endTime
ST_trajectorySpatial
ST_trajectoryTemporal
ST_trajAttrs
ST_attrIntMax
ST_attrIntMin
ST_attrIntAverage
ST_attrFloatMax
ST_attrFloatMin
ST_attrFloatAverage
ST_leafType
ST_leafCount
ST_duration
ST_timeAtPoint
ST_pointAtTime
ST_velocityAtTime
ST_accelerationAtTime
ST_timeToDistance
ST_timeAtDistance
ST_cumulativeDistanceAtTime
ST_timeAtCumulativeDistance
ST_subTrajectory
ST_subTrajectorySpatial
ST_samplingInterval
ST_attrFloatFilter
ST_attrIntFilter
ST_attrNotNullFilter
ST_attrNullFilter
ST_attrTimestampFilter
ST_trajAttrsAsBool
ST_trajAttrsAsDouble
ST_trajAttrsAsInteger
ST_trajAttrsAsText
ST_trajAttrsAsTimestamp
ST_trajAttrsMeanMax
Spatial relationship judgment
ST_equals
ST_intersects
ST_distanceWithin
Spatial processing
ST_intersection
ST_difference
Spatial statistics
ST_nearestApproachPoint
ST_nearestApproachDistance
Spatio-temporal relationship judgment
ST_distanceWithin
ST_durationWithin
ST_equals
ST_intersects
Spatio-temporal processing
ST_intersection
Spatio-temporal statistics
ST_nearestApproachPoint
ST_nearestApproachDistance
Distance measurement
ST_length
ST_euclideanDistance
ST_mdistance
Similarity analysis
ST_lcsDistance
ST_lcsSimilarity
ST_lcsSubDistance
Variables
ganos.trajectory.attr_string_length
Trajectory best practices
Trajectory FAQ
Service publishing
GeoServer
Overview
Publish geometry data
Publish raster data
Desktop applications
Use uDig to access Ganos data
Use QGIS to access Ganos data
Use OpenJump to access Ganos data
Performance White Paper
RDS for MySQL
Performance overview
Test guidelines
Test details
Test environment
Test scenarios
Test tools
Test procedure
Test metrics
Test results of ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL 8.0
Test results of ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL 5.7
Test results of ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL 5.6
RDS for SQL Server
ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server performance overview
Test approach
Test environment
Test tool
Test approach
Test model
Test indicators
Test result
SQL Server 2008 R2 High-Availability Edition
SQL Server 2012 Enterprise edition
RDS for PostgreSQL
ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL performance overview
Test method
Test environment
Test tool
Test metrics
Test procedure
Test result
RDS for PPAS
ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS performance overview
Test method
Test environment
Test tool
Test procedure
Test metrics
Test result
Considerations for performance comparison between a user-created database and an ApsaraDB for RDS instance
Security White Paper
Performance overview
Attack protection
Access control
Network isolation
Data encryption
Backup and restoration
Instance disaster tolerance
Software upgrade
Service Authorization
Best Practices
Overview of best practices
Build a high availability architecture
Use DMS to import a logical backup into an ApsaraDB for RDS instance
API Reference
API overview
Request structure
Signature
Public parameters
RAM authorization
Instance management
CreateDBInstance
DeleteDBInstance
DescribeRenewalPrice
DescribeAvailableZones
RestartDBInstance
TransformDBInstancePayType
RenewInstance
DescribeDBInstanceAttribute
DescribeDBInstances
ModifyDBInstanceSpec
DescribeRegions
MigrateToOtherZone
UpgradeDBInstanceEngineVersion
ModifyDBInstanceDescription
ModifyDBInstanceMaintainTime
UpgradeDBInstanceKernelVersion
ModifyDBInstanceAutoUpgradeMinorVersion
DescribeAvailableResource
Database Connection
AllocateInstancePublicConnection
DescribeDBInstanceNetInfo
ModifyDBInstanceConnectionString
ModifyDBInstanceNetworkExpireTime
SwitchDBInstanceNetType
ReleaseInstancePublicConnection
Primary/Secondary High Availability and Data Replication
ModifyDBInstanceHAConfig
DescribeDBInstanceHAConfig
SwitchDBInstanceHA
ModifyHASwitchConfig
DescribeHASwitchConfig
Event History
DescribeActionEventPolicy
DescribeEvents
ModifyActionEventPolicy
Account management
CreateAccount
