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ApsaraDB for RDS
Promotions and Notifications
Release notes
[Notice] New physical backup file format phased in for some ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instances
[Notice] End of updates and maintenance for the shared proxy service
[Notice] End of software maintenance for ApsaraDB RDS instances that run MySQL 5.5
[Notice] Extension of software maintenance for ApsaraDB RDS instances that run MySQL 5.6
[Notice] End of service for ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS starting from May 1, 2021
[Notice] End of the provision of free snapshot backups to ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instances with standard or enhanced SSDs
[Notice] Migration of ApsaraDB for RDS instances
[Notice] The storage engine was switched from TokuDB to InnoDB
[Notice] End of discounts for dedicated proxies on ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instances
[Important] RDS network link upgrade
Product Introduction
What is ApsaraDB for RDS?
Why choose ApsaraDB for RDS
Customized database engines
Cost effective and easy to use
High performance
High availability and disaster tolerance
High security
Competitive advantages of ApsaraDB RDS instances over self-managed databases
Product editions
Overview of ApsaraDB RDS editions
RDS Basic Edition
High-availability Edition
Cluster Edition
Enterprise Edition
Product specifications
Instance families
Primary instance types
Read-only instance types
Storage types
Features
Q&A
Typical applications
Remote disaster recovery
Diversified data storage
Read/write splitting
Big data analysis
ApsaraDB RDS usage notes
Purchase Guide
Pricing, billable items, and billing methods
Specification change fees
Subscription renewal
Unlock or rebuild an expired or overdue ApsaraDB RDS instance
View the spending details of an ApsaraDB for RDS instance
Price adjustments
Quick Start
Purchase guide
Quick Start
Dedicated cluster
RDS MySQL Database
Overview of ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL
Limits of ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL
Memory management on an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Features of ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL
Proprietary AliSQL
Overview of AliSQL features
Release notes of minor AliSQL versions
X-Engine
X-Engine overview
Usage notes
Convert tables from InnoDB, TokuDB, or MyRocks to X-Engine
Benefits of X-Engine
Feature
Thread Pool
Statement outline
Sequence Engine
Returning
Lizard transaction system
Performance
Fast query cache
Binlog in Redo
Statement Queue
Inventory Hint
Stability
Faster DDL
Statement concurrency control
Performance Agent
Purge Large File Asynchronously
Performance Insight
Security
Data Protect
Recycle Bin
Best practices
Convert the storage engine of DRDS from InnoDB to X-Engine
DingTalk secures App Store top rank with X-Engine
Storage engine that processes trillions of Taobao orders
Use DMS to archive data to X-Engine
Best practices for X-Engine testing
Quick start
General workflow to use RDS for MySQL
Create an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Set the whitelist
Configure an IP address whitelist for an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Configure a security group for an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Errors and FAQ about IP address whitelist settings in ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL
Create accounts and databases for an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Connect to an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
What do I do if I cannot connect an ECS instance to an ApsaraDB for RDS instance?
Data Migration
Overview of data migration solutions
Create a PolarDB for MySQL cluster from an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Create a PolarDB for MySQL cluster by using the Clone from RDS method
Data Migration from a User-created Database to an ApsaraDB RDS MySQL Instance
Migrate data from a user-created MySQL database to an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Migrate data from a user-created Oracle database to an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Migrate data from a user-created MySQL database connected over Express Connect, VPN Gateway, or Smart Access Gateway to an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Migrate data from a user-created MySQL database connected over Express Connect, VPN Gateway, or Smart Access Gateway to an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance across Alibaba Cloud accounts
Migrate data from a user-created Db2 database to an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Use mysqldump to migrate data from a self-managed MySQL instance to an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Migrate data from a third-party cloud database to ApsaraDB for RDS
Migrate a MySQL database from Google Cloud to Alibaba Cloud
Migrate data from an Amazon RDS for MySQL instance to an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Migrate data between ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instances
Migrate data from an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL database to a user-created MySQL database
Data Synchronization
Overview of data synchronization
Synchronize data from MySQL to MySQL
Configure one-way data synchronization between ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instances
Configure two-way data synchronization between ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instances
Synchronize data from a user-created MySQL database connected over Express Connect, VPN Gateway, or Smart Access Gateway to an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Synchronize data between ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instances that belong to different Alibaba Cloud accounts
Synchronize data from an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance to a user-created MySQL database connected over Express Connect, VPN Gateway, or Smart Access Gateway
Synchronize data from a user-created MySQL database hosted on ECS to an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Synchronize data from MySQL to other databases
Synchronize data from an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance to an AnalyticDB for MySQL cluster
Synchronize data from a user-created MySQL database connected over Express Connect, VPN Gateway, or Smart Access Gateway to a user-created Kafka cluster
Synchronize data from an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance to an AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL instance
Synchronize data from an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance to a MaxCompute project
Instance Lifecycle
Create an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Restart an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Renew
