In this example, Jedis 4.3.0 is used. For more information, visit GitHub.

• Custom connection pool (recommended)

  import redis.clients.jedis.*;
  import java.util.HashSet;
  import java.util.Set;
  
  public class DirectTest {
      private static final int DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 2000;
      private static final int DEFAULT_REDIRECTIONS = 5;
      private static final ConnectionPoolConfig config = new ConnectionPoolConfig();
  
      public static void main(String args[]) {
          // Specify the maximum number of idle connections. In direct connection mode, the client directly connects to a shard of a cluster instance. Therefore, the following requirement must be met: Number of clients × Value of MaxTotal < Maximum number of connections to a single shard. 
          // Set the maximum number of connections to a shard of an ApsaraDB for Redis Community Edition instance to 10,000 and set the maximum number of connections to a shard of a Tair instance to 30,000. 
          config.setMaxTotal(30);
          // Specify the maximum number of idle connections based on your business needs. 
          config.setMaxIdle(20);
          config.setMinIdle(15);
  
          // Specify the private endpoint that is allocated to the cluster instance. 
          String host = "r-bp1xxxxxxxxxxxx.redis.rds.aliyuncs.com";
          int port = 6379;
          // Specify the password that is used to connect to the cluster instance. 
          String password = "xxxxx";
  
          Set<HostAndPort> jedisClusterNode = new HashSet<HostAndPort>();
          jedisClusterNode.add(new HostAndPort(host, port));
          JedisCluster jc = new JedisCluster(jedisClusterNode, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, DEFAULT_REDIRECTIONS,
              password, "clientName", config);
  
          jc.set("key", "value");
          jc.get("key");
  
          jc.close();     // If the application exits and you want to destroy the resources, call this method. Then, the connection is closed, and the resources are released. 
      }
  }

• Default connection pool

  import redis.clients.jedis.ConnectionPoolConfig;
  import redis.clients.jedis.HostAndPort;
  import redis.clients.jedis.JedisCluster;
  import java.util.HashSet;
  import java.util.Set;
  
  public class DirectTest{
      private static final int DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 2000;
      private static final int DEFAULT_REDIRECTIONS = 5;
      private static final ConnectionPoolConfig DEFAULT_CONFIG = new ConnectionPoolConfig();
  
      public static void main(String args[]){
  
          // Specify the private endpoint that is allocated to the cluster instance. 
          String host = "r-bp1xxxxxxxxxxxx.redis.rds.aliyuncs.com";
          int port = 6379;
          String password = "xxxx";
  
          Set<HostAndPort>  jedisClusterNode = new HashSet<HostAndPort>();
          jedisClusterNode.add(new HostAndPort(host, port));
  
          JedisCluster jc = new JedisCluster(jedisClusterNode, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
              DEFAULT_REDIRECTIONS,password, "clientName", DEFAULT_CONFIG);
  
          jc.set("key","value");
          jc.get("key");
  
          jc.close();     // If the application exits and you want to destroy the resources, call this method. Then, the connection is closed, and the resources are released. 
      }
  }

In this example, PhpRedis 5.3.7 is used. For more information, visit GitHub.

<?php
 // Specify the private endpoint and the port number that are used to connect to the cluster instance. 
 $array = ['r-bp1xxxxxxxxxxxx.redis.rds.aliyuncs.com:6379'];
 // Specify the password that is used to connect to the cluster instance. 
 $pwd = "xxxx";
 
 // Use the password to connect to the cluster instance. 
 $obj_cluster = new RedisCluster(NULL, $array, 1.5, 1.5, true, $pwd);
 
 // Display the result of the connection. 
 var_dump($obj_cluster);
 
 if ($obj_cluster->set("foo", "bar") == false) {
     die($obj_cluster->getLastError());
 }
 $value = $obj_cluster->get("foo");
 echo $value;
 ?>

In this example, Python 3.9 and redis-py 4.4.1 are used. For more information, visit GitHub.

