Mathematical functions for data analysis with SQL - IoT Platform - Alibaba Cloud - IoT Platform

SQL analysis provides common mathematical functions for data computation and type conversion. The following sections list the syntax, parameters, and examples of each supported function.

The following table lists the mathematical functions supported by SQL analysis.

Function	Description
ABS	Calculates the absolute value.
ACOS	Calculates the arccosine.
ATAN2	Calculates the arctangent of expr1 and expr2.
ASIN	Calculates the arcsine.
ATAN	Calculates the arctangent.
CEIL	Rounds up a number and returns the nearest integer.
CONV	Converts a number from one number system to another number system.
CORR	Calculates the Pearson correlation coefficient.
COS	Calculates the cosine.
COSH	Calculates the hyperbolic cosine.
COT	Calculates the cotangent.
DEGREES	Converts a radian value to degrees.
E	Returns the value of e.
EXP	Calculates the exponential value.
FLOOR	Rounds down a number and returns the nearest integer.
FORMAT_NUMBER	Converts a number into a string in the specified format.
LN	Calculates the natural logarithm.
LOG	Calculates the logarithm.
LOG10	Calculates the base-10 logarithm.
LOG2	Calculates the base-2 logarithm.
NEGATIVE	Returns the negative value of an expression.
PI	Calculates the value of π.
POSITIVE	Returns the value of an expression.
POW	Calculates the nth power of a value.
RADIANS	Converts a degree value to radians.
RAND	Returns a random number.
ROUND	Returns a value rounded to the specified decimal place.
SHIFTLEFT	Shifts a value left by a specified number of places.
SHIFTRIGHT	Shifts a value right by a specified number of places.
SHIFTRIGHTUNSIGNED	Shifts an unsigned value right by a specific number of places.
SIGN	Returns the sign of the input value.
SIN	Calculates the sine.
SINH	Calculates the hyperbolic sine.
SQRT	Calculates the square root.
TAN	Calculates the tangent.
TANH	Calculates the hyperbolic tangent.

ABS

Syntax
```
bigint|double|decimal abs(<number>)
```
Description

Calculates the absolute value of number.
Parameters

number: required. The value is of the DOUBLE, BIGINT, or DECIMAL type. If the input value is of the STRING type, the value is implicitly converted into a value of the DOUBLE type before calculation.

Note
If the input value is of the BIGINT type and is greater than the maximum value of the BIGINT type, a value of the DOUBLE type is returned. However, the precision may be lost.
Return value
The data type of the return value varies based on the data type of the input parameter. The return value varies based on the following rules:
- If the value of number is of the DOUBLE, BIGINT, or DECIMAL type, a value of the same type is returned.
- If the value of number is of the STRING type, a value of the DOUBLE type is returned.
- If the value of number is null, null is returned.
Examples

-- The value null is returned. 
select abs(null);
-- The value 1 is returned. 
select abs(-1);
-- The value 1.2 is returned. 
select abs(-1.2);
-- The value 2.0 is returned. 
select abs("-2");
-- The value 1.2232083745629837E32 is returned. 
select abs(122320837456298376592387456923748);
-- Calculate the absolute value of the id field in tbl1. The following example shows how to call an ABS function in SQL statements. Other built-in functions, except window functions and aggregate functions, are used in a similar manner. 
select abs(id) from tbl1;

ACOS

Syntax
```
double|decimal acos(<number>)
```
Description

Calculates the arccosine of number.
Parameters

number: required. The value ranges from -1 to 1. A value of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type. If the input value is of the STRING or BIGINT type, the value is implicitly converted into a value of the DOUBLE type before calculation.
Return value
The data type of the return value varies based on the data type of the input parameter. The value ranges from 0 to π. The return value varies based on the following rules:
- If the value of number is of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type, a value of the same type is returned.
- If the value of number is of the STRING or BIGINT type, a value of the DOUBLE type is returned.
- If the value of number does not fall within the range of -1 to 1, null is returned.
- If the value of number is null, null is returned.
Examples

-- The value 0.5155940062460905 is returned. 
select acos("0.87");
-- The value 1.5707963267948966 is returned. 
select acos(0);
-- The value null is returned. 
select acos(null);

