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Simple Log Service:Parse logs in a CSV-format log file

Last Updated:Sep 03, 2024

This topic describes how to parse log entries in a CSV-format log file, for example, a syslog file.

Parse a standard log entry in a CSV-format log file

  • Raw log entry

    _program_:error
    _severity_:6
    _priority_:14
    _facility_:1
    topic:syslog-forwarder
    content:198.51.100.1|10/Jun/2019:11:32:16 +0800|aliyundoc.com|GET /zf/11874.html HTTP/1.1|200|0.077|6404|198.51.100.10:8001|200|0.060|https://example.com/s?q=%25%24%23%40%21&from=wy878378&uc_param_str=dnntnwvepffrgibijbprsvdsei|-|Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 9; HWI-AL00 Build/HUAWEIHWI-A00) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/537.36|-|-
  • Transformation requirements

    1. When the _program_ field is set to access, a pipe-separated value (PSV) parsing is conducted to the content field. Then, the content field is dropped.

    2. The request: GET /css/mip-base.css HTTP/1.1 field is split into the request_method, http_version, and request fields.

    3. A URL decoding is conducted to the http_referer field.

    4. The time field is formatted.

  • Solution

    1. If the _program_ field is set to access, use the e_psv function to parse the content field, and then delete the content field.

      e_if(e_search("_program_==access"), e_compose(e_psv("content", "remote_addr, time_local,host,request,status,request_time,body_bytes_sent,upstream_addr,upstream_status, upstream_response_time,http_referer,http_x_forwarded_for,http_user_agent,session_id,guid", restrict=True), e_drop_fields("content")))

      The returned log entry is as follows:

      __source__:  192.168.0.1
      __tag__:__client_ip__:  192.168.0.10
      __tag__:__receive_time__:  1562845168
      __topic__:  
      _facility_:  1
      _priority_:  14
      _program_:  access
      _severity_:  6
      body_bytes_sent:  6404
      guid:  -
      host:  aliyundoc.com
      http_referer:  https://example.com/s?q=%25%24%23%40%21&from=wy878378&uc_param_str=dnntnwvepffrgibijbprsvdsei
      http_user_agent:  Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 9; HWI-AL00 Build/HUAWEIHWI-AL00) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/537.36
      http_x_forwarded_for:  -
      remote_addr:  192.168.0.100
      request:  GET /zf/11874.html HTTP/1.1
      request_time:  0.077
      session_id:  -
      status:  200
      time_local:  10/Jun/2019:11:32:16 +0800
      topic:  syslog-forwarder
      upstream_addr:  192.168.0.100:8001
      upstream_response_time:  0.060
      upstream_status:  200
    2. Use the e_regex function to parse the request field into the request_method, request, and http_version fields.

      e_regex("request",r"^(? P<request_method>\w+) (? P<request>. +) (? P<http_version>\w+/[\d\.] +)$")

      The returned log entry is as follows:

      request:  /zf/11874.html
      request_method:  GET
      http_version:  HTTP/1.1
    3. Conduct URL decoding to the http_referer field.

      e_set("http",url_decoding("http_referer"))

      The returned log entry is as follows:

      http: https://example.com/s?q=%$#@! &from=wy878378&uc_param_str=dnntnwvepffrgibijbprsvdsei
    4. Format the time.

      e_set("time_local",dt_strptime(v("time"),"%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S +0800"))

      The returned log entry is as follows:

      time_local:  2019-06-13 13:45:11
    5. Run the following syntax:

      e_if(e_search("_program_==access"), e_compose(e_psv("content", "remote_addr, time_local,host,request,status,request_time,body_bytes_sent,upstream_addr,upstream_status, upstream_response_time,http_referer,http_x_forwarded_for,http_user_agent,session_id,guid", restrict=True), e_drop_fields("content")))
      e_regex("request",r"^(? P<request_method>\w+) (? P<request>. +) (? P<http_version>\w+/[\d\.]+)$")
      e_set("http",url_decoding("http_referer"))
      e_set("time_local",dt_strptime(v("time"),"%d/%b/%Y:%H:%M:%S +0800"))
  • Output log content