# !/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from redis.cluster import RedisCluster
# Replace the values of the host and port parameters with the endpoint and port number that are used to connect to the Tair instance. 
host = 'r-bp10noxlhcoim2****.redis.rds.aliyuncs.com'
port = 6379
# Replace the values of the user and pwd parameters with the username and password that are used to connect to the Tair instance. 
user = 'testaccount'
pwd = 'Rp829dlwa'
rc = RedisCluster(host=host, port=port, username=user, password=pwd)
# You can perform operations on the instance after the connection is established. For example, you can run the following code to call the SET and GET methods. 
rc.set('foo', 'bar')
print(rc.get('foo'))

The following sample project is created by using Maven. You can also manually download the Lettuce or Jedis client.

1. Add the following Maven dependencies:

   <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
   <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
            xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
       <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
       <parent>
           <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
           <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
           <version>2.4.2</version>
           <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
       </parent>
       <groupId>com.aliyun.tair</groupId>
       <artifactId>spring-boot-example</artifactId>
       <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
       <name>spring-boot-example</name>
       <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
       <properties>
           <java.version>1.8</java.version>
       </properties>
       <dependencies>
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
           </dependency>
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
               <scope>test</scope>
           </dependency>
           <dependency>
               <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
               <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
           </dependency>
           <dependency>
               <groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
               <artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
           </dependency>
           <dependency>
               <groupId>io.lettuce</groupId>
               <artifactId>lettuce-core</artifactId>
               <version>6.3.0.RELEASE</version>
           </dependency>
           <dependency>
               <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
               <artifactId>netty-transport-native-epoll</artifactId>
               <version>4.1.100.Final</version>
               <classifier>linux-x86_64</classifier>
           </dependency>
       </dependencies>
       <build>
           <plugins>
               <plugin>
                   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                   <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
               </plugin>
           </plugins>
       </build>
   </project>

2. Enter the following code in the Spring Data Redis editor and modify the code based on the comments.

   In this example, Spring Data Redis 2.4.2 is used.

   • Spring Data Redis With Jedis

     @Bean
          JedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory() {
              List<String> clusterNodes = Arrays.asList("host1:port1", "host2:port2", "host3:port3");
              RedisClusterConfiguration redisClusterConfiguration = new RedisClusterConfiguration(clusterNodes);
              redisClusterConfiguration.setPassword("xxx");
      
              JedisPoolConfig jedisPoolConfig = new JedisPoolConfig();
              // Specify the maximum number of idle connections. In direct connection mode, the client directly connects to a shard of a cluster instance. Therefore, the following requirement must be met: Number of clients × Value of MaxTotal < Maximum number of connections to a single shard. 
              // Set the maximum number of connections to a shard of an ApsaraDB for Redis Community Edition instance to 10,000 and set the maximum number of connections to a shard of a Tair instance to 30,000. 
              jedisPoolConfig.setMaxTotal(30);
              // Specify the maximum number of idle connections based on your business needs. 
              jedisPoolConfig.setMaxIdle(20);
              // Disable testOn[Borrow|Return] to prevent generating additional ping commands.
              jedisPoolConfig.setTestOnBorrow(false);
              jedisPoolConfig.setTestOnReturn(false);
      
              return new JedisConnectionFactory(redisClusterConfiguration, jedisPoolConfig);
          }

   • Spring Data Redis With Lettuce

     /**
          * Enable TCP keepalive and configure the following three parameters:
          *  TCP_KEEPIDLE = 30
          *  TCP_KEEPINTVL = 10
          *  TCP_KEEPCNT = 3
          */
         private static final int TCP_KEEPALIVE_IDLE = 30;
     
         /**
          * The TCP_USER_TIMEOUT parameter can avoid situations where Lettuce remains stuck in a continuous timeout loop during a failure or crash event. 
          * refer: https://github.com/lettuce-io/lettuce-core/issues/2082
          */
         private static final int TCP_USER_TIMEOUT = 30;
     
         @Bean
         public LettuceConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory() {
             List<String> clusterNodes = Arrays.asList("host1:port1", "host2:port2", "host3:port3");
             RedisClusterConfiguration redisClusterConfiguration = new RedisClusterConfiguration(clusterNodes);
             redisClusterConfiguration.setPassword("xxx");
     