Manually renew an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Enable auto-renewal for an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Release or unsubscribe from an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Manage ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instances in the recycle bin
Database connection
Connect to an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Apply for or release a public endpoint for an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Use DMS to log on to an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Use an application to connect to an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
View and change the internal and public endpoints and port numbers of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Change the network type of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Switch an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance to a new VPC and a new vSwitch
Configure the hybrid access solution for an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Instance Change
ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL configuration items
Change the specifications of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Configure automatic storage expansion for an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Perform a manual or automatic switchover of services between a primary ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance and its secondary instance
Reasons for primary/secondary switchovers
Set the maintenance window of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Migrate an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance across zones in the same region
Change the data replication mode of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Switch an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance from pay-as-you-go to subscription
Switch an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance from subscription to pay-as-you-go
Version upgrade
Update the minor engine version of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Upgrade the major engine version of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Upgrade a MySQL 5.7-running ApsaraDB RDS instance from Basic Edition to High-availability Edition
Instance parameters
Reconfigure the parameters of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Use a parameter template to manage parameters
Optimize parameters of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Backup
Overview
Size of backup
Billing
Back up an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Download the data and log backup files of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Back up an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance across regions
Upload the binary log files of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance to an OSS bucket
Query data from the remote backup files of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Create emergency ApsaraDB RDS instances
Restoration
Overview of data recovery
Restore the data of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Restore individual databases and tables of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Restore the data of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance across regions
Restore the data of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance from a physical backup file to a self-managed MySQL database
Restore the data of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance from a logical backup file to a self-managed MySQL instance
Read-only instances
Overview of read-only ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instances
Create a read-only ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Set the data replication latency of a read-only ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Disaster recovery instances
Create a geo-disaster recovery instance
Switch an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance from the disaster recovery role to the primary role
Billing cases for disaster recovery instances
Performance optimization and diagnosis
Troubleshoot slow SQL statements on an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Troubleshoot memory consumption issues on an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Troubleshoot storage issues on an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Troubleshoot high I/O on an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Troubleshoot excessive active threads on an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
DAS overview
Diagnostics
Diagnostics
Sessions Management
Real-time Monitoring
Autonomy center
Capacity assessment
Storage Analysis
Deadlock analysis
Performance insight
Dashboard
Slow Query Logs
Full SQL statistics
Report
Monitoring and alerts
View the resource, engine, and deployment metrics of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Set the monitoring frequency of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Configure an alert rule for an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Database proxy (read/write splitting)
Introduction to dedicated proxy
What are dedicated proxies?
Release notes of dedicated proxy versions
Billing rules for dedicated proxy instances
Usage notes for dedicated proxies
FAQ about dedicated proxies
Enable the dedicated proxy of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Manage the dedicated proxy endpoints of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Read/write splitting
What are proxy terminals
Usage notes for read/write splitting
Enable the read/write splitting feature for an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
FAQ about read/write splitting
Set the connection pool type of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Enable the transaction splitting feature for an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
View the proxy monitoring data of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Configure SSL encryption for a dedicated proxy endpoint on an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Other features
Upgrade an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance from shared proxy to dedicated proxy
Upgrade the dedicated proxy version of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Adjust the number of dedicated proxies on an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Disable the dedicated proxy service for an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Execute hints on an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Account
