This topic describes how to synchronize data from an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance to an AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL instance by using Data Transmission Service (DTS). The data synchronization feature provided by DTS allows you to transfer and analyze data with ease.

Supported source databases

You can use DTS to synchronize data from the following types of MySQL databases to an AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL instance. In this topic, an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance is used to describe how to configure a data synchronization task. You can also follow the procedure to configure data synchronization tasks for other types of MySQL databases.
  • ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance
  • Self-managed database that is hosted on Elastic Compute Service (ECS)
  • Self-managed database that is connected over Express Connect, VPN Gateway, or Smart Access Gateway
  • Self-managed database that is connected over Database Gateway
  • Self-managed database that is connected over Cloud Enterprise Network (CEN)

Prerequisites

Limits

Note By default, DTS disables FOREIGN KEY constraints for the destination database in a data synchronization task. Therefore, specific operations of the source database are not synchronized to the destination database, such as the cascade and delete operations.
Category Description
Limits on the source database
  • The tables to be synchronized must have PRIMARY KEY or UNIQUE constraints and all fields must be unique. Otherwise, the destination database may contain duplicate data records.
  • If you select tables as the objects to be synchronized and you need to edit tables (such as renaming tables or columns) in the destination database, up to 1,000 tables can be synchronized in a single data synchronization task. If you run a task to synchronize more than 1,000 tables, a request error occurs. In this case, we recommend that you split the tables, configure multiple tasks to synchronize the tables, or configure a task to synchronize the entire database.
  • The following requirements for binary logs must be met:
    • The binary logging feature must be enabled. For more information about how to enable binary logging, see Modify the parameters of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance. In addition, the binlog_row_image parameter must be set to full. Otherwise, error messages are returned during precheck and the data synchronization task cannot be started.
      Notice
      • If the source database is a self-managed MySQL database, you must enable binary logging and set binlog_format to row and binlog_row_image to full.
      • If the self-managed MySQL database is deployed in a dual-primary cluster, you must set log_slave_updates to ON. This ensures that DTS can obtain all binary logs. For more information, see Create an account for a user-created MySQL database and configure binary logging.

    • For an incremental data synchronization task, the binary logs of the source database are retained for at least 24 hours. For a full data and incremental data synchronization task, the binary logs of the source database are retained for at least seven days. After full data synchronization is complete, you can set the retention period to more than 24 hours. Otherwise, DTS may fail to obtain the binary logs and the task may fail. In exceptional circumstances, data inconsistency or loss may occur. Make sure that you set the retention period of binary logs in accordance with the preceding requirements. Otherwise, the SLA of DTS does not ensure service reliability and performance. For more information about binary log files and log backup files of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance, see View and delete the binary log files of an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance.

  • During data synchronization, do not perform DDL operations to modify the primary key or add comments such as ALTER TABLE table_name COMMENT='Table comments'; because the operations cannot take effect.
Other limits
  • Requirements for the objects to be synchronized:
    • Only tables can be selected as the objects to be synchronized.
    • DTS does not synchronize the following data types: BIT, VARBIT, GEOMETRY, ARRAY, UUID, TSQUERY, TSVECTOR, and TXID_SNAPSHOT.
    • Prefix indexes cannot be synchronized. If the source database contains prefix indexes, data may fail to be synchronized.
  • Before you synchronize data, evaluate the impact of data synchronization on the performance of the source and destination databases. We recommend that you synchronize data during off-peak hours. During full data synchronization, DTS uses read and write resources of the source and destination databases. This may increase the loads on the database servers.
  • During full data synchronization, concurrent INSERT operations cause fragmentation in the tables of the destination database. After full data synchronization is complete, the tablespace of the destination database is larger than that of the source database.
  • If you select one or more tables instead of an entire database as the objects to synchronize, do not use gh-ost or pt-online-schema-change to perform DDL operations on the tables during data synchronization. Otherwise, data may fail to be synchronized.

    If you use only DTS to write data to the destination database, you can use Data Management (DMS) to perform online DDL operations on source tables during data synchronization. For more information, see Perform lock-free DDL operations.

  • During data synchronization, we recommend that you use only DTS to write data to the destination database. This prevents data inconsistency between the source and destination databases. If you use tools other than DTS to write data to the destination database, we recommend that you do not use DMS to perform online DDL operations. Otherwise, data loss may occur in the destination database.
Special cases
If the source database is a self-managed MySQL database, take note of the following items:
  • If you perform a primary/secondary switchover on the source database when the data synchronization task is running, the task fails.
  • DTS calculates synchronization latency based on the timestamp of the latest synchronized data in the destination database and the current timestamp in the source database. If no DML operation is performed on the source database for a long time, the synchronization latency may be inaccurate. If the latency of the synchronization task is too high, you can perform a DML operation on the source database to update the latency.
    Note If you select an entire database as the object to be synchronized, you can create a heartbeat table. The heartbeat table is updated or receives data every second.