ATAN2

Syntax
```
double atan2(<expr1>, <expr2>)
```
Description

Calculates the arctangent of expr1 and expr2.
Parameters
- expr1: required. The value is of the DOUBLE type. If the input value is of the STRING, BIGINT, or DECIMAL type, it is implicitly converted into a value of the DOUBLE type before calculation.
- expr2: required. A value of the DOUBLE type. If the input value is of the STRING, BIGINT, or DECIMAL type, the value is implicitly converted into a value of the DOUBLE type before calculation.
Return value

A value of the DOUBLE type is returned. The return value ranges from -π/2 to π/2. If the value of expr1 or expr2 is null, null is returned.

Examples

-- The value 0.0 is returned. 
select atan2(0, 0);

ASIN

Syntax
```
double|decimal asin(<number>)
```
Description

Calculates the arcsine of number.
Parameters

number: required. The value ranges from -1 to 1. A value of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type. If the input value is of the STRING or BIGINT type, the value is implicitly converted into a value of the DOUBLE type before calculation.
Return value
The data type of the return value varies based on the data type of the input parameter. The return value ranges from -π/2 to π/2. The return value varies based on the following rules:
- If the value of number is of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type, a value of the same type is returned.
- If the value of number is of the STRING or BIGINT type, a value of the DOUBLE type is returned.
- If the value of number does not fall within the range of -1 to 1, null is returned.
- If the value of number is null, null is returned.
Examples

-- The value 1.5707963267948966 is returned. 
select asin(1);
-- The value -1.5707963267948966 is returned. 
select asin(-1);
-- The value null is returned. 
select asin(null);

ATAN

Syntax
```
double atan(<number>)
```
Description

Calculates the arctangent of number.
Parameters

number: required. A value of the DOUBLE type. If the input value is of the STRING, BIGINT, or DECIMAL type, the value is implicitly converted into a value of the DOUBLE type before calculation.
Return value

A value of the DOUBLE type is returned. The return value ranges from -π/2 to π/2. If the value of number is null, null is returned.
Examples

-- The value 0.7853981633974483 is returned. 
select atan(1);
-- The value -0.7853981633974483 is returned. 
select atan(-1);
-- The return value is null. 
select atan(null);

CEIL

Syntax
```
bigint ceil(<value>)
```
Description

Rounds up value and returns the nearest integer.
Parameters

value: required. The value is of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type. If the input value is of the STRING or BIGINT type, it is implicitly converted into a value of the DOUBLE type before calculation.
Return value

A value of the BIGINT type is returned. If the value of number is null, null is returned.
Examples

-- The value 2 is returned. 
select ceil(1.1);
-- The value -1 is returned. 
select ceil(-1.1);
-- The return value is null. 
select ceil(null);

CONV

Syntax

string conv(<input>, bigint <from_base>, bigint <to_base>)

Description

Converts a number from one number system to another number system.
Parameters
- input: required. The value is the integer that you want to convert, which is of the STRING type. If the input value is of the BIGINT or DOUBLE type, it is implicitly converted into a value of the STRING type before calculation.
- from_base and to_base: required. The values of these parameters are decimal numbers. The values can be 2, 8, 10, or 16. If the input value is of the STRING or DOUBLE type, it is implicitly converted into a value of the BIGINT type before calculation.
Return values
A value of the STRING type is returned. The value null is returned in the following scenarios:
- If the value of input, from_base, or to_base is null, null is returned.
- The conversion process runs at 64-bit precision. If an overflow occurs, null is returned.
- If the value of input is a negative value, null is returned. If the value of input is a decimal, it is converted into an integer before the conversion of number systems. The decimal part is discarded.
Examples

-- The value 12 is returned. 
select conv('1100', 2, 10);
-- The value C is returned. 
select conv('1100', 2, 16);
-- The value 171 is returned. 
select conv('ab', 16, 10);
-- The value AB is returned. 
select conv('ab', 16, 16);
-- The return value is null. 
select conv('1100', null, 10);

CORR

Syntax
```
double corr(<col1>, <col2>)
```
Description

Calculates the Pearson correlation coefficient for two columns of data.
Parameters

col1 and col2: required. The names of the two columns for which the Pearson correlation coefficient is calculated. The value is of the DOUBLE, BIGINT, INT, SMALLINT, TINYINT, FLOAT, or DECIMAL type. Data in the col1 and col2 columns can be of different data types.
Return value

A value of the DOUBLE type is returned. If an input column has a null value in a row, the row is not included in the calculation.