DeleteAccount
LockAccount
UnlockAccount
DescribeAccounts
GrantAccountPrivilege
RevokeAccountPrivilege
ModifyAccountDescription
ResetAccountPassword
ResetAccount
Database management
CreateDatabase
DeleteDatabase
DescribeDatabases
ModifyDBDescription
CopyDatabaseBetweenInstances
DescribeCollationTimeZones
Read-Only Instances
CreateReadOnlyDBInstance
DescribeReadDBInstanceDelay
ModifyReadonlyInstanceDelayReplicationTime
Read/Write Splitting
AllocateReadWriteSplittingConnection
ModifyReadWriteSplittingConnection
CalculateDBInstanceWeight
ReleaseReadWriteSplittingConnection
Database proxy
ModifyDBProxyInstance
ModifyDBProxy
DescribeDBProxy
DescribeDBProxyEndpoint
ModifyDBProxyEndpoint
DescribeDBProxyPerformance
DescribeDBInstanceProxyConfiguration
Security management
DescribeDBInstanceIPArrayList
ModifySecurityIps
DescribeDBInstanceIpHostname
DescribeDBInstanceSSL
DescribeDBInstanceTDE
DescribeDTCSecurityIpHostsForSQLServer
DescribeSecurityGroupConfiguration
ModifySecurityGroupConfiguration
MigrateSecurityIPMode
ModifyDBInstanceSSL
ModifyDBInstanceTDE
ModifyDTCSecurityIpHostsForSQLServer
Network management
ModifyDBInstanceNetworkType
Log management
DescribeSlowLogs
DescribeSlowLogRecords
DescribeErrorLogs
DescribeSQLCollectorPolicy
ModifySQLCollectorPolicy
DescribeSQLLogRecords
DescribeSQLLogFiles
PurgeDBInstanceLog
Backup and recovery
DescribeBinlogFiles
CreateBackup
DescribeBackups
DescribeBackupPolicy
ModifyBackupPolicy
DeleteBackup
DescribeBackupTasks
Restoration
RecoveryDBInstance
CloneDBInstance
CreateTempDBInstance
RestoreTable
Cross-region backup and restoration
CheckCreateDdrDBInstance
DescribeCrossRegionBackupDBInstance
DescribeCrossRegionLogBackupFiles
CreateDdrInstance
DescribeCrossRegionBackups
ModifyInstanceCrossBackupPolicy
DescribeInstanceCrossBackupPolicy
DescribeAvailableCrossRegion
DescribeAvailableRecoveryTime
Migrate SQL Server to the cloud
DescribeMigrateTasks
CreateMigrateTask
CreateOnlineDatabaseTask
DescribeOssDownloads
Monitoring management
DescribeResourceUsage
DescribeDBInstancePerformance
DescribeDBInstanceMonitor
ModifyDBInstanceMonitor
Parameter management
ModifyParameter
DescribeParameterTemplates
DescribeModifyParameterLog
DescribeParameters
CloneParameterGroup
DescribeParameterGroups
CreateParameterGroup
DeleteParameterGroup
DescribeParameterGroup
ModifyParameterGroup
Data migration
DescribeFilesForSQLServer
DescribeImportsForSQLServer
ImportDatabaseBetweenInstances
CancelImport
DescibeImportsFromDatabase
Tag management
TagResources
UntagResources
ListTagResources
Appendix
Client error code table
Server error code table
Instance status table
Performance parameter table
Forbidden keywords table
SDK Reference
SDK reference
Install and use RDS SDK for Python
Install and use RDS SDK for Java
FAQs
FAQ & Troubleshooting
Purchases and Payments
Connections and Networks
Migration and Synchronization
Backup and Restoration
Read-only Instances and Read/Write Splitting
Performance
Accounts
Databases
Logs
SQL
Parameters
General Reference
Guidelines for the use of documentation
Alibaba Cloud documentation
Instructions for open source documentation
Open-Source Documentation Code of Conduct
Editing Open-Source Documentation
Alibaba Cloud console
Regions and zones
Service limits
Create an AccessKey
ICP Filing
Glossary
All Products
Search
Document Center
ApsaraDB for RDS
FAQs
Performance
This Product
This Product
All Products
ApsaraDB for RDS
Query Cache
Create and view RDS MySQL stored procedure
Why is the query speed of SQL statement faster on ECS than on RDS
What is the maximum storage space of an apsaradb for RDS instance?
Table space maintenance supported by ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS
How to use and view diagnostic reports for ApsaraDB for RDS
Solution to a full instance storage caused by MySQL binlogs
What occupies the capacity of new RDS for MySQL instances?
What limits does ApsaraDB for MySQL have?
Free Trial
Free Trial