Create an account on an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Configure custom password policies for an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Reset the password of an account on an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Reset the permissions of the privileged account for an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Authorize the service account of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Delete a standard account from an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Account permission
Modify the permissions of a standard account on an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Account permissions
Limit permissions of a specific IP address on a database
Authorize accounts to manage tables, views, and fields
System accounts
Database
Create a database on an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Delete a database from an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Data security
Switch an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance to the enhanced whitelist mode
Set the whitelist
Configure an IP address whitelist for an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Configure a security group for an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Errors and FAQ about IP address whitelist settings in ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL
Configure SSL encryption on an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Configure TDE for an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Configure disk encryption for an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Best practices for data security
Audit
Use the SQL Explorer feature on an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Manage logs
View the event history of an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
View the slow log details of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Tag
Add tags to ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instances
Remove tags from an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Use tags to filter ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instances
MySQL
Best practices of X-Engine
Import data from Excel to ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL
Configure a cyclic event on an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Select and create an optimal index for faster data access
Manage pending events
Appendixes
Commonly used SQL statements for MySQL
Grant backup file download permissions to a RAM user with only read-only permissions
Cached data persistence
Multi-structure data storage
Authorize an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance to access KMS
RDS SQL Server Database
Overview of ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server
Limits of ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server
Features of ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server
Quick start
General workflow to use RDS SQL Server
Create an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Set a whitelist
Configure an IP address whitelist for an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Errors and FAQ about IP address whitelist settings in ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server
Create databases and accounts
Create accounts and databases for an ApsaraDB RDS instance that runs SQL Server 2012, 2016, 2017 SE, or 2019
Create accounts and databases for an ApsaraDB RDS instance that runs SQL Server 2008 R2
Create accounts and databases for an ApsaraDB RDS instance that runs SQL Server 2017 EE
Connect to an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Read-only instances
Overview of read-only ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instances
Create a read-only ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Features of ApsaraDB RDS instances that run different SQL Server versions and RDS editions
Stored procedures
Data migration
Data migration solutions
Migrate data from a user-created database to an RDS SQL Server database
Restore SQL Server backup data to the cloud
Migrate full backup data to ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server 2008 R2
Migrate the full backup data of a self-managed database to an ApsaraDB RDS instance (SQL Server 2012, 2016, 2017, and 2019)
Migrate the incremental backup data of a self-managed database to an ApsaraDB RDS instance (SQL Server 2012, 2016, 2017, and 2019)
Migrate data from an on-premises SQL Server instance to an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Migrate the data of an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server database to an on-premises SQL Server database
Migrate data between ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instances
Billing
Switch an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance from pay-as-you-go to subscription
Switch an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance from subscription to pay-as-you-go
Manually renew an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Enable auto-renewal for an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Manage pending events
Version upgrade
Upgrade an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance from Basic Edition to High-availability Edition
Upgrade an instance from SQL Server 2012 to SQL Server 2016
Upgrade an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance with local SSDs from SQL Server 2008 R2 to SQL Server 2012 or 2016
Instance
Create an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Change the specifications of an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Restart an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Perform a manual or automatic switchover of services between primary and secondary ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instances
Set the maintenance window of an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Migrate an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance across zones in the same region
Release or unsubscribe from an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
DBCC features of ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server
Reconfigure parameters for an RDS for SQL Server instance
Reconfigure the parameters of an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance by using the ApsaraDB RDS console
Reconfigure the parameters of an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance by using SQL statements
Manage ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instances in the recycle bin
Database connection
Connect to an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Apply for or release a public endpoint on an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
View and change the internal and public endpoints and port numbers of an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Use DMS to log on to an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Configure the hybrid access solution for an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Change the network type of an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Close a connection to an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Read/write splitting