COS

Syntax
```
double|decimal cos(<number>)
```
Description

Calculates the cosine of number, which is a radian value.
Parameters

number: required. The value is of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type. If the input value is of the STRING or BIGINT type, it is implicitly converted into a value of the DOUBLE type before calculation.
Return value
A value of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type is returned. The return value varies based on the following rules:
- If the value of number is of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type, a value of the same type is returned.
- If number is of the STRING or BIGINT type, a value of the DOUBLE type is returned.
- If the value of number is null, null is returned.
Examples

-- The value 2.6794896585028633e-8 is retuned. 
select cos(3.1415926/2);
-- The value -0.9999999999999986 is returned. 
select cos(3.1415926);
-- The return value is null. 
select cos(null);

COSH

Syntax
```
double|decimal cosh(<number>)
```
Description

Calculates the hyperbolic cosine of number.
Parameters

number: required. The value is of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type. If the input value is of the STRING or BIGINT type, it is implicitly converted into a value of the DOUBLE type before calculation.
Return value
A value of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type is returned. The return value varies based on the following rules:
- If the value of number is of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type, a value of the same type is returned.
- If number is of the STRING or BIGINT type, a value of the DOUBLE type is returned.
- If the value of number is null, null is returned.
Examples

-- The value 2.5091784169949913 is returned. 
select cosh(3.1415926/2);
-- The return value is null. 
select cosh(null);

COT

Syntax
```
double|decimal cot(<number>)
```
Description

Calculates the cotangent of number, which is a radian value.
Parameters

number: required. The value is of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type. If the input value is of the STRING or BIGINT type, it is implicitly converted into a value of the DOUBLE type before calculation.
Return value
A value of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type is returned. The return value varies based on the following rules:
- If the value of number is of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type, a value of the same type is returned.
- If number is of the STRING or BIGINT type, a value of the DOUBLE type is returned.
- If the value of number is null, null is returned.
Examples

-- The return value is 2.6794896585028643E-8. 
select cot(3.1415926/2);
-- The return value is null. 
select cot(null);

DEGREES

Syntax
```
double degrees(<number>) 
```
Description

Converts a radian value to degrees.
Parameters

number: required. The value is of the DOUBLE, BIGINT, INT, SMALLINT, TINYINT, FLOAT, DECIMAL, or STRING type.
Return value

A value of the DOUBLE type is returned. If the value of number is null, null is returned.
Examples

-- The return value is 90.0. 
select degrees(1.5707963267948966);
-- The return value is 0.0. 
select degrees(0);
-- The return value is null. 
select degrees(null);

E

Syntax
```
double e()
```
Description

Returns the value of e.
Return value

A value of the DOUBLE type is returned.

Examples

-- The value 2.718281828459045 is returned. 
select e();

EXP

Syntax
```
double|decimal exp(<number>)
```
Description

Calculates the exponential value of number.
Parameters

number: required. The value is of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type. If the input value is of the STRING or BIGINT type, it is implicitly converted into a value of the DOUBLE type before calculation.
Return value
A value of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type is returned. The return value varies based on the following rules:
- If the value of number is of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type, a value of the same type is returned.
- If number is of the STRING or BIGINT type, a value of the DOUBLE type is returned.
- If the value of number is null, null is returned.
Examples

-- The value 4.810477252069109 is returned. 
select exp(3.1415926/2);
-- The return value is null. 
select exp(null);

FLOOR

Syntax
```
bigint floor(<number>)
```
Description

Rounds down the value of number and returns the nearest integer that is no greater than the value of number.
Parameters

number: required. The value is of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type. If the input value is of the STRING or BIGINT type, it is implicitly converted into a value of the DOUBLE type before calculation.
Return value

A value of the BIGINT type is returned. If the value of number is null, null is returned.
Examples

