Train an image detection model - Development References and Tools| Alibaba Cloud Documentation Center

EasyVision of Machine Learning Platform for AI (PAI) allows you to train image detection models and use the trained models to make predictions. This topic describes how to use PAI commands to train an image detection model.

EasyVision simplifies the training configuration. You can use the -Dparam_config parameter to set common parameters. This way, you do not need to know the rules or logic of the configuration files of EasyVision. If you need advanced parameters to train an image detection model, you can use the -Dconfig parameter to pass the configuration file to EasyVision. The following table describes the models that are supported for image detection training.


Model	Backbone	Whether FPN is supported
FasterRCNN	resnet_v1_50 resnet_v1_101 resnet_v1a_18 resnet_v1a_34 resnet_v1d_50 resnet_v1d_101 resnet_v1d_152	Yes
RFCN	resnet_v1_50 resnet_v1_101 resnet_v1a_18 resnet_v1a_34 resnet_v1d_50 resnet_v1d_101 resnet_v1d_152	No
SSD	resnet_v1_50 resnet_v1d_50	Yes
SSD	vgg16_reduce_fc	No
SSD	mobilenet_v1	No

Image detection training

Image detection training with a single GPU

pai -name easy_vision_ext
           -Dbuckets='oss://{bucket_name}.{oss_host}/{path}'
           -Darn='acs:ram::*********:role/aliyunodpspaidefaultrole'
           -DgpuRequired=100
           -Dcmd train
           -Dparam_config '
             --model_type SSD
             --backbone  resnet_v1_50
             --num_classes 20
             --model_dir oss://YOUR_BUCKET_NAME/test/ssd_fpn_resnet50
             --train_data oss://pai-vision-data-sh/data/voc0712_tfrecord/voc0712_part_*.tfrecord
             --test_data oss://pai-vision-data-sh/data/voc0712_tfrecord/VOC2007_test.tfrecord
             --num_test_example 2
             --train_batch_size 32
             --test_batch_size 1
             --image_sizes 300
             --lr_type exponential_decay
             --initial_learning_rate 0.001
             --decay_epochs 20
             --staircase true
           '

Image detection training with multiple GPUs

pai -name easy_vision_ext
           -Dbuckets='oss://{bucket_name}.{oss_host}/{path}'
           -Darn='acs:ram::*********:role/aliyunodpspaidefaultrole'
           -Dcmd train
           -Dcluster='{
             \"ps\": {
                 \"count\" : 1,
                 \"cpu\" : 600
             },
             \"worker\" : {
                 \"count\" : 3,
                 \"cpu\" : 800,
                 \"gpu\" : 100
             }
           }'
           -Dparam_config '
             --model_type SSD
             --backbone  resnet_v1_50
             --num_classes 20
             --model_dir oss://YOUR_BUCKET_NAME/test/ssd_fpn_resnet50
             --train_data oss://pai-vision-data-sh/data/voc0712_tfrecord/voc0712_part_*.tfrecord
             --test_data oss://pai-vision-data-sh/data/voc0712_tfrecord/VOC2007_test.tfrecord
             --num_test_example 2
             --train_batch_size 32
             --test_batch_size 1
             --image_sizes 300
             --lr_type exponential_decay
             --initial_learning_rate 0.001
             --decay_epochs 20
             --staircase true
           '

Parameters


Parameter	Required	Description	Value format or example value	Default value
buckets	Yes	The endpoint of the Object Storage Service (OSS) bucket.	oss://{bucket_name}.{oss_host}/{path}	N/A
arn	Yes	The Alibaba Cloud Resource Name (ARN) of the RAM role that has the permissions to access OSS resources. For more information about how to obtain the ARN, see the "I/O parameters" section of the Task parameters of PAI-TensorFlow topic.	acs:ram::*:role/aliyunodpspaidefaultrole	N/A
cluster	No	The configuration of parameters that are used for distributed training.	The JSON string.	""
gpuRequired	No	Specifies whether to use GPUs. Each worker uses one GPU by default. If you set this parameter to 200, each worker uses two GPUs.	100	100
cmd	Yes	The type of the EasyVision task. Set this parameter to train when you train a model.	train	N/A
param_config	Yes	The configuration of parameters that are used for model training. The format of the param_config parameter is the same as that of the ArgumentParser() object in Python. For more information, see param_config.	STRING	N/A

param_config

The param_config parameter contains several parameters that are used for model training. The format of the param_config parameter is the same as that of the ArgumentParser() object in Python. The following example shows the configuration of the param_config parameter:

-Dparam_config = '
--backbone resnet_v1_50
--num_classes 200
--model_dir oss://your/bucket/exp_dir
'

Note The values of all string parameters in the param_config parameter are not enclosed in double quotation marks (") or single quotation marks (').