Billing

Synchronization type Task configuration fee
Schema synchronization and full data synchronization Free of charge.
Incremental data synchronization Charged. For more information, see Pricing.

Supported synchronization topologies

  • One-way one-to-one synchronization
  • One-way one-to-many synchronization
  • One-way many-to-one synchronization

SQL operations that can be synchronized

  • DML operations: INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE
  • DDL operation: ADD COLUMN
    Note The CREATE TABLE operation is not supported. To synchronize data from a new table, you must add the table to the selected objects. For more information, see Add an object to a data synchronization task.

Term mappings

MySQL AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL
Database Schema
Table Table

Procedure

  1. Go to the Data Synchronization page of the new DTS console.
    Note You can also log on to the Data Management console. In the top navigation bar, click DTS. Then, in the left-side navigation pane, choose DTS (DTS) > Data Synchronization.
  2. In the top navigation bar, select the region where the data synchronization instance resides.
    Region
  3. Click Create Task. On the page that appears, configure the source and destination databases.
    Section Parameter Description
    N/A Task Name

    DTS automatically generates a task name. We recommend that you specify an informative name to identify the task. You do not need to use a unique task name.

    Source Database Database Type In this example, MySQL is selected.
    Access Method In this example, Alibaba Cloud Instance is selected.
    Instance Region The region in which the source ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance resides.
    Replicate Data Across Alibaba Cloud Accounts Specifies whether data is synchronized across Alibaba Cloud accounts. In this example, No is selected.
    RDS Instance ID The ID of the source ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance.
    Note The source and destination ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instances can be the same or different. You can use DTS to synchronize data between two ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instances or within an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance.
    Database Account The database account of the source ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance. The account must have the REPLICATION CLIENT, REPLICATION SLAVE, SHOW VIEW, and SELECT permissions.
    Database Password

    Enter the password of the database account.

    Encryption

    Select Non-encrypted or SSL-encrypted based on your business requirements. If you want to select SSL-encrypted, you must enable SSL encryption for the ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance before you configure the data synchronization task. For more information, see Configure SSL encryption for an ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL instance.

    Destination Database Database Type In this example, AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL is selected.
    Access Method In this example, Alibaba Cloud Instance is selected.
    Instance Region The region in which the destination AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL instance resides.
    Instance ID The ID of the destination AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL instance.
    Database Name The name of the destination database in the AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL instance.
    Database Account The initial account of the destination AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL instance.
    Note You can also enter an account that has the RDS_SUPERUSER permission. For more information, see Manage users and permissions.
    Database Password

    Enter the password of the database account.

  4. In the lower part of the page, click Test Connectivity and Proceed.
    Note
    • You do not need to modify the security settings for ApsaraDB instances (such as ApsaraDB RDS for MySQL and ApsaraDB for MongoDB) and ECS-hosted databases. DTS automatically adds the CIDR blocks of DTS servers to the whitelists of ApsaraDB instances or the security group rules of Elastic Compute Service (ECS) instances. For more information, see Add the CIDR blocks of DTS servers to the security settings of on-premises databases.
    • After data synchronization is completed, we recommend that you remove the CIDR blocks of DTS servers from the whitelists or security groups.
  5. Select objects for the task and configure advanced settings.
    • Basic SettingsBasic Settings
      Parameter Description
      Task Stages

      Incremental Data Synchronization is selected by default. You must also select Schema Synchronization and Full Data Synchronization. After the precheck, DTS synchronizes the historical data of the selected objects from the source instance to the destination cluster. The historical data is the basis for subsequent incremental synchronization.

      Processing Mode of Conflicting Tables

      • Precheck and Report Errors: checks whether the destination database contains tables that have the same names as tables in the source database. If the source and destination databases do not contain identical table names, the precheck is passed. Otherwise, an error is returned during the precheck and the data synchronization task cannot be started.

        Note You can use the object name mapping feature to rename the tables that are synchronized to the destination database. You can use this feature if the source and destination databases contain identical table names and the tables in the destination database cannot be deleted or renamed. For more information, see Map object names.
      • Ignore Errors and Proceed: skips the precheck for identical table names in the source and destination databases.
        Warning If you select Ignore Errors and Proceed, data consistency is not guaranteed and your business may be exposed to potential risks.
        • If the source and destination databases have the same schema, and a data record has the same primary key as an existing data record in the destination database:
          • During full data synchronization, DTS does not synchronize the data record to the destination database. The existing data record in the destination database is retained.
          • During incremental data synchronization, DTS synchronizes the data record to the destination database. The existing data record in the destination database is overwritten.
        • If the source and destination databases have different schemas, data may fail to be initialized. In this case, only some columns are synchronized or the data synchronization task fails.
      DDL and DML Operations to Be Synchronized The DDL and DML operations that you want to synchronize. For more information, see SQL operations that can be synchronized.
      Note To select the SQL operations performed on a specific database or table, perform the following steps: In the Selected Objects section, right-click an object. In the dialog box that appears, select the SQL operations that you want to synchronize.
      Select Objects

      Select one or more objects from the Source Objects section and click the Rightwards arrow icon to add the objects to the Selected Objects section.