-- The return value is 1. 
select floor(1.2);
-- The return value is 0. 
select floor(0.1);
-- The return value is -2. 
select floor(-1.2);
-- The return value is -1. 
select floor(-0.1);
-- The return value is 0. 
select floor(0.0);
-- The return value is 0. 
select floor(-0.0);
-- The return value is null. 
select floor(null);

FORMAT_NUMBER

Syntax

string format_number(float|double|decimal <expr1>, <expr2>)

Description

Converts a number to a string in a specified format.
Parameters
- expr1: required. The expression to convert. A value of the DOUBLE, BIGINT, INT, SMALLINT, TINYINT, FLOAT, DECIMAL, or STRING type.
- expr2: required. The output format. You can specify the number of decimal places to retain, or use a format pattern such as #,###,###.##.
Return value
A value of the STRING type is returned. The return value varies based on the following rules:
- If expr2 is greater than 0, the value is rounded to the specified place after the decimal point.
- If expr2 is equal to 0, the value has no decimal point or decimal part.
- If expr2 is less than 0 or greater than 340, an error is returned.
- If the value of expr1 or expr2 is null, null is returned.
Examples

-- The value 5.230 is returned. 
select format_number(5.230134523424545456,3);
-- The value 12,332.123 is returned. 
select format_number(12332.123456, '#,###,###,###.###');
-- The return value is null. 
select format_number(null,3);

ISNAN

Syntax
```
boolean isnan(<expr>)
```
Description

Checks whether the value of expr is NaN.
Parameters

expr: required. A value of the DOUBLE type. If the input value is of the STRING, BIGINT, or DECIMAL type, the value is implicitly converted into a value of the DOUBLE type before calculation.
Return value
- If the value of expr is NaN, True is returned. Otherwise, False is returned.
- If the value of expr is null, False is returned.

Examples

-- The value False is returned. 
SELECT isnan(100.1);

LN

Syntax
```
double|decimal ln(<number>)
```
Description

Calculates the natural logarithm of number.
Parameters

number: required. The value is of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type. If the input value is of the STRING or BIGINT type, it is implicitly converted into a value of the DOUBLE type before calculation.
Return value
A value of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type is returned. The return value varies based on the following rules:
- If the value of number is of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type, a value of the same type is returned.
- If the value of number is of the STRING or BIGINT type, a value of the DOUBLE type is returned.
- If the value of number is a negative value or 0, null is returned.
- If the value of number is null, null is returned.
Examples

-- The value 1.144729868791239 is returned. 
select ln(3.1415926);
-- The return value is null. 
select ln(null);

LOG

Syntax
```
double log(<base>, <x>)
```
Description

Calculates the logarithm of x whose base number is the value of base.
Parameters
- base: required. The base number. The value is of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type. If the input value is of the STRING or BIGINT type, it is implicitly converted into a value of the DOUBLE type before calculation.
- x: required. The value for which the logarithm is calculated. The value is of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type. If the input value is of the STRING or BIGINT type, it is implicitly converted into a value of the DOUBLE type before calculation.
Return value
A value of the DOUBLE type is returned. The return value varies based on the following rules:
- If the value of base or x is null, null is returned.
- If the value of base or x is a negative value or 0, null is returned.
- If the value of base is 1, null is returned. The value 1 causes division by zero.
Examples

-- The value 4.0 is returned. 
select log(2, 16);
-- The return value is null. 
select log(2, null);

LOG10

Syntax
```
double log10(<number>)
```
Description

Calculates the base-10 logarithm of number.
Parameters

number: required. The value is of the DOUBLE, BIGINT, INT, SMALLINT, TINYINT, FLOAT, DECIMAL, or STRING type.
Return value

A value of the DOUBLE type is returned. If the value of number is 0, a negative value, or null, null is returned.
Examples

-- The return value is null. 
select log10(null);
-- The return value is null. 
select log10(0);
-- The value 0.9030899869919435 is returned. 
select log10(8);

LOG2

Syntax
```
double log2(<number>)
```
Description

Calculates the base-2 logarithm of number.
Parameters

number: required. The value is of the DOUBLE, BIGINT, INT, SMALLINT, TINYINT, FLOAT, DECIMAL, or STRING type.
Return value