Parameter	Required	Description	Value format or example value	Default value
model_type	Yes	The type of the model to train. Valid values: SSD FasterRCNN RFCN	STRING	N/A
backbone	Yes	The name of the backbone network that is used by the model. Valid values: mobilenet_v1 resnet_v1_50 resnet_v1_101 resnet_v1a_18 resnet_v1a_34 resnet_v1d_50 resnet_v1d_101 vgg16 _reduce_fc	STRING	N/A
weight_decay	No	The value of L2 regularization.	FLOAT	1e-4
use_fpn	No	Specifies whether to use Feature Pyramid Network (FPN).	BOOL	false
num_classes	No	The number of categories, excluding background categories.	21	N/A
anchor_scales	No	The size of the anchor box. The size of the anchor box is the same as that of the input image where the anchor box resides after the image is resized. If you use an SSD model, you do not need to specify this parameter. If you use FPN, set this parameter to the size of the anchor box in the layer that has the highest resolution. The total number of layers is five. The size of the anchor box in a layer is twice as that in the previous layer. For example, if the size of the anchor box in the first layer is 32, the sizes of the anchor boxes in the next four layers are 64, 128, 256, and 512. If you use the FasterRCNN model or the RFCN model without FPN support, you can specify multiple anchor sizes as needed. For example, you can set the anchor_scales parameter to 128 256 512.	FLOAT list. Example value: 32 (single scale) or 128 256 512 (multiple scales).	SSD: The default value is 0.1, 0.2, 0.37, 0.54, 0.71, 0.88, 0.96, or 1.0 times of the size of the input image. FNP: 32 FasterRCNNFNP: 32 FasterRCNNRFCN: [128 256 512]
anchor_ratios	No	The ratios of the width to the height of the anchor boxes.	FLOAT list	0.5 1 2
image_sizes	No	The size of the images after they are resized. This parameter takes effect only when an SSD model is used. The value of this parameter is a list that contains two numbers, which indicate the height and width.	FLOAT list	300 300
image_min_sizes	No	The length of the shorter side of images after they are resized. This parameter is used for FasterRCNN and RFCN. If you specify multiple lengths for the shorter sides of the images in the value of this parameter, the last one is used to evaluate the model, whereas one of the others is randomly selected to train the model. This way, the multi-scale training is supported. If you set only one length for the shorter sides of images, this length is used for both training and evaluation.	FLOAT list	600
image_max_sizes	No	The length of the longer side of images after they are resized. This parameter is used for FasterRCNN and RFCN. If you specify multiple lengths for the longer sides of the images in the value of this parameter, the last one is used to evaluate the model, whereas one of the others is randomly selected to train the model. This way, the multi-scale training is supported. If you set only one length for the longer sides of images, this length is used for both training and evaluation.	FLOAT list	1024
optimizer	No	The type of the optimizer. Valid values: momentum: Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) with momentum adam	STRING	momentum
lr_type	No	The policy that is used to adjust the learning rate. Valid values: exponential_decay: the exponential decay. polynomial_decay: the polynomial decay. If you set the lr_type parameter to polynomial_decay, the num_steps parameter is automatically set to the total number of training iterations. The value of the end_learning_rate parameter is automatically set to one thousandth of the value of the initial_learning_rate parameter. manual_step: manually adjusts learning rates for epochs. If you set the lr_type parameter to manual_step, you must set the decay_epochs parameter to specify the epochs for which you want to adjust the learning rates. You must also set the learning_rates parameter to specify the learning rates as needed. cosine_decay adjusts the learning rate by following the cosine curve. For more information, see SGDR: Stochastic Gradient Descent with Warm Restarts. If you set the lr_type parameter to cosine_decay, you must set the decay_epochs parameter to specify the epochs for which you want to adjust the learning rates.	STRING	exponential_decay
initial_learning_rate	No	The initial learning rate.	Floating point	0.01
