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Virtual Private Cloud:Beginner guide

Last Updated:Nov 11, 2024

Creating a virtual private cloud (VPC) is the first step in cloud adoption. Planning your VPC with business scale and potential expansion in mind is crucial. You can tailor your network design to your specific business needs and select appropriate connectivity solutions for fast VPC deployment. This document provides a brief overview of what a VPC is and its features, guiding you through network planning and network connectivity. It aims to equip you with a thorough understanding before VPC deployment.

Overview

A VPC is your private cloud network that gives you full control over configurations such as IP address ranges, routes, and gateways. You can create resources in the VPC, such as Elastic Compute Service (ECS), Server Load Balancer (SLB), and ApsaraDB RDS. For more information about VPCs and their benefits, see VPC overview and Benefits.

The following diagram illustrates the basic topology of a VPC, which includes three essential components: a private CIDR block, a vSwitch, and a route table. For more information, see Service architecture.

image
  • Private CIDR block: When creating a VPC and vSwitches, specify a private CIDR block for the VPC.

  • System route table: After creating a VPC, the system automatically creates a system route table and adds routes to manage traffic.

  • vSwitch: vSwitches connect cloud resources in a VPC. You can deploy applications in vSwitches of different zones to improve availability.

Billing

While VPCs are free of charge, you are billed for features such as VPC peering connections, traffic mirroring, and flow logs. For more information, see VPC peering connection, Traffic mirroring billing, and Flow log billing.

Any other resources you deploy in the VPC will incur additional fees. For more information, see ECS billing, EIP billing, NAT gateway billing, and SLB billing.

Features

VPCs have a wide variety of features available to meet your needs, whether you are building a complex network architecture or implementing fine-grained security policies.

Scenario

Feature

Description

Address planning and management

IP Address Manager (IPAM)

Automates the allocation and tracking of IP addresses and detects address conflicts when you enable this feature, thereby reducing the workload of administrators.

VPC connection

VPC peering connection

Enables network communication between two VPCs, whether they belong to the same account or different accounts, and whether they are in the same or different regions.

Multi-account management

VPC sharing

Allows you to share cloud resources across accounts without creating and maintaining a VPC for each account. This simplifies network configuration and management.

Internet access control

IPv4 gateway/IPv6 gateway

Centralizes the management of instance access to the Internet in a VPC. This enhances security protection by controlling Internet access.

Traffic control

Custom route table

You can create custom route tables and add route entries for flexible network management.

Prefix list

Simplifies the configuration and management of route tables and security groups.

Access control

Network ACL

You can customize network access control list (ACLs) rules and bind them to vSwitches to manage the traffic access for ECS instances in the vSwitches.

OM and monitoring

Flow logs

Record the traffic information of an elastic network interface (ENI) in the VPC, facilitating the access control review, network traffic monitoring, and troubleshooting.

Traffic mirroring

Mirrors packets that pass through ENIs based on specified filters. This is useful for content inspection, threat monitoring, and troubleshooting.

High availability architecture

HAVIP

With the high-availability virtual IP address (HAVIP) feature, you can build a high-availability architecture on the cloud based on the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) using Keepalived or Heartbeat software. This ensures that the service IP remains unchanged during the master-replica switchover.

Network planning

When deploying your cloud network using VPCs, you need to consider factors such as isolation, high availability, disaster recovery, and cost efficiency. By planning your network architecture, you can align it with both your current scale and expansion needs. For more information, see Plan networks.

Item

Suggestion

Region and zone

Select the appropriate region and zone based on your requirements on latency and high availability, the types and quantities of cloud resources to be deployed, and your budget.

Account

As your business grows, it is vital to create an account architecture for user permission allocation and secure environment isolation. This design should consider factors such as effective isolation, security compliance, log management, operation and maintenance, and cost efficiency.

Number of VPCs

Decide how many VPCs are needed based on your business scale and the need for strong security isolation or disaster recovery.

Number of vSwitches

To enhance security, we recommend that you create vSwitches that correspond to business modules, dividing the network into multiple subnets. For example, creating separate vSwitches for the web layer, logic layer, and data layer will help achieve hosting of standard web application architecture.

We also recommend that you deploy cloud services to different vSwitches based on whether they need direct access to the Internet. This separates public and private networks and ensures secure access of cloud services.

CIDR block

Avoid network conflicts and ensure network scalability when configuring CIDR block, as improper planning results in high reconstruction costs.

You can use IPAM to enhance planning efficiency.

Network connectivity

Depending on the context, you can strategically combine your VPC with cloud resources to enable network connections for features such as Internet access, VPC connections, and hybrid cloud deployment. For more information, see Network connectivity.

Scenario

Description

Solution

Internet access

The Internet accesses applications deployed on the cloud, or the other way round.

VPC connection

Establish secure, efficient private network communication between resources in different VPCs.

  • Connect two VPCs:

    • VPC peering connection is a budget-friendly, low-latency solution. It is free of charge if the VPCs are in the same region. However, it does not support route propagation and configuration can be complex.

    • VPN Gateway provides a secure connection through an encrypted tunnel, but it usually comes with higher latency.

  • Connect and manage multiple VPCs: Use Cloud Enterprise Network (CEN) to connect network instances through a transit router, which forwards traffic between instances in the same region or across regions. It supports route propagation with reduced configuration complexity.

  • Secure private network access in the same region: Use PrivateLink to create connections between VPCs in which endpoints are deployed. Connections across regions are not supported.

Hybrid cloud

Connect on-premises data centers to VPCs to build a hybrid cloud.

  • Fast, stable, and highly available hybrid cloud: Utilize Express Connect to establish a reliable, secure, and fast connection between the on-premises data centers and VPCs.

  • Simple and fast hybrid cloud: Leverage VPN gateway to deploy hybrid cloud through an encrypted tunnel.

  • Enterprise-level hybrid cloud: Use CEN to connect multiple network instances such as VPC, virtual border routers (VBR), and IPsec-VPN connection to build an enterprise-level network.

Quick start

You can choose quick deployment or use the console to create VPCs with IPv4 and IPv6 CIDR blocks.

Developer tools

If you have knowledge of network service protocols and programming languages, you can call APIs to manage your cloud resources and develop your applications. For more information, see API Overview.

OpenAPI can dynamically generate SDK codes as needed, making it easy to use the SDK.

Feedback

To enhance your experience, please share your feedback or seek technical support in one of the following ways if you have any questions while using VPCs:

  • Pre-sales support: Learn about products or get a consultation by using Alibaba Cloud pre-sales service or contacting your account manager. For more information, see Pre-sales Consultation.

  • After-sales support: If you have problems while using products or services, you can call the Alibaba Cloud after-sales service or submit a ticket. For more information, see After-sales Support.

  • Documentation feedback: If you find documentation issues such as links, information, and API errors, you can click Feedback in the floating menu on the right side of the documentation page to provide feedback.