A value of the DOUBLE type is returned. If the value of number is 0, a negative value, or null, null is returned.
Examples

-- The return value is null. 
select log2(null);
-- The return value is null. 
select log2(0);
-- The value 3.0 is returned. 
select log2(8);

NEGATIVE

Syntax

TINYINT|SMALLINT|INT|BIGINT|DOUBLE|DECIMAL negative(TINYINT|SMALLINT|INT|BIGINT|DOUBLE|DECIMAL <expr>)

Description

Returns the negative value of expr.
Parameters

expr: required. The value is an expression of the TINYINT, SMALLINT, INT, BIGINT, DOUBLE, or DECIMAL type.
Return value

The negative value of expr is returned.

Examples

-- The value 1 is returned. 
SELECT negative(1);

PI

Syntax
```
double pi()
```
Description

Returns the value of π.
Return value

A value of the DOUBLE type is returned.

Examples

-- The value 3.141592653589793 is returned. 
select pi();

POSITIVE

Syntax

TINYINT|SMALLINT|INT|BIGINT|DOUBLE|DECIMAL positive(TINYINT|SMALLINT|INT|BIGINT|DOUBLE|DECIMAL <expr>)

Description

Returns the value of expr.
Parameters

expr: required. The value is an expression of the TINYINT, SMALLINT, INT, BIGINT, DOUBLE, or DECIMAL type.
Return value

The value of expr is returned.

Examples

-- The return value is 1. 
SELECT positive(1);

POW

Syntax
```
double|decimal pow(<x>, <y>)
```
Description

Calculates the yth power of x, namely, x^y.
Parameters
- x: required. The value is of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type. If the input value is of the STRING or BIGINT type, it is implicitly converted into a value of the DOUBLE type before calculation.
- y: required. The value is of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type. If the input value is of the STRING or BIGINT type, it is implicitly converted into a value of the DOUBLE type before calculation.
Return value
A value of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type is returned. The return value varies based on the following rules:
- If x or y is of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type, a value of the same type is returned.
- If x or y is of the STRING or BIGINT type, a value of the DOUBLE type is returned.
- If the value of x or y is null, null is returned.
Examples

-- The value 65536.0 is returned. 
select pow(2, 16);
-- The return value is null. 
select pow(2, null);

RADIANS

Syntax
```
double radians(<number>)
```
Description

Converts a degree value to radians.
Parameters

number: required. The value is of the DOUBLE, BIGINT, INT, SMALLINT, TINYINT, FLOAT, DECIMAL, or STRING type.
Return value

A value of the DOUBLE type is returned. If the value of number is null, null is returned.
Examples

-- The return value is 1.5707963267948966. 
select radians(90);
-- The value 0.0 is returned. 
select radians(0);
-- The return value is null. 
select radians(null);

RAND

Syntax
```
double rand(bigint <seed>)
```
Description

Returns a random number of the DOUBLE type. The value ranges from 0 to 1.
Parameters

seed: optional. A value of the BIGINT type. The random seed that determines the starting point of a random number sequence.

Note
You can use seed to determine a random number sequence. After the random number sequence is determined by seed, the return value of this function is fixed. If the execution environment is the same and the seed value remains unchanged, the return value is the same. If you want to obtain different results, you must modify the seed value.
Return value

A value of the DOUBLE type is returned.

Examples

-- The value 4.7147460303803655E-4 is returned. 
select rand();
-- The value 0.7308781907032909 is returned. 
select rand(1);

ROUND

Syntax

double|decimal round(<number>[, bigint <decimal_places>])

Description

Returns a number that is rounded to a specified decimal place.
Parameters
- number: required. A value of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type. If the input value is of the STRING or BIGINT type, it is implicitly converted into a value of the DOUBLE type before calculation.
- decimal_places: optional. A constant of the BIGINT type. The decimal place to which the number is rounded. If you do not configure this parameter, the number is rounded to the ones place. The default value is 0.
  