Overview of read/write splitting
Create a read-only ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Enable the read-only routing endpoint of an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Modify the read weight of an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Disable the read-only routing endpoint of an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Default read weights
Account
Create an account for an RDS SQL Server instancy
Reset the password of an account on an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Modify the permissions of a standard account on an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Grant permissions to the service account of an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Delete an account for an RDS SQL Server instance
Manage ApsaraDB RDS SQL Server logins
Manage ApsaraDB RDS SQL Server users
Database
Create a database on an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Delete a database from an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Change the character set collation and time zone of system databases on an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Create and manage databases on an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance by using SQL statements
Database replication
Replicate a database of an ApsaraDB RDS instance that runs SQL Server 2012 or later
Replicate a database of an ApsaraDB RDS instance that runs SQL Server 2008 R2
Replicate databases between ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instances
Monitoring and alerts
View the resource and engine metrics of an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Set the monitoring frequency of an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Configure an alert rule for an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Data security and encryption
Set a whitelist
Configure an IP address whitelist for an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Errors and FAQ about IP address whitelist settings in ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server
Configure SSL encryption on an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Configure TDE for an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Configure a distributed transaction whitelist for an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Configure disk encryption for an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Audit
View the logs of an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
View the event history of an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Backup
Back up an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Back up an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance across regions
View the free quota for backup usage of an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Download data and log backup files from an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Restoration
Restore the data of an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Restore the data of an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance across regions
Restore the data of an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance by using a temporary RDS instance
Log on to a temporary ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Disable the database proxy mode on an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Tag
Create tags
Delete tags
Use tags to filter ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instances
Best practices
Connect an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance to a user-created domain
Connect Kingdee K/3 WISE to ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server
Use SSRS for an ApsaraDB RDS SQL Server instance
RDS PostgreSQL Database
Overview of ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL
Limits of RDS PostgreSQL
Features of ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL
Proprietary AliPG
AliPG benefits
Release notes of minor AliPG versions
Functional modules of AliPG
Plug-ins supported
Query vertical industry-specific data
Use the TimescaleDB plug-in
Use the smlar plug-in
Use the PASE plug-in
Use the roaringbitmap plug-in
Use the varbitx plug-in
Use the RDKit plug-in
Run cross-database queries
Read and write external data files by using oss_fdw
Use mysql_fdw to read and write data to a MySQL database
Use the log_fdw plug-in
Use the tds_fdw plug-in
Use the oracle_fdw plug-in
Use the dblink and postgre_fdw plug-ins for cross-database operations
Use the hll plug-in
Use the pg_cron plug-in to configure scheduled tasks
Use the PL/Proxy plug-in for horizontal sharding
Fuzzy query (PG_ bigm)
Use the wal2json plug-in
Use the ZomboDB plug-in to integrate with Elasticsearch
Use the sql_firewall plug-in
Use the failover slot feature for logical subscriptions
Use the pg_concurrency_control plug-in
Use the RUM plug-in
Use the fuzzystrmatch plug-in to compute similarity between strings
Use the pg_hint_plan plug-in to customize query plans
Quick start
General workflow to use RDS PostgreSQL
Create an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Set the whitelist
Configure an IP address whitelist for an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Configure a security group for an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Errors and FAQ about IP address whitelist settings in ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL
Create a database and an account on an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Connect to an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Data Migration
Overview of data migration
Migrate data between ApsaraDB for RDS instances
Migrate data from an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL database to an on-premises PostgreSQL database
Use triggers and functions to implement incremental DDL migration for PostgreSQL databases
Manually migrate data from a user-created PostgreSQL database to an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL database
Migrate an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance from the ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL console to the ApsaraDB RDS console
Billing
Switch an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance from pay-as-you-go to subscription
Switch an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance from subscription to pay-as-you-go
Manually renew an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Enable auto-renewal for an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Version upgrade
Upgrade an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance from Basic Edition to High-availability Edition