             // Config TCP KeepAlive
             SocketOptions socketOptions = SocketOptions.builder()
                 .keepAlive(KeepAliveOptions.builder()
                     .enable()
                     .idle(Duration.ofSeconds(TCP_KEEPALIVE_IDLE))
                     .interval(Duration.ofSeconds(TCP_KEEPALIVE_IDLE / 3))
                     .count(3)
                     .build())
                 .tcpUserTimeout(TcpUserTimeoutOptions.builder()
                     .enable()
                     .tcpUserTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(TCP_USER_TIMEOUT))
                     .build())
                 .build();
     
             ClusterTopologyRefreshOptions topologyRefreshOptions = ClusterTopologyRefreshOptions.builder()
                 .enablePeriodicRefresh(Duration.ofSeconds(15))
                 .dynamicRefreshSources(false)
                 .enableAllAdaptiveRefreshTriggers()
                 .adaptiveRefreshTriggersTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(15)).build();
     
             LettuceClientConfiguration lettuceClientConfiguration = LettuceClientConfiguration.builder().
                 clientOptions(ClusterClientOptions.builder()
                     .socketOptions(socketOptions)
                     .validateClusterNodeMembership(false)
                     .topologyRefreshOptions(topologyRefreshOptions).build()).build();
     
             return new LettuceConnectionFactory(redisClusterConfiguration, lettuceClientConfiguration);
         }

     The following table describes the parameters of ClusterTopologyRefreshOptions.builder.

     Parameter	Description	Example (recommended value)
     enablePeriodicRefresh(Duration refreshPeriod)	The interval at which the topology of the cluster instance is refreshed. We recommend that you set the interval to 15 seconds. If you set the interval to a smaller value, a large number of calls are made to the nodes of the cluster instance. This compromises the performance of the cluster instance.	15s
     dynamicRefreshSources()	Specifies whether to use the nodes whose IP addresses are obtained from the topology as nodes to be called to refresh the topology of the cluster instance. To connect to Tair instances, you must set the parameter to false. Typically, Tair instances use VIPs. If you migrate an instance across zones, the VIPs of the instance are all changed. In this case, the route cannot be refreshed. If you set the parameter to false, the system uses a domain name that Alibaba Cloud provides to query the nodes of the cluster instance. The domain name service automatically performs load balancing and sends your request to the nodes of the Tair instance.	false
     enableAllAdaptiveRefreshTriggers()	Specifies whether to enable all triggers to adaptively refresh the topology. After adaptive refresh is enabled, the topology of the cluster instance is automatically refreshed each time a runtime event such as a MOVED redirection occurs on the cluster instance.	No configuration is required.
     adaptiveRefreshTriggersTimeout(Duration timeout)	The time period during which the topology of the cluster instance can be refreshed only once. This prevents the topology from being frequently refreshed.	15s
     validateClusterNodeMembership()	Specifies whether to validate the membership of cluster nodes. The validation is not required for Alibaba Cloud Tair instances.	false

In this example, .NET 6.0 and StackExchange.Redis 2.6.90 are used.

using StackExchange.Redis;

class RedisConnSingleton {
    // Specify the endpoint, port number, username, and password that are used to connect to the cluster instance. 
    //private static ConfigurationOptions configurationOptions = ConfigurationOptions.Parse("r-bp10noxlhcoim2****.redis.rds.aliyuncs.com:6379,user=testaccount,password=Rp829dlwa,connectTimeout=2000");
    //the lock for singleton
    private static readonly object Locker = new object();
    //singleton
    private static ConnectionMultiplexer redisConn;
    //singleton
    public static ConnectionMultiplexer getRedisConn()
    {
        if (redisConn == null)
        {
            lock (Locker)
            {
                if (redisConn == null || !redisConn.IsConnected)
                {
                    redisConn = ConnectionMultiplexer.Connect(configurationOptions);
                }
            }
        }
        return redisConn;
    }
}

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        ConnectionMultiplexer cm = RedisConnSingleton.getRedisConn();
        var db = cm.GetDatabase();
        db.StringSet("key", "value");
        String ret = db.StringGet("key");
        Console.WriteLine("get key: " + ret);
    }
}

In this example, Node.js 19.4.0 and node-redis 4.5.1 are used.

import { createCluster } from 'redis';

// Specify the endpoint, port number, username, and password that are used to connect to the cluster instance. 
// After you supply the username and password for the url parameter, you must also supply the global username and password for the defaults parameter. 
// The global username and password are used to authenticate the remaining nodes. Otherwise, the NOAUTH error occurs. 