      Note You can select only tables as the objects to be synchronized.
      Rename Databases and Tables
      • To rename an object that you want to synchronize to the destination instance, right-click the object in the Selected Objects section. For more information, see Map the name of a single object.
      • To rename multiple objects at a time, click Batch Edit in the upper-right corner of the Selected Objects section. For more information, see Map multiple object names at a time.
      Filter data

      You can specify WHERE conditions to filter data. For more information, see Use SQL conditions to filter data.

      Select the SQL operations to be synchronized In the Selected Objects section, right-click an object. In the dialog box that appears, select the DML and DDL operations that you want to synchronize. For more information, see SQL operations that can be synchronized.
    • Advanced SettingsAdvanced Settings
      Parameter Description
      Set Alerts
      Specify whether to set alerts for the data synchronization task. If the task fails or the synchronization latency exceeds the threshold, the alert contacts will receive notifications.
      • Select No if you do not want to set alerts.
      • Select Yes to set alerts. In this case, you must also set the alert threshold and alert contacts.
      Replicate Temporary Tables When DMS Performs DDL Operations
      If you use Data Management (DMS) to perform online DDL operations on the source database, you can specify whether to synchronize temporary tables generated by online DDL operations.
      • Yes: DTS synchronizes the data of temporary tables generated by online DDL operations.
        Note If online DDL operations generate a large amount of data, the data synchronization task may be delayed.
      • No: DTS does not synchronize the data of temporary tables generated by online DDL operations. Only the original DDL data of the source database is synchronized.
        Note If you select No, the tables in the destination database may be locked.
      Retry Time for Failed Connection
      Specify the retry time range for failed connections. If a data synchronization task is disconnected, DTS immediately retries a connection within the specified time range. Valid values: 10 to 1440. Unit: minutes. Default value: 120. We recommend that you set the retry time range to more than 30 minutes. If DTS reconnects to the source and destination databases within the specified time range, DTS resumes the data synchronization task. Otherwise, the data synchronization task fails.
      Note
      • If multiple DTS instances have the same source or destination database, the lowest value of this parameter takes effect. For example, the retry time range is set to 30 minutes for Instance A and 60 minutes for Instance B, DTS retries failed connections within 30 minutes.
      • When DTS retries a connection, you are charged for the DTS instance. We recommend that you specify the retry time range based on your business requirements. You can also release the DTS instance at your earliest opportunity after the source and destination instances are released.
  6. In the lower part of the page, click Next: Configure Database and Table Fields. On the page that appears, set the primary key columns and distribution key columns of the tables that you want to synchronize to the destination AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL instance.
    AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL: Set the primary key columns and distribution key columns
  7. In the lower part of the page, click Next: Save Task Settings and Precheck.
    Note
    • Before you can start the data synchronization task, DTS performs a precheck. You can start the data synchronization task only after the task passes the precheck.
    • If the task fails to pass the precheck, you can click the Info icon icon next to each failed item to view details.
      • You can troubleshoot the issues based on the causes and run a precheck again.
      • If you do not need to troubleshoot the issues, you can ignore failed items and run a precheck again.
  8. Wait until the Success Rate becomes 100%. Then, click Next: Purchase Instance.
  9. On the Purchase Instance page, specify the Billing Method and Instance Class parameters for the data synchronization instance. The following table describes the parameters.
    Section Parameter Description
    Parameters Billing Method
    • Subscription: You pay for your subscription when you create an instance. We recommend that you select the subscription billing method for long-term use because it is more cost-effective than the pay-as-you-go billing method. You can save more costs with longer subscription periods.
    • Pay-as-you-go: A pay-as-you-go instance is billed on an hourly basis. We recommend that you select the pay-as-you-go billing method for short-term use. If you no longer require a pay-as-you-go instance, you can release the instance to reduce costs.
    Instance Class DTS provides several instance classes that have different performance in synchronization speed. You can select an instance class based on your business scenario. For more information, see Specifications of data synchronization instances.
    Subscription Length If you select the subscription billing method, set the subscription length and the number of instances that you want to create. The subscription length can be one to nine months or one to three years.
    Note This parameter is available only if you select the subscription billing method.
  10. Read and select Data Transmission Service (Pay-as-you-go) Service Terms.
  11. Click Buy and Start to start the data synchronization task. You can view the progress of the task in the task list.