Upgrade the major version of an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Upgrade the kernel version of an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Instance
Create an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Change the specifications of an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Restart an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Manually or automatically switch over services between the RDS PostgreSQL master and slave instances
Set the maintenance window of an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Migrate an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance across zones in the same region
Release or unsubscribe from an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Manage the parameters of an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Set the protection level of an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Manage ApsaraDB RDS PostgreSQL instances that are in the recycle bin
RDS for PostgreSQL read-only instances
Overview of read-only ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instances
Create a read-only ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Database connections
Connect to an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Apply for or release a public endpoint on an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Use DMS to log on to an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
View and change the internal and public endpoints and port numbers of an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Account
Create an account on an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Reset the password of an account on an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Permissions on system tables and views
Lock or delete an account from an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Authorize the service account of an RDS PostgreSQL instance
Database
Create a database on an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Delete a database from an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Change the time zone of an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Network, VPC, and VSwitch
Configure the hybrid access solution for an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Change the network type of an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Switch to a new VSwitch for an RDS PostgreSQL instance
Monitoring and alerts
View the resource and engine metrics of an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Set the monitoring frequency of an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Configure an alert rule on an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Data security
Switch an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance to the enhanced whitelist mode
Configure data encryption for an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Create a fully encrypted database on an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Audit
View logs
View the event history of an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Backup
Back up an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Back up an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance across regions
View the free quota for backup storage of an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Download data and log backup files from an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Create a logical backup for an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Create a full backup of an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Restoration
Restore the data of an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Restore the data of an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance across regions
Restore data from a logical backup file
Tag
Bind tags to ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instances
Unbind tags from an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Use tags to filter ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instances
Best Practices
Migrate data from a user-created PostgreSQL database to an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL database
CREATE DATABASE usage instructions
Configure the collation of a database on an ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL instance
Functions and usage of PostgreSQL UPSERT
Update, delete, and insert data in batches
Locate the SQL statements with the greatest resource consumption
Use event triggers to implement the DDL recycle bin, firewall, and incremental synchronization features
Configure automatic failover and read/write splitting
Logical subscription
Application Solutions
Second-level flashback for real-time disaster recovery
User preference recommendation system
Real-time precision marketing (user selection)
Use pgpool for read/write splitting in ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL
Image recognition, face recognition, similarity-based retrieval, and similarity-based audience spotting
SQL translation
Manage pending events
Use ShardingSphere to develop ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL
RDS PPAS Database
Preface
Limits
Features of ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS
Quick start
General workflow to use RDS PPAS
Create an ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS instance
Configure a whitelist for an ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS instance
Create databases and accounts for an ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS instance
Connect to an ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS instance
Read-only instances
Overview of read-only ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS instances
Create an RDS PPAS read-only instance
Data migration
Use DTS to migrate PPAS data
Migrate data between ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS instances
Migrate data from an ApsaraDB RDS PPAS instance to an on-premises Oracle database
Migrate data from an ApsaraDB RDS PPAS instance to an on-premises PPAS database
Migrate data from the on-premises databases to the ApsaraDB for RDS instances
Billing
Switch an ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS instance from pay-as-you-go to subscription
Manually renew an ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS instance
Switch an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance from subscription to pay-as-you-go
Configure auto-renewal for an ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS instance
Manage pending events
Instance
Create an ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS instance
Restart an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Set the maintenance window of an ApsaraDB RDS instance