const cluster = createCluster({
    rootNodes: [{
        url: 'redis://testaccount:Rp829dlwa@r-bp10noxlhcoim2****.redis.rds.aliyuncs.com:6379'
    }],
    defaults: {
        username: 'testaccount',
        password: 'Rp829dlwa'
    }
});

cluster.on('error', (err) => console.log('Redis Cluster Error', err));

await cluster.connect();

await cluster.set('key', 'value');
const value = await cluster.get('key');
console.log('get key: %s', value);

await cluster.disconnect();

In this example, Go 1.18.5 and go-redis 8.11.5 are used.

1. Add the following Maven dependencies:

           <dependency>
               <groupId>io.lettuce</groupId>
               <artifactId>lettuce-core</artifactId>
               <version>6.3.0.RELEASE</version>
           </dependency>
           <dependency>
               <groupId>io.netty</groupId>
               <artifactId>netty-transport-native-epoll</artifactId>
               <version>4.1.65.Final</version>
               <classifier>linux-x86_64</classifier>
           </dependency>

2. Add the following code and modify the code based on the comments:

   import io.lettuce.core.RedisURI;
   import io.lettuce.core.SocketOptions;
   import io.lettuce.core.cluster.ClusterClientOptions;
   import io.lettuce.core.cluster.ClusterTopologyRefreshOptions;
   import io.lettuce.core.cluster.RedisClusterClient;
   import io.lettuce.core.cluster.api.StatefulRedisClusterConnection;
   
   import java.time.Duration;
   
   public class ClusterDemo {
       /**
        * Enable TCP keepalive and configure the following three parameters:
        *  TCP_KEEPIDLE = 30
        *  TCP_KEEPINTVL = 10
        *  TCP_KEEPCNT = 3
        */
       private static final int TCP_KEEPALIVE_IDLE = 30;
   
       /**
        * The TCP_USER_TIMEOUT parameter can avoid situations where Lettuce remains stuck in a continuous timeout loop during a failure or crash event. 
        * refer: https://github.com/lettuce-io/lettuce-core/issues/2082
        */
       private static final int TCP_USER_TIMEOUT = 30;
   
       public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
           // Replace the values of host, port, and password with the actual instance information. 
           String host = "r-bp1ln3c4kopj3l****.redis.rds.aliyuncs.com";
           int port = 6379;
           String password = "Da****3";
   
           RedisURI redisURI = RedisURI.Builder.redis(host)
                   .withPort(port)
                   .withPassword(password)
                   .build();
   
           ClusterTopologyRefreshOptions refreshOptions = ClusterTopologyRefreshOptions.builder()
                   .enablePeriodicRefresh(Duration.ofSeconds(15))
                   .dynamicRefreshSources(false)
                   .enableAllAdaptiveRefreshTriggers()
                   .adaptiveRefreshTriggersTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(15)).build();
   
           // Config TCP KeepAlive
           SocketOptions socketOptions = SocketOptions.builder()
                   .keepAlive(SocketOptions.KeepAliveOptions.builder()
                           .enable()
                           .idle(Duration.ofSeconds(TCP_KEEPALIVE_IDLE))
                           .interval(Duration.ofSeconds(TCP_KEEPALIVE_IDLE/3))
                           .count(3)
                           .build())
                   .tcpUserTimeout(SocketOptions.TcpUserTimeoutOptions.builder()
                           .enable()
                           .tcpUserTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(TCP_USER_TIMEOUT))
                           .build())
                   .build();
   
           RedisClusterClient redisClient = RedisClusterClient.create(redisURI);
           redisClient.setOptions(ClusterClientOptions.builder()
                   .socketOptions(socketOptions)
                   .validateClusterNodeMembership(false)
                   .topologyRefreshOptions(refreshOptions).build());
   
           StatefulRedisClusterConnection<String, String> connection = redisClient.connect();
           connection.sync().set("key", "value");
           System.out.println(connection.sync().get("key"));
       }
   }

3. Run the preceding code. The following output is expected on successful completion:

   value

   For information about the parameters of ClusterTopologyRefreshOptions.builder, see the description in the preceding "Spring Data Redis" section.