decay_epochs	No	If you set the lr_type parameter to exponential_decay, the decay_epochs parameter is equivalent to the decay_steps parameter of tf.train.exponential.decay. In this case, the decay_epochs parameter specifies the epoch interval at which you want to adjust the learning rate. The system automatically converts the value of the decay_epochs parameter to the value of the decay_steps parameter based on the total number of training data entries. Typically, you can set the decay_epochs parameter to half of the total number of epochs. For example, you can set this parameter to 10 if the total number of epochs is 20. If you set the lr_type parameter to manual_step, the decay_epochs parameter specifies the epochs for which you want to adjust the learning rates. For example, the value 16 18 indicates that you want to adjust the learning rates for the 16th and 18th epochs. Typically, if the total number of epochs is N, you can set the two values of the decay_epochs parameter to 8/10 × N and 9/10 × N.	INTEGER list. Example value: 20 20 40 60.	20
decay_factor	No	The decay rate. This parameter is equivalent to the decay_factor parameter of tf.train.exponential.decay.	FLOAT	0.95
staircase	No	Specifies whether the learning rate changes based on the decay_epochs parameter. This parameter is equivalent to the staircase parameter of tf.train.exponential.decay.	BOOL	true
power	No	The power of the polynomial. This parameter is equivalent to the power parameter of tf.train.polynomial.decay.	FLOAT	0.9
learning_rates	No	The learning rates that you want to set for the specified epochs. This parameter is required when you set the lr_type parameter to manual_step. If you want to adjust the learning rates for two epochs, set two learning rates in the value. For example, if the decay_epoches parameter is set to 20 40, you must specify two learning rates in the learning_rates parameter, such as 0.001 0.0001. This indicates that the learning rate of the 20th epoch is adjusted to 0.001 and the learning rate of the 40th epoch is adjusted to 0.0001. We recommend that you adjust the learning rates to one tenth, one hundredth, and one thousandth of the initial learning rate in sequence.	FLOAT list	N/A
lr_warmup	No	Specifies whether to warm up the learning rate.	BOOL	false
lr_warm_up_epochs	No	The number of epochs for which you want to warm up the learning rate.	FLOAT	1
train_data	Yes	The OSS endpoint of the data that is used to train the model.	oss://path/to/train_*.tfrecord	N/A
test_data	Yes	The OSS endpoint of the data that is evaluated during the training.	oss://path/to/test_*.tfrecord	N/A
train_batch_size	Yes	The size of the data that is used to train the model in the current batch.	INT. Example value: 32.	N/A
test_batch_size	Yes	The size of the data that is evaluated in the current batch.	INT. Example value: 32.	N/A
train_num_readers	No	The number of concurrent threads that are used to read the training data.	INT	4
model_dir	Yes	The OSS endpoint of the model.	oss://path/to/model	N/A
pretrained_model	No	The OSS endpoint of the pretrained model. If this parameter is specified, the actual model is finetuned based on the pretrained model.	oss://pai-vision-data-sh/pretrained_models/inception_v4.ckpt	""
use_pretrained_model	No	Specifies whether to use a pretrained model.	BOOL	true
num_epochs	Yes	The number of training iterations. The value 1 indicates that all data is iterated once for the training.	INT. Example value: 40.	N/A
num_test_example	No	The number of data entries that are evaluated during the training. The value -1 indicates that all training data is evaluated.	INT. Example value: 2000.	-1
num_visualizations	No	The number of data entries that can be visualized during the evaluation.	INT	10
save_checkpoint_epochs	No	The epoch interval at which a checkpoint is saved. The value 1 indicates that a checkpoint is saved each time an epoch is complete.	INT	1
save_summary_epochs	No	The epoch interval at which a summary is saved. The value of 0.01 indicates that a summary is saved each time 1% of the training data is iterated.	FLOAT	0.01
num_train_images	No	The total number of data entries that are used for the training. This parameter is required if you use custom TFRecord files to train the model.	INT	0
label_map_path	No	The category mapping file. This parameter is required if you use custom TFRecord files to train the model.	STRING	""