Migrate an ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS instance across zones
Switch over services between the RDS PPAS master and slave instances
Release an RDS PPAS instance
Change the configuration of an RDS PPAS instance
Modify the parameters of an ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS instance
Manage ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS instances in the recycle bin
Database connection
Connect to an ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS instance
Apply for or release a public endpoint for an ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS instance
Configure a hybrid access solution to smoothly migrate an RDS instance from the classic network to a VPC
Use DMS to log on to an ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS instance
View and modify the internal and public endpoints and ports of an ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS instance
Change the network type of an ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS instance
Account
Create an account on an ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS instance
Reset the password of an account on an ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS instance
Database
Create a database on an ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS instance
Delete a database from an ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS instance
Monitoring and alerts
View resource monitoring data
Set the monitoring frequency
Configure alert rules for an ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS instance
Data security
Switch an ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS instance to the enhanced whitelist mode
Configure an IP address whitelist on an ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS instance
Audit
Enable and disable SQL Audit (database audit) on an ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS instance
View the event history of an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Backup
Back up an ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS instance
View the free quota for backup storage of an ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS instance
Download the backup files of an RDS PPAS instance
Create a logical backup and restore data from a logical backup
Restoration
Restore the data of an ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS instance
Manage logs
Tag
Bind tags to ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instances
Use tags to filter ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instances
Unbind tags from an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Plug-ins
Plug-ins supported
Read and write external data files by using the oss_fdw plugin
PPAS development driver
Common management functions
Appendix: PPAS compatibility description
RDS MariaDB TX Database
Preface
Limits of RDS MariaDB
Features of ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB TX
Quick start
General workflow to use RDS MariaDB
Creates an ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB instance
Configure a whitelist for an ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB TX instance
Create a database and account on an ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB instance
Connect to an ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB instance
Data migration
Migrate data from an on-premises MariaDB database to an ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB TX instance by using mysqldump
Migrate data between RDS MariaDB instances
Billing
Change the billing method of an ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB instance from pay-as-you-go to subscription
Manually renew an ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB instance
Switch an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance from subscription to pay-as-you-go
Enable auto-renewal for an ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB TX instance
Manage pending events
Instance
Creates an ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB instance
Restart an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Set the maintenance window of an ApsaraDB RDS instance
Switch over services between the master and slave RDS MariaDB instances
Release an RDS MariaDB instance
Change the configuration of an RDS MariaDB instance
Modify parameters for an RDS for MariaDB instance
Manage ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instances that are in the recycle bin
Database connection
Connect to an ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB instance
Apply for or release a public endpoint for an ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB TX instance
View and change internal and public endpoints and ports
Account
Create an account on an ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB instance
Reset the password of an account on an ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB TX instance
Modify the permissions of a standard account on an ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB TX instance
Delete an account for an RDS MariaDB instance
Database
Create a database on an ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB TX instance
Delete a database from an ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB TX instance
Monitoring and alerts
View the resource and engine metrics of an ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB instance
Configure alert rules for an ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB TX instance
Data security
Switch an ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB TX instance to the enhanced whitelist mode
Configure a whitelist for an ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB instance
Backup
Automatically back up the data of an RDS MariaDB instance
View the free quota for backup storage of an ApsaraDB RDS for MariaDB TX instance
Download the log backup files of an RDS MariaDB instance
Restoration
Restore data of an RDS for MariaDB instance
Manage logs
View the event history of an ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server instance
Tag
Use tags to filter ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instances
Unbind tags from an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
Bind tags to ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instances
Spatio-temporal Database
Overview
Release notes of Ganos
Models
Geometry model
Raster model
Path model
Point cloud model
Trajectory model
Grid model
Vector pyramid
Advanced usage
Enable spatio-temporal two-phase query optimization
Enable spatio-temporal parallel query
Enable GPU-accelerated computing
Raster SQL reference
Terms
Parallel operations
Raster creation
ST_CreateRast
Import and export
ST_ImportFrom
S​T_ExportTo
ST_AsImage
ST_AsPNG
ST_AsJPEG
Pyramid operations