  Note
  The value of decimal_places can be a negative value. A negative value indicates counting from the decimal point to the left, and the decimal part is excluded. If the value of decimal_places exceeds the length of the integer part, 0 is returned.
Return value
A value of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type is returned. The return value varies based on the following rules:
- If the value of number is of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type, a value of the same type is returned.
- If the value of number is of the STRING or BIGINT type, a value of the DOUBLE type is returned.
- If decimal_places is not of the BIGINT type, an error is returned.
- If the value of number or decimal_places is null, null is returned.
Examples

-- The value 125.0 is returned. 
select round(125.315);
-- The value 125.3 is returned. 
select round(125.315, 1);
-- The value 125.32 is returned. 
select round(125.315, 2);
-- The value 125.315 is returned. 
select round(125.315, 3);
-- The value -125.32 is returned. 
select round(-125.315, 2);
-- The value 100.0 is returned. 
select round(123.345, -2);
-- The return value is null. 
select round(null);
-- The value 123.345 is returned. 
select round(123.345, 4);
-- The value 0.0 is returned. 
select round(123.345, -4);

SHIFTLEFT

Syntax

int shiftleft(tinyint|smallint|int <number1>, int <number2>)
bigint shiftleft(bigint <number1>, int <number2>)

Description

Shifts a value left by a specific number of places (<<).
Parameters
- number1: required. The value is of the TINYINT, SMALLINT, INT, or BIGINT type.
- number2: required. The value is of the INT type.
Return value
A value of the INT or BIGINT type is returned. The return value varies based on the following rules:
- If the value of number1 is not of the TINYINT, SMALLINT, INT, or BIGINT type, an error is returned.
- If the value of number2 is not of the INT type, an error is returned.
- If the value of number1 or number2 is null, null is returned.
Examples

-- The value 4 is returned. The following statement shifts the binary value of 1 two places to the left (1<<2,0001 shifted to be 0100). 
select shiftleft(1,2); 
-- The value 32 is returned. The following statement shifts the binary value of 4 three places to the left (4<<3,0100 shifted to be 100000). 
select shiftleft(4,3);
-- The return value is null. 
select shiftleft(null,2);

SHIFTRIGHT

Syntax

int shiftright(tinyint|smallint|int <number1>, int <number2>)
bigint shiftright(bigint <number1>, int <number2>)

Description

Shifts a value right by a specific number of places (>>).
Parameters
- number1: required. The value is of the TINYINT, SMALLINT, INT, or BIGINT type.
- number2: required. The value is of the INT type.
Return value
A value of the INT or BIGINT type is returned. The return value varies based on the following rules:
- If the value of number1 is not of the TINYINT, SMALLINT, INT, or BIGINT type, an error is returned.
- If the value of number2 is not of the INT type, an error is returned.
- If the value of number1 or number2 is null, null is returned.
Examples

-- The return value is 1. Shift the binary value of 4 two places to the right (4>>2, 1000 shifted to be 0001). 
select shiftright(4,2);
-- The value 4 is returned. The following statement shifts the binary value of 32 three places to the right (32>>3,100000 shifted to be 0100). 
select shiftright(32,3);
-- The return value is null. 
select shiftright(null,3);

SHIFTRIGHTUNSIGNED

Syntax

int shiftrightunsigned(tinyint|smallint|int <number1>, int <number2>)
bigint shiftrightunsigned(bigint <number1>, int <number2>)

Description

Shifts an unsigned value right by a specific number of places (>>>).
Parameters
- number1: required. The value is an integer of the TINYINT, SMALLINT, INT, or BIGINT type.
- number2: required. The value is an integer of the INT type.
Return value
A value of the INT or BIGINT type is returned. The return value varies based on the following rules:
- If the value of number1 is not of the TINYINT, SMALLINT, INT, or BIGINT type, an error is returned.
- If the value of number2 is not of the INT type, an error is returned.
- If the value of number1 or number2 is null, null is returned.
Examples

-- The return value is 2. The following statement shifts the binary unsigned value of 8 two places to the right (8>>>2,1000 shifted to be 0010). 
select shiftrightunsigned(8,2);
-- The value 1073741820 is returned. The following statement shifts the binary value of -14 two places to the right (-14>>>2, 11111111 11111111 11111111 11110010 shifted to be 00111111 11111111 11111111 11111100). 
select shiftrightunsigned(-14,2);
-- The return value is null. 
select shiftrightunsigned(-14,null);