    __source__:  192.168.0.1
    __tag__:__client_ip__:  192.168.0.10
    __tag__:__receive_time__:  1562840879
    __topic__:  
    _facility_:  1
    _priority_:  14
    _program_:  access
    _severity_:  6
    body_bytes_sent:  6404
    guid:  -
    host:  aliyundoc.com
    http_referer:  https://example.com/s?q=%E8%9B%8B%E8%8A%B1%E9%BE%99%E9%A1%BB%E9%9D%A2%E7%9A%84%E5%81%9A%E6%B3%95&from=wy878378&uc_param_str=dnntnwvepffrgibijbprsvdsei
    http_user_agent:  Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 9; HWI-AL00 Build/HUAWEIHWI-AL00) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Mobile Safari/537.36
    http_x_forwarded_for:  -
    remote_addr:  192.168.0.100
    request:  GET /zf/11874.html HTTP/1.1
    request_time:  0.077
    session_id:  -
    status:  200
    time_local:  10/Jun/2019:11:32:16 +0800
    topic:  syslog-forwarder
    upstream_addr:  192.168.0.100:8001
    upstream_response_time:  0.060
    upstream_status:  200
    http: https://example.com/s?q=functions&from=wy878378&uc_param_str=dnntnwvepffrgibijbprsvdsei

Parse a nonstandard log entry in a CSV-format log file

The following example demonstrates how to parse a nonstandard log entry in a CSV-format log file.

  • Raw log entry

    __source__:  192.168.0.1
    __tag__:__client_ip__:  192.168.0.10
    __tag__:__receive_time__:  1562840879
    __topic__:  
    content: 192.168.0.1|07/Aug/2019:11:10:37 +0800|www.learn.aliyundoc.com|GET /alyun/htsw/?ad=5|8|6|11| HTTP/1.1|200|6.729|14559|192.168.0.1:8001|200|6.716|-|-|Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 4.1.1; Nexus 7 Build/JRO03D))||
  • Transformation requirements

    The content field is parsed.

  • Solution

    In the content field, if no correct field can be parsed from the GET /alyun/htsw/? ad=5|8|6|11| HTTP/1.1 part by using the e_csv function, extract this content, and then replace it in the content field with null.

    e_if(e_search("not remote_addr: *"), e_compose(e_regex("content", r"[^\|]+\|[^\|]+\|[^\|]+\|(? P<request>(. +)HTTP/\d.\d)"), e_set("content", regex_replace(v("content"), r"([^\|]+\|[^\|]+\|[^\|]+)\|((. +)HTTP/\d.\d)\|(.+)",replace= r"\1||\4")), e_psv("content", "remote_addr,time_local,host,request,status,request_time,body_bytes_sent,upstream_addr,upstream_status, upstream_response_time,http_referer,http_x_forwarded_for,http_user_agent,session_id,guid", restrict=True)))
    e_drop_fields("content")
  • Output log content

    __source__:  192.168.0.1
    __tag__:__client_ip__:  192.168.0.10
    __tag__:__receive_time__:  1562840879
    __topic__:  
    body_bytes_sent:  14559
    host:  www.learn.aliyundoc.com
    http_referer:  -
    http_user_agent:  Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 4.1.1; Nexus 7 Build/JRO03D))
    http_x_forwarded_for:  -
    remote_addr:  192.168.0.1
    request:  GET /alyun/htsw/?ad=5|8|6|11|  HTTP/1.1
    request_time:  6.729
    status:  200
    time_local:  07/Aug/2019:11:10:37 +0800
    upstream_addr:  192.168.0.1:8001
    upstream_response_time:  6.716
    upstream_status:  200