ST_BuildPyramid
ST_deletePyramid
ST_BestPyramidLevel
Coordinate system conversion
ST_Rast2WorldCoord
ST_World2RastCoord
Pixel value operations
ST_ClipDimension
ST_Clip
ST_ClipToRast
ST_Values
ST_AddZ
ST_Update
S​T_MosaicFrom
S​T_MosaicTo
Overview operations
ST_BuildOverview
ST_UpdateOverview
S​T_EraseOverview
DEM operations
ST_Slope
ST_Hillshade
ST_Flow_direction
ST_Aspect
ST_Overflow
Attribute query and update
ST_Name
ST_SetName
ST_MetaData
ST_Width
ST_Height
ST_NumBands
ST_Value
ST_RasterID
ST_CellDepth
ST_CellType
ST_InterleavingType
ST_TopPyramidLevel
ST_Extent
ST_ConvexHull
ST_Envelope
ST_Srid
ST_SetSrid
ST_ScaleX
ST_ScaleY
ST_SetScale
ST_SkewX
ST_SkewY
ST_SetSkew
ST_UpperLeftX
ST_UpperLeftY
ST_SetUpperLeft
ST_PixelWidth
ST_PixelHeight
ST_Georeference
ST_IsGeoreferenced
ST_UnGeoreference
ST_SetGeoreference
ST_RPCGeoreference
ST_SetRPCGeoreference
ST_NoData
ST_SetNoData
ST_ColorTable
ST_SetColorTable
ST_Statistics
ST_SetStatistics
ST_SummaryStats
ST_ColorInterp
ST_SetColorInterp
ST_Histogram
ST_SetHistogram
ST_BuildHistogram
ST_StatsQuantile
ST_Quantile
ST_MD5Sum
ST_SetMD5Sum
ST_XMin
ST_YMin
ST_XMax
ST_YMax
ST_ChunkHeight
ST_ChunkWidth
ST_ChunkBands
ST_MetaItems
ST_SetMetaData
ST_BeginDateTime
ST_EndDateTime
ST_SetBeginDateTime
ST_SetEndDateTime
ST_DateTime
ST_SetDateTime
Algebra and Analysis Functions
ST_MapAlgebra
ST_Reclassify
Raster Image Processing
ST_SubRaster
ST_Transform
ST_Rescale
ST_Resize
ST_RPCRectify
Operators
Greater than or equal to operator (>=)
Equal to operator (=)
Greater than operator (>)
Less than or equal to operator (<=)
Less than operator (<)
Functions for Identifying Spatial Relationships
ST_ContainsProperly
ST_Contains
ST_CoveredBy
ST_Covers
ST_Disjoint
ST_Intersects
ST_overlaps
ST_Touches
ST_Within
Auxiliary functions
ST_CheckGPU
ST_AKId
ST_SetAccessKey
ST_SetAKId
ST_SetAKSecret
Variables
ganos.parallel.transaction
ganos.parallel.degree
ganos.raster.calculate_md5
ganos.raster.md5sum_chunk_size
ganos.raster.mosaic_must_same_nodata
SpatialRef SQL reference
ST_SrEqual
ST_SrReg
ST_SrFromEsriWkt
Point cloud SQL reference
Constructors
ST_makePatch
ST_makePoint
ST_Patch
Attribute functions
ST_asText
ST_get
ST_numPoints
ST_pcID
ST_summary
Object operations
ST_patchMin
ST_patchMax
ST_isSorted
ST_sort
ST_boundingDiagonalGeometry
ST_compress
ST_envelopeGeometry
ST_explode
ST_filterBetween
ST_filterEquals
ST_filterGreaterThan
ST_filterLessThan
ST_patchAvg
ST_patchAvg
ST_patchMax
ST_patchMin
ST_pointN
ST_range
ST_setPcid
ST_transform
ST_unCompress
ST_union
OGC WKB operations
ST_asBinary
ST_boundingDiagonalAsBinary
ST_envelopeAsBinary
Spatial relationship judgment
ST_intersects
Spatial processing
ST_intersection
Trajectory SQL reference
Basic concepts
Constructors
Overview
ST_makeTrajectory
ST_append
Edit and process functions
ST_CompressSED
ST_deviation
ST_attrDeduplicate
ST_Compress
ST_sort
Functions to process spatial references
ST_SRID
ST_SetSRID
ST_Transform
Attribute metadata
ST_attrDefinition
ST_attrLength
ST_attrName
ST_attrNullable
ST_attrSize
ST_attrType
Event functions
ST_addEvent
ST_eventTime
ST_eventTimes
ST_eventType
ST_eventTypes
Attribute functions
ST_startTime
ST_endTime
ST_trajectorySpatial
ST_trajectoryTemporal
ST_trajAttrs
ST_attrIntMax
ST_attrIntMin
ST_attrIntAverage
ST_attrFloatMax
ST_attrFloatMin
ST_attrFloatAverage
ST_leafType
ST_leafCount
ST_duration
ST_timeAtPoint
ST_pointAtTime
ST_velocityAtTime
ST_accelerationAtTime
ST_timeToDistance
ST_timeAtDistance
ST_cumulativeDistanceAtTime
ST_timeAtCumulativeDistance
ST_subTrajectory
ST_subTrajectorySpatial
ST_samplingInterval
ST_attrIntFilter
ST_attrTimestampFilter
ST_attrFloatFilter
ST_attrNotNullFilter
ST_attrNullFilter
ST_trajAttrsAsBool
ST_trajAttrsAsDouble
ST_trajAttrsAsInteger
ST_trajAttrsAsText
ST_trajAttrsAsTimestamp
ST_trajAttrsMeanMax
Functions to process bounding boxes
ST_MakeBox
ST_MakeBox{Z|T|2D|2DT|3D|3DT}
ST_BoxndfToGeom
ST_Has{xy|z|t}
ST_{X|Y|Z|T}Min
ST_{X|Y|Z|T}Max
ST_ExpandSpatial
Operators to process bounding boxes
Basic concepts
INTERSECT operators
INCLUDE operators
INCLUDED operators
Spatial relationship judgment
ST_equals
ST_intersects
ST_distanceWithin
Spatial processing
ST_intersection
ST_difference
Spatial statistics
ST_nearestApproachPoint
ST_nearestApproachDistance
Spatio-temporal relationship judgment
ST_intersects
ST_equals
ST_distanceWithin
ST_durationWithin
ST_{Z|T|2D|2DT|3D|3DT}Intersects
ST_{2D|2DT|3D|3DT}Intersects_IndexLeft
ST_{2D|2DT|3D|3DT}DWithin
ST_{2D|2DT|3D|3DT}DWithin_IndexLeft
ST_{T|2D|2DT|3D|3DT}Contains
ST_{T|2D|2DT|3D|3DT}Within
Spatio-temporal processing
ST_intersection
Spatio-temporal statistics
ST_nearestApproachPoint
ST_nearestApproachDistance
Distance measurement
ST_length
ST_euclideanDistance
ST_mdistance
Similarity analysis
ST_lcsSimilarity
ST_lcsDistance
ST_lcsSubDistance
ST_JaccardSimilarity
Indexing
GiST indexing
TrajGiST indexing
Variables
ganos.trajectory.attr_string_length
GeomGrid SQL reference
Usage notes
Functions for output
ST_AsText
ST_AsBinary
ST_AsGeometry
ST_AsBox
Functions for input
ST_GridFromText
ST_GridFromBinary
Functions to query spatial relationships
ST_Intersects
ST_Contains
ST_Within
Operators
@>
<@
Functions to compute grids
ST_AsGrid
Geometry Pyramid SQL reference
Usage notes
Functions to build pyramids
ST_BuildPyramid
Functions to delete pyramids
ST_DeletePyramid
Functions to view pyramids
ST_Tile
ST_AsPng
Map services
Overview
Publish geometry data
Publish raster data
Desktop applications
Use uDig to access Ganos data
Use QGIS to access Ganos data
Use OpenJump to access Ganos data
FAQ
Load raster data
Load vector data
Trajectory FAQ
Best practice
Trajectory best practices
Performance White Paper
RDS for MySQL
ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL performance overview
Test guidelines
Test details
Test environment
Test scenarios
Test tools
Test procedure
Test metrics
Test results of ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL 8.0
Test results of ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL 5.7
Test results of ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL 5.6
Test method and results of hot data updates on a single row
RDS for SQL Server
ApsaraDB RDS for SQL Server performance overview
Test approach
Test environment
Test tool
Test approach
Test model
Test indicators
Test result
SQL Server 2008 R2 High-Availability Edition
SQL Server 2012 Enterprise edition
RDS for PostgreSQL
ApsaraDB RDS for PostgreSQL performance overview
Test method
Test environment
Test tool
Test metrics
Test procedure
Test result
RDS for PPAS
ApsaraDB RDS for PPAS performance overview
Test method
Test environment
Test tool
Test procedure
Test metrics
Test result
Considerations for performance comparison between a user-created database and an ApsaraDB for RDS instance
Security White Paper
Performance overview
Attack protection
Access control
Network isolation