SIGN

Syntax
```
double sign(<number>)
```
Description

Returns the sign of the input value.
Parameters

number: required. The value is of the DOUBLE, BIGINT, INT, SMALLINT, TINYINT, FLOAT, DECIMAL, or STRING type.
Return value
A value of the DOUBLE type is returned. The return value varies based on the following rules:
- If the value of number is a positive value, 1.0 is returned.
- If the value of number is a negative value, -1.0 is returned.
- If the value of number is 0, 0.0 is returned.
- If the value of number is null, null is returned.
Examples

-- The value -1.0 is returned. 
select sign(-2.5);
-- The value 1.0 is returned. 
select sign(2.5);
-- The value 0.0 is returned. 
select sign(0);
-- The return value is null. 
select sign(null);

SIN

Syntax
```
double|decimal sin(<number>)
```
Description

Calculates the sine of number, which is a radian value.
Parameters

number: required. The value is of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type. If the input value is of the STRING or BIGINT type, it is implicitly converted into a value of the DOUBLE type before calculation.
Return value
A value of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type is returned. The return value varies based on the following rules:
- If the value of number is of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type, a value of the same type is returned.
- If the value of number is of the STRING or BIGINT type, a value of the DOUBLE type is returned.
- If the value of number is null, null is returned.
Examples

-- The value -0.3048106211022167 is returned. 
select sin(60);
-- The return value is null. 
select sin(null);

SINH

Syntax
```
double|decimal sinh(<number>)
```
Description

Calculates the hyperbolic sine of number.
Parameters

number: required. The value is of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type. If the input value is of the STRING or BIGINT type, it is implicitly converted into a value of the DOUBLE type before calculation.
Return value
A value of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type is returned. The return value varies based on the following rules:
- If the value of number is of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type, a value of the same type is returned.
- If the value of number is of the STRING or BIGINT type, a value of the DOUBLE type is returned.
- If the value of number is null, null is returned.
Examples

-- The value 5.343237290762231E12 is returned. 
select sinh(30);
-- The return value is null. 
select sinh(null);

SQRT

Syntax
```
double|decimal sqrt(<number>)
```
Description

Calculates the square root of number.
Parameters

number: required. The value is of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type. The value must be greater than 0. If the value is less than 0, null is returned. If the input value is of the STRING or BIGINT type, the value is implicitly converted into a value of the DOUBLE type before calculation.
Return value
A value of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type is returned. The return value varies based on the following rules:
- If the value of number is of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type, a value of the same type is returned.
- If the value of number is of the STRING or BIGINT type, a value of the DOUBLE type is returned.
- If the value of number is null, null is returned.
Examples

-- The return value is 2.0. 
select sqrt(4);
-- The return value is null. 
select sqrt(null);

TAN

Syntax
```
double|decimal tan(<number>)
```
Description

Calculates the tangent of number, which is a radian value.
Parameters

number: required. The value is of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type. If the input value is of the STRING or BIGINT type, it is implicitly converted into a value of the DOUBLE type before calculation.
Return value
A value of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type is returned. The return value varies based on the following rules:
- If the value of number is of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type, a value of the same type is returned.
- If the value of number is of the STRING or BIGINT type, a value of the DOUBLE type is returned.
- If the value of number is null, null is returned.
Examples

-- The value -6.405331196646276 is returned. 
select tan(30);
-- The return value is null. 
select tan(null);

TANH

Syntax
```
double|decimal tanh(<number>)
```
Description

Calculates the hyperbolic tangent of number.
Parameters

number: required. The value is of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type. If the input value is of the STRING or BIGINT type, it is implicitly converted into a value of the DOUBLE type before calculation.
Return value
A value of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type is returned. The return value varies based on the following rules:
- If the value of number is of the DOUBLE or DECIMAL type, a value of the same type is returned.
- If the value of number is of the STRING or BIGINT type, a value of the DOUBLE type is returned.
- If the value of number is null, null is returned.
Examples

-- The value 1.0 is returned. 
select tanh(30);
-- The return value is null. 
select tanh(null);