Data encryption
Backup and restoration
Instance disaster tolerance
Software upgrade
Service Authorization
Best Practices
Overview of best practices
Build a high availability architecture
Use DMS to import a logical backup file into an ApsaraDB for RDS instance
Authorize a RAM user to manage ApsaraDB for RDS instances
Use DTS to perform vertical splitting on a database
API Reference
List of operations by function
Request structure
Signature
Public parameters
Use RAM for resource authorization
Billing
Query available resources
Query instance price
Query renewal fee
Change billing method
Manually renew an ApsaraDB for RDS instance
Instance management
Create instance
Release instance
Restart an ApsaraDB for RDS instance
Change instance configuration
Query available zones
Query available specifications
Query instance details
Query instances
Query available regions and zones
Migration zone
Change instance name
Modify the maintenance time
Version upgrade
Upgrade database engine version
Upgrade minor version
Change the method to update the minor version
Database Connection
Apply for public endpoint
Query endpoints
Modify the endpoint and port of an ApsaraDB for RDS instance
Change the expiration time of a classic network endpoint
Switch between internal and public endpoints
Release a public endpoint
Change the network type of an ApsaraDB for RDS instance
Primary/Secondary High Availability and Data Replication
Change the high availability mode and data replication mode
Query high availability mode
Switch services between a primary ApsaraDB for RDS instance and its secondary instance
Enable or disable automatic primary/secondary switchover
Query settings of automatic primary/secondary switchover
Dedicated cluster management
DescribeDedicatedHostGroups
DescribeDedicatedHosts
MigrateDBInstance
StartDBInstance
StopDBInstance
RebuildDBInstance
Event History
Query events of ApsaraDB for RDS instances in a region
Query status of the event history feature
Enable or disable the event history feature
Account management
Create account
Delete database account
Reset account password
Lock account
Unlock account
Query accounts
Modify the description of a database account
Account permission
Grant permissions to account
Revoke database access permissions of an account
Reset permissions of the privileged account
Database management
Create database
Delete database
Modify the database description
Copy database
Query databases
Query database name availability
Query character set collations and time zones
Read-Only Instances
Create read-only instance
Query data replication latency
Modify replication latency of read-only RDS instance
Shared proxy (phased-out)
Apply for read-only routing endpoint
Release read/write splitting endpoint
Query read weights
Modify read weights and latency threshold
Query shared proxy settings
Dedicated proxy (read/write splitting)
Enable or disable the Dedicated Proxy feature
Modify settings of a dedicated proxy
Modify proxy terminal settings
Query dedicated proxy details
Query proxy endpoint
Query performance metrics of a dedicated proxy
Create proxy endpoint
Modify proxy endpoint
Delete proxy endpoint
Configure SSL encryption for dedicated proxy endpoint
Query SSL encryption settings of dedicated proxy endpoint
Security management
Query ECS security groups to which an ApsaraDB for RDS instance is added
Change the ECS security group for an ApsaraDB for RDS instance
Query IP address whitelists
Modify IP address whitelist
Query SSL settings
Modify settings of SSL encryption
Query settings of TDE
Enable the TDE function
Switch the network isolation mode from standard whitelist to enhanced whitelist
Query the hostname of an ApsaraDB for RDS instance
Query distributed transaction whitelists
Configure a distributed transaction whitelist
Log management
Query SQL Explorer (SQL Audit) status
Enable or disable SQL Explorer (SQL audit)
Query SQL Explorer (SQL audit) logs
Query SQL Explorer (SQL audit) files
Modify retention period of SQL Explorer logs
Query the log retention period allowed for the SQL explorer feature
Query error logs
Query slow query logs
Query summary of slow query logs
Delete local log backup files
Backup and recovery
Create data backup
Query backup sets
Query backup settings
Modify backup settings
Delete backup sets
Query backup tasks
Query log backup files
Restoration
Clone instance
Create a temporary instance
Query the time range for restoration
Restore databases
Restore individual databases or tables
Cross-region backup and restoration
Check whether an ApsaraDB for RDS instance can be restored across regions
Restore data to a new instance across regions
Restore data to an existing instance across regions
Modify cross-region backup settings
Query cross-region backup settings
Query databases and tables included in a cross-region backup set
Query cross-region data backup files
Query cross-region log backup files
Query regions that support cross-region backup
Query the time range to which you can restore data by using a cross-region backup set
Query ApsaraDB for RDS instances on which cross-region backup is enabled
Migrate SQL Server to the cloud
Create a migration task
Query backup data files of migration task
Open the database to which backup data is migrated
Query migration tasks
Monitoring management
Query storage usage
Query performance metrics
Query the monitoring frequency of an ApsaraDB for RDS instance
Change the monitoring frequency
Parameter management
Query parameter configurations
Modify parameters of an ApsaraDB for RDS instance
Query parameter configuration logs
Query the parameter template of an ApsaraDB for RDS instance
Create a parameter template
Modify a parameter template
Copy a parameter template
Query parameter templates
Query information of a parameter template
Delete a parameter template
Data migration
Migrate data across instances
Cancel migration task
Tag management
Create and bind tags
Unbind tags
Query tags
Appendix
Client error codes
Server error code table
Instance state table
Performance parameter table
Forbidden keywords table
SDK Reference
SDK reference
Install and use ApsaraDB RDS SDK for Python
Install and use RDS SDK for Java
FAQs
FAQ overview
Purchases and Payments
Connections and Networks
Migration and Synchronization
Backup and Restoration
Read-only Instances and Read/Write Splitting
Performance
Accounts
Databases
Logs
SQL
Parameters
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ApsaraDB for RDS
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Why does RDS MySQL not support the MyISAM engine?
The MyISAM engine is disabled for ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instances by default
How do I migrate an ApsaraDB RDS instance from standard or enhanced SSDs to local SSDs?
FAQ about regions and zones
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